LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT & LTE-M Compared The Internet of Things depends on a critical question. How do you connect devices that must operate for years on tiny batteries, often miles from the nearest power outlet? This Elektor Technical Brief provides a practical guide to the technologies that have become the backbone of long-range, low-power IoT connectivity. Compiled by the Elektor Content Team, this concise technical brief examines the real engineering tradeoffs behind today’s leading Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies: LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and LTE-M. By referencing a wide range of Elektor articles and other online content, this document explains why link budget, noise, bandwidth, and power consumption ultimately determine system performance. From there, it explores the architectures, strengths, limitations, and deployment realities of each major LPWAN technology, helping you understand not just how they work, but when and why to use them. Whether you’re designing smart meters, industrial sensors, agricultural monitoring systems, asset trackers, or connected infrastructure, this guide provides the insights needed to make informed connectivity decisions. Along the way, you’ll discover: Why LPWAN technologies emerged and where they fit in the IoT landscape The RF fundamentals that drive range, reliability, and battery life Details about LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and LTE-M Practical comparisons of power, coverage, latency, cost, and deployment models Guidance for selecting the right LPWAN technology for your application Emerging trends shaping the future of long-range IoT connectivity Clear, accessible, and grounded in real engineering practice, this Technical Brief helps you move beyond specifications and marketing claims to understand what matters most. If you’re building connected products that need to survive in the field — not just in the lab — this is the LPWAN guide you’ll want at your side. Elektor helped launch the first wave of electronics makers in 1961. Since then, our global community has grown by hundreds of thousands of active members (comprising professional engineers, makers, and students) and more than 500 contributing experts. Every day, we inspire members to design and earn money with electronics.

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here.

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This bundle gives you everything you need to get started right away with the XIAO ESP32-C3 development board. Learn the fundamentals of the ESP32-C3 and build practical projects with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, sensors, displays, PWM, Deep Sleep, and much more. Book: Build Smart Projects with the XIAO ESP32-C3 Board The XIAO ESP32-C3 board combines the ultra-compact form factor of the XIAO series with the full capabilities of the ESP32-C3 chip, including integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0. This book is a comprehensive, hands-on guide to getting the most out of this powerful yet affordable development board. The author takes readers from the fundamentals to advanced projects. Starting with LED blinking and dimming, the book progresses to ADC and PWM for precise sensor interfacing and PWM-controlled lighting effects before moving on to building practical, real-world applications, including: A Wi-Fi weather station with an OLED display and real-time online weather data An ultrasonic parking assistant with audible feedback A refrigerator monitoring probe with climate sensing and Deep Sleep for years of battery operation A retro Pong game controlled by a touch-free sensor A microphone-based party app that responds to claps And much more: lighting control, reaction-time measurement, mains frequency analysis, soil moisture sensing, ambient LED lighting, and 7-segment displays Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3 Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3 has equipped a highly-integrated ESP32-C3 chip, built around a 32-bit RISC-V chip processor with a four-stage pipeline that operates at up to 160 MHz. The board equips highly-integrated ESP32-C3 SoC. The chip has been installed with a complete 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi subsystem which means it supports Station mode, SoftAP mode, SoftAP & Station mode, and promiscuous mode for multiple Wi-Fi applications. It works under an ultra-low power state, also supporting features of Bluetooth 5 and Bluetooth mesh. There are 400 KB SRAM & 4 MB Flash on the chip, allowing for more programming space, and bringing more possibilities to the IoT control scenarios. Applications Internet of Things Wearable devices Health monitoring Education Low-Power networking Rapid prototyping Specifications Processor ESP32-C3 SoC RISC-V single-core 32-bit chip processor with a four-stage pipeline that operates at up to 160 MHz Wireless Complete 2.4GHz Wi-Fi subsystem Bluetooth Low Energy 5.0/ Bluetooth Mesh On-chip Memory 400 KB SRAM & 4 MB Flash Interface 1x UART, 1x I²C, 1x SPI, 11x GPIO (PWM), 4x ADC 1x Reset button, 1x Boot button Power (Typ.) Max 3.3 V Output Current: 500 mA Test Condition: BAT Pin Input @ 3.8 V Source Capability: 3 A Charging current: 380 mA(Fast) / 40 mA(Trickle) Input voltage (VIN): 5 VInput voltage (BAT): 3.7 V Deep Sleep Power Consumption Deep Sleep Mode: 44 μA Wi-Fi Enabled Power Consumption Active Mode: 75 mA Modem-sleep Mode: 25 mA Light-sleep Mode: 4 mA BLE Enabled Power Consumption Modem-sleep Mode: 27 mA Light-sleep Mode: 10 mA Dimensions 21 x 17.8 mm Included 1x Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3 1x Antenna 2x 7-pin header Downloads Wiki Datasheet This bundle contains: Book: Build Smart Projects with the XIAO ESP32-C3 Board (normal price: €35) Board: Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3 (normal price: €10)

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A Practical Guide to Tube Electronics Vacuum tubes continue to exert a special fascination. Their long-lasting operation, robustness, and characteristic behavior fundamentally distinguish them from modern semiconductor technology. Despite their age, tubes are by no means merely historical components; they are still used today in audio technology, measurement technology, and especially in hobbyist applications. This book is aimed at electronics enthusiasts and hobbyists who want to not only learn about and understand vacuum tubes in theory, but also use them in practice. It conveys the fundamentals of tube technology, explains the different designs and designations, shows typical circuits, and addresses power supplies, measurements, and safety-related aspects. The focus is on practical explanations and realistic examples from the workshop. Numerous tips help you avoid typical mistakes, build circuits, and understand tube devices and their construction. Basic knowledge of electronics is assumed. Vacuum Tubes: A Practical Guide to Tube Electronics offers an accessible and thorough introduction to tube technology – factual, comprehensible, and with a clear focus on practical applications.

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. A Current Source for Testing (Z-)DiodesChecking Z-Diodes from 1 to 54 V @ 1 to 50 mA ESD Strap TesterA Bench Tool with Pass, Borderline, and Fail Indication Power Supply Transient Response TesterA Repeatable Step-Load Generator for Bench Power Supplies Euclidean Sequencer Without a MicrocontrollerTrigger Patterns and CV Sequences with Simple CMOS Logic LED Flashing Light for Gates and More with an Audible Alert Need PCBs? The Elektor PCB Service Has You Covered. Toothbrush TimerUsing a Tiny PIC A Contactless Magnetic Combination LockWith the AS5600 Rotary Position Sensor Low-Noise Battery-Powered PreamplifierFor Dynamic Microphones The Arduino Nano TestLabMeasurement, Control, and Regulation Rhythmic Bass LightEmphasize the Rhythm of Your Music Low-Cut FilterNo Risk of Audio Feedback on Your System Precise 1 Hz Square Wave Generator for BreadboardsA Reliable CMOS-Based Clock Source 555 Upside DownDuty Cycles Down to Zero From Halfgeleidergids to Circuit Specials65 Years of Electronics Innovation Electrical IