Program and Build Raspberry Pi 5 Based Ham Station Utilities with the RTL-SDR
The RTL-SDR devices (V3 and V4) have gained popularity among radio amateurs because of their very low cost and rich features. A basic system may consist of a USB based RTL-SDR device (dongle) with a suitable antenna, a Raspberry Pi 5 computer, a USB based external audio input-output adapter, and software installed on the Raspberry Pi 5 computer. With such a modest setup, it is possible to receive signals from around 24 MHz to over 1.7 GHz.
This book is aimed at amateur radio enthusiasts and electronic engineering students, as well as at anyone interested in learning to use the Raspberry Pi 5 to build electronic projects. The book is suitable for both beginners through experienced readers. Some knowledge of the Python programming language is required to understand and eventually modify the projects given in the book. A block diagram, a circuit diagram, and a complete Python program listing is given for each project, alongside a comprehensive description.
The following popular RTL-SDR programs are discussed in detail, aided by step-by-step installation guides for practical use on a Raspberry Pi 5:
SimpleFM
GQRX
SDR++
CubicSDR
RTL-SDR Server
Dump1090
FLDIGI
Quick
RTL_433
aldo
xcwcp
GPredict
TWCLOCK
CQRLOG
klog
Morse2Ascii
PyQSO
Welle.io
Ham Clock
CHIRP
xastir
qsstv
flrig
XyGrib
FreeDV
Qtel (EchoLink)
XDX (DX-Cluster)
WSJT-X
The application of the Python programming language on the latest Raspberry Pi 5 platform precludes the use of the programs in the book from working on older versions of Raspberry Pi computers.
Programming and Projects for the Minima and WiFi
Based on the low-cost 8-bit ATmega328P processor, the Arduino Uno R3 board is likely to score as the most popular Arduino family member, and this workhorse has been with us for many years. Eleven years later, the long-overdue successor, the Arduino Uno R4, was released. It is built around a 48 MHz, 32-bit Arm Cortex-M4 microcontroller and provides significantly expanded SRAM and Flash memory. Additionally, a higher-precision ADC and a new DAC are added to the design. The Uno R4 board also supports the CAN Bus with an interface.
Two versions of the board are available: Uno R4 Minima, and Uno R4 WiFi. This book is about using these new boards to develop many different and interesting projects with just a handful of parts and external modules. All projects described in the book have been fully tested on the Uno R4 Minima or the Uno R4 WiFi board, as appropriate.
The project topics include the reading, control, and driving of many components and modules in the kit as well as on the relevant Uno R4 board, including
LEDs
7-segment displays (using timer interrupts)
LCDs
Sensors
RFID Reader
4x4 Keypad
Real-time clock (RTC)
Joystick
8×8 LED matrix
Motors
DAC (Digital-to-analog converter)
LED matrix
WiFi connectivity
Serial UART
CAN bus
Infrared controller and receiver
Simulators
… all in creative and educational ways with the project operation and associated software explained in great detail.
The DIY Mini Digital Oscilloscope Kit (with shell) is an easy-to-build kit for a tiny digital oscilloscope. Besides the power switch, it has only one other control, a rotary encoder with a built-in pushbutton. The kit's microcontroller comes preprogrammed. The 0.96" OLED display has a resolution of 128 x 64 pixels. The oscilloscope features one channel that can measure signals up to 100 kHz. The maximum input voltage is 30 V, the minimum voltage is 0 V.
The kit consists of through-hole components (THT) are surface-mount devices (SMD). Therefore, assembling the kit means soldering SMD parts, which requires some soldering experience.
Specifications
Vertical range: 0 to 30 V
Horizontal range: 100 µs to 500 ms
Trigger type: auto, normal and single
Trigger edge: rising and falling
Trigger level: 0 to 30 V
Run/Stop mode
Automatic frequency measurement
Power: 5 V micro-USB
10 Hz, 5 V sinewave output
9 kHz, 0 to 4.8 V square wave output
Display: 0.96-inch OLED screen
Dimensions: 57 x 38 x 26 mm
Downloads
Documentation
This USB Logic Analyzer is an 8-channel logic analyzer with each input dual purposed for analog data recording. It is perfect for debugging and analyzing signals like I²C, UART, SPI, CAN and 1-Wire. It operates by sampling a digital input connected to a device under test (DUT) at a high sample rate. The connection to the PC is via USB.
Specifications
Channels
8 digital channels
Maximum sampling rate
24 MHz
Maximum input voltage
0~5 V
Operating temperature
0~70°C
Input impedance
1 MΩ || 10 pF
Supported protocols
I²C, SPI, UART, CAN, 1-Wire, etc.
PC connection
USB
Dimensions
55 x 28 x 14 mm
Included
USB Logic Analyzer (8-ch, 24 MHz)
USB Cable
Jumper Wire Ribbon Cable
Downloads
Software
Program, build, and master over 60 projects with Python
The Raspberry Pi 5 is the latest single-board computer from the Raspberry Pi Foundation. It can be used in many applications, such as in audio and video media centers, as a desktop computer, in industrial controllers, robotics, and in many domestic and commercial applications. In addition to the well-established features found in other Raspberry Pi computers, the Raspberry Pi 5 offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (classic and BLE), which makes it a perfect match for IoT as well as in remote and Internet-based control and monitoring applications. It is now possible to develop many real-time projects such as audio digital signal processing, real-time digital filtering, real-time digital control and monitoring, and many other real-time operations using this tiny powerhouse.
The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi 5 computer and covers the important topics of accessing the computer locally and remotely. Use of the console language commands as well as accessing and using the desktop GUI are described with working examples. The remaining parts of the book cover many Raspberry Pi 5-based hardware projects using components and devices such as
LEDs and buzzers
LCDs
Ultrasonic sensors
Temperature and atmospheric pressure sensors
The Sense HAT
Camera modules
Example projects are given using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules to send and receive data from smartphones and PCs, and sending real-time temperature and atmospheric pressure data to the cloud.
All projects given in the book have been fully tested for correct operation. Only basic programming and electronics experience are required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full Python program listings are given for all projects described.
The FNIRSI SWM-20 handheld spot welder is a high-efficiency, user-friendly, and easy-to-carry welding tool. It features dual-pulse spot welding technology, ensuring more stable and reliable welds, and also includes a convenient power bank function.
Equipped with a 2.4-inch HD display, the SWM-20 offers clear and intuitive operation. Its rotary encoder knob allows users to adjust parameters quickly and precisely, making it easy to set the required welding settings and improving the overall user experience.
Features
2-in-1: Spot Welder & 5000 mAh Power Bank
1200 A High-Power Output for Strong, Reliable Welds
Dual-Pulse Technology for Cleaner & More Stable Welding
Dual A-Grade Batteries with 8 Safety Protections
0.1–0.5 mm Multi-Material Welding Capability
10,000+ Precision Adjustment Levels for Professional Control
2.4-inch TFT Display with Real-Time Data Monitoring
Specifications
Max Welding Current
1200 A
Battery Capacity
5000 mAh
Charging
5 V/2.1 A
Discharging
5 V/2.1 A
Welding Materials
Nickel, Iron, Stainless Steel
Welding Thickness
0.1‒0.5 mm
Level
4 Preset Combination Levels
Dimensions
13.3 x 8.8 x 3.2 cm
Weight
850 g
Included
1x FNIRSI SWM-20 Spot Welder
2x Welding Pens
2x Replacement Tips
1x Nickel Strip
1x USB-C Cable
1x Manual
Downloads
Manual
From SRPP and Mu-Follower to OTL Designs
Tube amplifiers suffer from distortion. Fortunately, circuits such as the SRPP amplifier, mu-follower, and beta-follower produce minimal distortion even at output voltages of 50 to 100 Vpeak.
These designs are often published with errors. Without a sound understanding of the theory, it is easy to arrive at a flawed design.
In the first section of this book, we investigate the origin of distortion, while in the second we investigate the design of and SRPP and a mu-follower.
On the internet we can find the most exotic designs. Evaluating them teaches us that these designs often make matters worse rather than better. In the chapter on incorrect SRPPs and mu-followers, we sometimes see bizarre and misguided designs where using a simple single-triode amplifier would perform much better.
Push-pull output stages also exist. A great number of them are examined, and their similarity to the SRPP is discussed. This is done especially with the help of the theory behind the OTL based on the ‘mother’ of all OTLs, the Philips HF303.
Finally, attention is given to frequency characteristics and technical matters such as the supply voltage and the filament power supply.
To illustrate these points, there are a few designs covering the subjects discussed.
This book presents much new theory that has not been published before. It is often an eye-opener, showing that many things have a beautiful and unexpected simplicity.
The Raspberry Pi 400 offers a quad-core 64-bit processor, 4 GB RAM, wireless networking, dual-display output, 4K video playback, and a 40-pin GPIO header. It's a powerful, compact computer built into a portable keyboard.
Specifications
Processor
Broadcom BCM2711 quad-core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.8 GHz
RAM
4 GB LPDDR4-3200
Connectivity
Dual-band (2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz) IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ac wireless LANBluetooth 5.0, BLEGigabit Ethernet2x USB 3.0 and 1x USB 2.0 ports
GPIO
Horizontal 40-pin GPIO header
Video & Sound
2 × micro HDMI ports (supports up to 4Kp60)
Multimedia
H.265 (4Kp60 decode)H.264 (1080p60 decode, 1080p30 encode)OpenGL ES 3.0 graphics
SD card support
MicroSD card slot for operating system and data storage
Keyboard
US keyboard
Power
5 V DC via USB connector
Operating temperature
0°C to +40°C
Dimensions
286 x 122 x 23 mm (maximum)
Raspberry Pi Zero 2 WH is the successor to the breakthrough Raspberry Pi Zero W(H). The board incorporates a quad-core 64-bit Arm Cortex-A53 CPU, clocked at 1 GHz. At its heart is a Raspberry Pi RP3A0 system-in-package (SiP), integrating a Broadcom BCM2710A1 die with 512 MB of LPDDR2 SDRAM. The upgraded processor provides Raspberry Pi Zero 2 WH with 40% more single-threaded performance, and five times more multi-threaded performance, than the original single-core Raspberry Pi Zero.
Features
64-bit quad-core processor
VideoCore IV GPU
512 MB LPDDR2 DRAM
802.11b/g/n wireless LAN
Bluetooth 4.2 / Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
MicroSD card slot
Mini HDMI and USB 2.0 OTG ports
Micro USB power
With mounted 40-pin header
Composite video and reset pins via solder test points
CSI camera connector
Specifications
SoC
Broadcom BCM2710A1
CPU
64-bit ARM Cortex-A53 (4x 1 GHz)
GPU
Broadcom VideoCore VI
RAM
512 MB LPDDR2
Wireless LAN
2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11b/g/n
Bluetooth
Bluetooth 4.2, BLE
USB
1x micro USB (for data)1x micro USB (for power supply)
GPIO
HAT-compatible 40-pin GPIO header
Video & Audio
1080P HD video & stereo audio via mini-HDMI connector
SD card
microSD (for operating system and storage)
Power
5 VDC / 2.5 A (supplied via micro USB connector)
Dimensions
65 x 30 x 5 mm
Raspberry Pi Zero 2 WH is footprint-compatible with earlier Zero models.
Now save €10 with this Starter Kit compared to buying them separately!
This special Raspberry Pi 4 Starter Kit includes everything you need to get started right away with the world's most popular mini computer as a development and multimedia device.
Kit Contents
Raspberry Pi 4 B (4 GB RAM)The Raspberry Pi 4 is a complete computer system in a small package that provides multimedia and desktop performance comparable to an entry-level x86 PC system.
Broadcom BCM2711 SoC 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 (1.5 GHz)
VideoCore VI @ 500 MHz
4 GB LPDDR4 SDRAM
Gigabit Ethernet
802.11ac Wi-Fi
Bluetooth 5.0
2x USB 3.0, 2x USB 2.0 and 1x USB-C (for power supply)
2x micro-HDMI (up to 4Kp60)
1x MicroSD (for storage)
Official EU Power Supply (5.1 V, 3 A) for Raspberry Pi 4 (white)The official Raspberry Pi USB-C power supply (15.3 W) is designed specifically to power the Raspberry Pi 4.
microSD Card (32 GB, Class 10) with SD Adapter (Pre-Installed with NOOBS)This microSD with pre-installed NOOBS (New Out Of Box Software) is an easy-to-use operating system installation manager for the Raspberry Pi.
Official Case for Raspberry Pi 4 (white/red)This well-designed case protects the Raspberry Pi 4.
Official HDMI Cable for Raspberry Pi 4 (white, 1 m)The official Raspberry Pi micro-HDMI to HDMI (A/M) cable (white, 1 m) is designed for the Raspberry Pi 4.
Heatsink Set for Raspberry PiThese aluminum heatsinks cool the board and prevent the Raspberry Pi from overheating.
ANT700 from Great Scott Gadgets is a lightweight telescopic antenna designed for operation from 300 MHz to 1100 Hz. Its total length is configurable from 9.5 cm to 24.5 cm. ANT700 is constructed of stainless steel and features an SMA male connector, rotating shaft, and adjustable elbow.
ANT700 is a 50 ohm general purpose antenna. It is a perfect first antenna for use with HackRF One/Pro.
The Andonstar AD409 Max-ES boosts a high-quality metal lens and a unique UV filter design. Crafted from top-tier industrial-grade materials, it delivers unmatched precision and durability, ensuring a reliable product experience. The UV filter positioned in front of the metal lens blocks soldering heat, smoke, and dust, safeguarding the lens and making it perfect for soldering and maintenance professionals.
The AD409 Max-ES features an oversized Max station (46 x 37 x 47.5 cm) and an advanced tool set, expanding the soldering station area by 370%. This upgrade meets the demands of professional soldering tasks and provides ample workspace for larger projects.
The easy-to-use tool holder keeps tools within reach, ensuring they are always accessible. Additionally, the soldering helping hands with rotatable clamps simplify soldering and repair tasks, enhancing efficiency and convenience.
The endoscope offers an all-around 360° view. This allows for clear observation of components from all sides and inside pipes, eliminating blind spots and ensuring thorough inspections.
Features
High-quality Metal Lens and Unique UV Filter Design
New Max station
Easy-to-use Tool Holder and Soldering Helping Hands
Microscope with Endoscope All-around View 360°
Professional HDMI Digital Microscope supports Multiple Output Methods
8 Levels adjustable LEDs
Convenient Wireless Remote Control
Specifications
Screen size
10.1 inch (1280x800)
Image sensor
4 MP
Video output
UHD 2880x2160 (24fps)FHD 1920x1080 (60fps/30fps)HD 1280x720 (120fps)
Video format
MP4
Magnification
Up to 300 times (27 inch HDMI monitor)
Photo resolution
Max. 24 MP (5600x4200)
Photo format
JPG
Focus range
Min. 5 cm
Frame Rate
Max. 120fps
Video interface
HDMI
Storage
microSD card (up to 64 GB)
PC support
Windows, PC software with measurement
Mobile phone, tablet terminal support
Support WiFi connection and measurement
Power source
5 V DC
Light source
2 LEDs with the stand
Endoscope
Yes
Stand size
46 x 37 x 47.5 cm (18.1 x 14.6 x 18.7")
Included
1x Andonstar AD409 Max-ES Digital Microscope
1x Endoscope
1x Stand with 2 LEDs
1x UV filter (already assembled in the lens)
1x Soldering mat
1x Beam
1x Column
1x Tool holder
1x Soldering Helping Hands
1x Power adapter
1x Power cable
1x HDMI cable
1x USB cable
1x IR remote
1x Manual
Downloads
Manual
Software
The Elektor Super Servo Tester can control servos and measure servo signals. It can test up to four servo channels at the same time.
The Super Servo Tester comes as a kit. All the parts required to assemble the Super Servo Tester are included in the kit. Assembling the kit requires basic soldering skills. The microcontroller is already programmed.
The Super Servo Tester features two operating modes: Control/Manual and Measure/Inputs.
In Control/Manual mode the Super Servo Tester generates control signals on its outputs for up to four servos or for the flight controller or ESC. The signals are controlled by the four potentiometers.
In Measure/Inputs the Super Servo Tester measures the servo signals connected to its inputs. These signals may come from for instance an ESC, a flight controller, or the receiver or another device. The signals are also routed to the outputs to control the servos or the flight controller or ESC. The results are shown on the display.
Specifications
Operating modes
Control/Manual & Measure/Inputs
Channels
3
Servo signal inputs
4
Servo signal outputs
4
Alarm
Buzzer & LED
Display
0.96' OLED (128 x 32 pixels)
Input voltage on K5
7-12 VDC
Input voltage on K1
5-7.5 VDC
Input current
30 mA (9 VDC on K5, nothing connected to K1 and K2)
Dimensions
113 x 66 x 25 mm
Weight
60 g
Included
Resistors (0.25 W)
R1, R3
1 kΩ, 5%
R2, R4, R5, R6, R7, R9, R10
10 kΩ, 5%
R8
22 Ω, 5%
P1, P2, P3, P4
10 kΩ, lin/B, vertical potentiometer
Capacitors
C1
100 µF 16 V
C2
10 µF 25 V
C3, C4, C7
100 nF
C5, C6
22 pF
Semiconductors
D1
1N5817
D2
LM385Z-2.5
D3
BZX79-C5V1
IC1
7805
IC2
ATmega328P-PU, programmed
LED1
LED, 3 mm, red
T1
2N7000
Miscellaneous
BUZ1
Piezo buzzer with oscillator
K1, K2
2-row, 12-way pinheader, 90°
K5
Barrel jack
K4
1-row, 4-way pin socket
K3
2-row, 6-way boxed pinheader
S1
Slide switch DPDT
S2
Slide switch SPDT
X1
Crystal, 16 MHz
28-way DIP socket for IC2
Elektor PCB
OLED display, 0.96', 128 x 32 pixels, 4-pin I²C interface
Links
Elektor Magazine
Elektor Labs
A Retro Roll with a Neon Soul
LED-based dice are common, but their light is cold. Not so for this electronic neon dice, which displays its value with the warm glow of neon lamps. It is perfect for playing games on cold, dark winter evenings. The pips of the dice are neon lamps and the random number generator has six neon lamps to show that it is working.
Even though the dice has an on-board 100-V power supply, it is completely safe. As with all Elektor Classic products, the dice too has its circuit diagram printed on the front while an explanation of how the circuit works can be found on the rear side.
The Neon Lamp Dice comes as a kit of easy-to-solder through-hole parts. The power supply is a 9-V battery (not included).
Features
Warm Vintage Glow
Elektor Heritage Circuit Symbols
Tried & Tested by Elektor Labs
Educational & Geeky Project
Through-Hole Parts Only
Included
Printed Circuit Board
All Components
Wooden Stand
Required
9 V battery
Component List
Resistors (THT, 150 V, 0.25 W)
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R14 = 1 MΩ
R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12 = 18 kΩ
R13, R15, R16, R17, R18, R21, R23, R24, R25, R26, R28, R30, R33 = 100 kΩ
R32, R34 = 1.2 kΩ
R19, R20, R22, R27, R29 = 4.7 kΩ
R31 = 1 Ω
Capacitors
C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 = 470 nF, 50 V, 5 mm pitch
C7, C9, C11, C12 = 1 µF, 16 V, 2 mm pitch
C8 = 470 pF, 50 V, 5 mm pitch
C10 = 1 µF, 250 V, 2.5 mm pitch
Inductors
L1 = 470 µH
Semiconductors
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7 = 1N4148
D8 = STPS1150
IC1 = NE555
IC2 = 74HC374
IC3 = MC34063
IC4 = 78L05
T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 = MPSA42
T6 = STQ2LN60K3-AP
Miscellaneous
K1 = PP3 9 V battery holder
NE1, NE2, NE3, NE4, NE5, NE6, NE7, NE8, NE9, NE10, NE11, NE12, NE13 = neon light
S2 = Miniature slide switch
S1 = Pushbutton (12 x 12 mm)
The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter uses the precision of a multimeter to measure very low resistance values. It is an adapter that converts a resistance into a voltage that can be measured with a standard multimeter.
The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter can measure resistances below 1 mΩ using a 4-wire (Kelvin) method. It is useful for locating short circuits on printed circuit boards (PCB).
The adapter features three measurement ranges – 1 mΩ, 10 mΩ, and 100 mΩ – selectable via a slide switch. It also includes onboard calibration resistors. The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter is powered by three 1.5 V AA batteries (not included).
Specifications
Measurement ranges
1 mΩ, 10 mΩ, 100 mΩ, 0.1%
Power supply
3x 1.5 V AA batteries (not included)
Dimensions
103 x 66 x 18 mm (compatible with Hammond 1593N-type enclosure, not included)
Special feature
On-board calibration resistors
Downloads
Documentation
Resonances From Aether Days
A Pictorial and Technical Analysis from WWII to the Internet Age
From the birth of radio to the late 1980s, much of real life unfolded through shortwave communication. World War II demonstrated—beyond a shadow of a doubt—that effective communications equipment was a vital prerequisite for military success. In the postwar years, shortwave became the backbone on which many of the world's most critical services depended every day.
All the radio equipment—through whose cathodes, grids, plates, and transistors so much of human history has flowed—is an exceptional subject of study and enjoyment for those of us who are passionate about vintage electronics. In this book, which begins in the aftermath of World War II, you’ll find a rich collection of information: descriptions, tips, technical notes, photos, and schematics that will be valuable for anyone interested in restoring—or simply learning about—these extraordinary witnesses to one of the most remarkable eras in technological history.
My hope is that these pages will help preserve this vast treasure of knowledge, innovation, and history—a heritage that far transcends the purely technical.
2 Channels • 350 MHz • 1 GSa/s • 50,000 wfm/s • 7 inch Touchscreen
The FNIRSI DPOS350P is a sleek 4-in-1 powerhouse in tablet form! This compact and portable device packs serious functionality: it combines a 2-channel oscilloscope (350 MHz), a signal generator (50 MHz), a frequency response analyzer (50 MHz), and a spectrum analyzer (200 kHz–350 MHz) – all in one unit.
Whether you're in R&D, troubleshooting, or field testing, the DPOS350P delivers the tools you need to measure, generate, analyze, and visualize electronic signals with precision and clarity. Its responsive high-resolution touchscreen and intuitive controls make signal analysis fast, flexible and efficient.
Features
Powerful Multi-Function Integration
350 MHz 2-channel oscilloscope with 1 GSa/s real-time sampling
50 MHz signal generator with 14 standard + custom waveforms
Spectrum analyzer (200 kHz–350 MHz): Perfect for EMI, RF & HF testing
Frequency response analyzer (FRA) up to 50 MHz
High-Performance Waveform Capture
50,000 wfm/s refresh rate for real-time signal clarity
350 MHz bandwidth (single-channel mode)
Detects rare and low-probability anomalies
Crisp Display & Smooth Operation
7" IPS touchscreen (1024 x 600 resolution)
Switch between grayscale and color temperature display
Easy to operate in various test environments
Reliable, Protected & Fast-Charging
High-voltage protection up to 400 V
Fast charging with QC 18 W (full charge in 2 hours)
Built for stable long-term operation
Data Storage & Export
Save up to 500 waveform records + 90 screenshots
USB export for easy reporting and offline analysis
Specifications
General
Display
7 inch (IPS full viewing angle)
Resolution
1024 x 600 pixels
Interaction mode
Capacitive touch screen
Total power consumption
10 W
Power-on configuration
5 presets
Charging
QC 18 W, 12 V/1.5 A (USB-C)
Battery
3.7 V, 8000 mAh lithium battery
Battery life
approx. 3 hours in operation, 5 hours standby
Heat dissipation
Air cooling
Expansion interface
USB data port
Automatic shutdown
15~60 minutes / off
Firmware upgrade
Support .iso image upgrade
Languages
English / Portuguese / Russian / Chinese
Dimensions
190 x 128 x 37 mm
Oscilloscope
Analog channels
2
Analog bandwidth
350 MHz
Rise time
1ns
Real-time sampling rate
1 GSa/s
Memory depth
60 Kpts
Input impedance
1 MΩ / 14PF
Time base range
5ns ~ 50s
Roll time base
50ms ~ 50s
Vertical sensitivity
2 mV ~ 20 V (1X)
Vertical range
16 mV ~ 160 V (1X)
DC accuracy
±2%
Time accuracy
±0.01%
Input coupling
DC / AC
Probe attenuation
1X / 10X / 100X
Hardware bandwidth limit
150M / 20M
High resolution mode
8bit ~ 16bit
Parameter measurements
12 types
Cursor measurement
Time, period, frequency, level, voltage
Trigger detection
Digital trigger
Trigger channel
CH1 / CH2
Trigger mode
Auto / Single / Normal
Trigger edge
Rising edge / Falling edge
Trigger suppression
L1 ~ L3
Trigger level
Manual / automatic 10% ~ 90%
Screenshot storage
90 pictures
Waveform storage
500 groups
Background grid
Display / hide
Waveform movement
Coarse adjustment / fine adjustment
Overvoltage protection
Withstand voltage 400 V
Waveform brightness
Adjustable
Simple FFT display
Yes
Digital fluorescence
Yes
Color temperature display
Yes
X-Y mode
Yes
ZOOM time base
Yes
One-key automatic adjustment
Yes
One-key return to zero
Yes
Data browser
Yes
Signal Generator
Waveform types
14 standard functions + captured waveform
Frequency
0~50 MHz (sine wave only, other waveforms up to 10M/5M/3M)
Amplitude
0~5 VPP
Offset
-2.5 V ~ +2.5V
Duty cycle
0.1~99.9%
Frequency resolution
1 Hz
Amplitude resolution
1 mV
Offset resolution
1 mV
Duty cycle resolution
0.1%
Customizable captured waveform
500 groups
Frequency Response Analyzer (FRA)
Excitation signal frequency
100 Hz ~ 50 MHz
Excitation signal amplitude
0~5 VPP
Excitation signal offset
-2.5V ~ +2.5V
Excitation frequency count
20~500
Cursor measurement
Frequency / gain / phase
Operating mode
Single / cyclic
System calibration
Yes
Spectrum Analyzer
Conversion method
FFT
FFT length
4K ~ 32K
Frequency range
200 KHz ~ 350 MHz
Level range
-60 dBmV ~ +260 dBmV
Cursor measurement
Frequency / amplitude
Marking parameter
Maximum energy harmonic
Waterfall chart
Yes
3D waterfall chart
Yes
Automatic adjustment
Yes
System calibration
Yes
Included
1x FNIRSI DPOS350P Oscilloscope (4-in-1)
2x 350 MHz Probes
1x QC 18 W Fast Charger (EU)
1x USB-C Cable
1x Alligator Clip
1x Storage Bag
1x Manual
Downloads
Manual
Firmware
From Simple Ciphers to Secure Systems
Understanding how to apply cryptography on modern microcontrollers is essential for building secure, reliable, and trustworthy systems. This book explains cryptography in the context of embedded hardware, from classical ciphers that illustrate core principles to modern techniques such as AES for practical high-security applications.
By combining mathematical theory with real-world microcontroller implementations, readers learn not only how cryptography works, but also how to implement it effectively on systems with limited processing power and memory. The book is intended for students starting out in cryptography, hobbyists securing personal projects, and engineers looking for a structured guide to embedded security.
The book covers these key topics in applied cryptography:
Classical ciphers on Arduino Uno and Raspberry Pi Pico, with full programs: Spartan Scytale, Hebrew Atbash, Caesar, ROT13, Alberti Disk, Vigenère, Affine, Polybius, Playfair, Beaufort, Ottoman Codebook, and One-Time Pad.
Hacking classical ciphers using microcontrollers, with examples.
Pseudo-random (PRNG) and true random number generation (TRNG) on microcontrollers.
Symmetric-key cryptography with full programs: DES and AES-128/256.
Memory and speed constraints of cryptography on microcontrollers.
Asymmetric cryptography: public/private keys, digital signatures, key distribution and derivation (KDF), RSA, and SHA-256 implementations.
A complete secure communication program using RSA and AES-256.
A glossary of commonly used cryptography terms.
SD card quality is crucial for a good Raspberry Pi experience. Raspberry Pi's A2 microSD cards support higher bus speeds and command queuing, improving random read performance and narrowing the gap with NVMe SSDs. These cards are rigorously tested for optimal performance with Raspberry Pi models.
Features
Capacity: 64 GB
Support for DDR50 and SDR104 bus speeds and command queueing (CQ) extension
Speed Class: C10, U3, V30, A2
Random 4 KB read performance: 3,200 IOPS (Raspberry Pi 4, DDR50) 5,000 IOPS (Raspberry Pi 5, SDR104)
Random 4 K write performance: 1,200 IOPS (Raspberry Pi 4, DDR50) 2,000 IOPS (Raspberry Pi 5, SDR104)
Shock-proof, X-ray–proof, and magnet-proof
microSDHC/microSDXC formats
Downloads
Datasheets
The Peak Atlas DCA55 is great for automatically identifying the type of semiconductor on the test leads as well as the pinout and many other parameters.
Supports transistors MOSFETs, JFETs (gate pin only can be identified), diodes, LEDs and lots more. Automatically identifies type of component, pinout and other important parameters. Now features transistor leakage measurement and Germanium/Silicon identification.
Component Support
Bipolar transistors (NPN/PNP inc Silicon/Germanium)
Darlington transistors (NPN/PNP)
Enhancement mode MOSFETs (N-Ch and P-Ch)
Depletion mode MOSFETs (N-Ch and P-Ch)
Junction FETs (N-Ch and P-Ch). Only gate lead identified
Diodes and diode networks (2 and 3 lead types)
LEDs and bi-colour LEDs (2 lead and 3 lead types)
Low power sensitive Triacs and Thyristors (<5 mA trigger and hold)
Measurements
Part type identification
Pinout identification
BJT current gain (hFE)
BJT base emitter voltage (Vbe)
BJT collector leakage current
MOSFET gate threshold voltage
Diode forward voltage drop (Vf)
Specifications
Analyzer type
Transistors, Diodes, LEDs, MOSFETs, JFETs
Pinout detection
Full pinout (only Gate on JFETs)
Pinout configuration
Connect any way round
Transistor measurements
Vbe, hFE, Iceo
MOSFET measurements
Vgs(on)
Diode measurements
Vf
Probe type
Universal grabber type
Battery
Single AAA cell (supplied). Life typically 1300 ops
Test conditions
Typically 5 mA, 5 V peak
Display type
Alphanumeric LCD (with backlight)
Included
Peak Atlas DCA55 Semiconductor Analyzer
Comprehensive illustrated user guide
Fitted universal hook probes
AAA Alkaline battery
Downloads
Datasheet (EN)
User Guide (EN)
User Guide (IT)
The Raspberry Pi Pico 2 WH (with headers) is a microcontroller board based on the RP2350 featuring 2.4 GHz 802.11n wireless LAN and Bluetooth 5.2. It gives you even more flexibility in your IoT or smart product designs and expanding the possibilities for your projects.
The RP2350 provides a comprehensive security architecture built around Arm TrustZone for Cortex-M. It incorporates signed boot, 8 KB of antifuse OTP for key storage, SHA-256 acceleration, a hardware TRNG, and fast glitch detectors.
The unique dual-core, dual-architecture capability of the RP2350 allows users to choose between a pair of industry-standard Arm Cortex-M33 cores and a pair of open-hardware Hazard3 RISC-V cores. Programmable in C/C++ and Python, and supported by detailed documentation, the Raspberry Pi Pico 2 WH is the ideal microcontroller board for both enthusiasts and professional developers.
Specifications
CPU
Dual Arm Cortex-M33 or dual RISC-V Hazard3 processors @ 150 MHz
Wireless
On-board Infineon CYW43439 single-band 2.4 GHz 802.11n wireless Lan and Bluetooth 5.2
Memory
520 KB on-chip SRAM; 4 MB on-board QSPI flash
Interfaces
26 multi-purpose GPIO pins, including 4 that can be used for AD
Peripherals
2x UART
2x SPI controllers
2x I²C controllers
24x PWM channels
1x USB 1.1 controller and PHY, with host and device support
12x PIO state machines
Input power
1.8-5.5 V DC
Dimensions
21 x 51 mm
Downloads
Datasheet
Pinout
Schematic
Mastering PCB design with real-world projects
This book builts on KiCad Like a Pro – Fundamentals and Projects and aims to help you practice your new KiCad skills by challenging you in a series of real-world projects. The projects are supported by a comprehensive set of recipes with detailed instructions on how to achieve a variety of simple and complex tasks. Design the PCBs for a solar power supply, an LED matrix array, an Arduino-powered datalogger, and a custom ESP32 board. Understand the finer details of the interactive router, how to manage KiCad project teams with Git, how to use an autorouter on 2 and 4-layer PCBs, and much more.
KiCad 8 is a modern, cross-platform application suite built around schematic and design editors. This stable and mature PCB tool is a perfect fit for electronic engineers and makers. With KiCad 8, you can create PCBs of any complexity and size without the constraints associated with the commercial packages.
Here are the most significant improvements and features in KiCad 8, both over and under the hood:
Modern user interface, completely redesigned from earlier versions
Improved and customizable electrical and design rule checkers
Theme editor allowing you to fully customize the look of KiCad on your screen
Ability to import projects from Eagle, CADSTART, and more
An improved and tightly integrated SPICE circuit simulator
Autorouting with the Freerouting plugin
Filters define which elements of a layout are selectable
Enhanced interactive router helps you draw single tracks and differential pairs with precision
New or enhanced tools to draw tracks, measure distances, tune track lengths, etc.
Enhanced tool for creating filled zones
A customizable coordinate system facilitates data exchange with other CAD applications
Realistic ray-tracing capable 3D viewer
Differential pair routing
Rich repositories of symbol, footprint, and 3D shape libraries
Python scripting API for programmatic customization and extensions
Improved footprint wizard for fast custom footprints
The Andonstar AD407 Pro microscope is suitable for various applications such as soldering SMDs or repair work. The microscope has a large adjustable 7" LCD display and comes with a remote. Compared to AD407, AD407 Pro offers an extra-high stand, which makes soldering of components even easier.
Specifications
Screen size
7 inch (17.8 cm)
Image sensor
4 MP
Video output
UHD 2880x2160 (24fps)FHD 1920x1080 (60fps/30fps)HD 1280x720 (120fps)
Video format
MP4
Magnification
Up to 270 times (27 inch HDMI monitor)
Photo resolution
Max. 12 MP (4032x3024)
Photo format
JPG
Focus range
Min. 5 cm
Frame Rate
Max. 120fps
Video interface
HDMI
Storage
microSD card (up to 64 GB)
Power source
5 V DC
Light source
2 LEDs with the stand
Stand size
20 x 18 x 32 cm
Included
1x Andonstar AD407 Pro Digital Microscope
1x Metal stand with 2 LEDs
1x UV filter (already assembled in the lens)
1x IR remote
1x Switch cable
1x Power adapter
1x Wrench
2x Metal clips
1x HDMI cable
1x Manual
Downloads
Manual
Model Comparison
AD407
AD407 Pro
AD409
AD409 Pro-ES
Screen size
7 inch (17.8 cm)
7 inch (17.8 cm)
10.1 inch (25.7 cm)
10.1 inch (25.7 cm)
Image sensor
4 MP
4 MP
4 MP
4 MP
Video output
2160p
2160p
2160p
2160p
Interfaces
HDMI
HDMI
USB, HDMI, WiFi
USB, HDMI, WiFi
Video format
MP4
MP4
MP4
MP4
Magnification
Up to 270x
Up to 270x
Up to 300x
Up to 300x
Photo resolution
Max. 4032x3024
Max. 4032x3024
Max. 4032x3024
Max. 4032x3024
Photo format
JPG
JPG
JPG
JPG
Focus distance
Min. 5 cm
Min. 5 cm
Min. 5 cm
Min. 5 cm
Frame rate
Max. 120f/s
Max. 120f/s
Max. 120f/s
Max. 120f/s
Storage
microSD card
microSD card
microSD card
microSD card
PC support
No
No
Windows
Windows
Mobile connection
No
No
WiFi + Measurement
WiFi + Measurement
Power source
5 V DC
5 V DC
5 V DC
5 V DC
Light source
2 LEDs with the stand
2 LEDs with the stand
2 LEDs with the stand
2 LEDs with the stand
Endoscope
No
No
No
Yes
Stand size
20 x 12 x 19 cm
20 x 18 x 32 cm
18 x 20 x 30 cm
18 x 20 x 32 cm
Weight
1.6 kg
2.1 kg
2.2 kg
2.5 kg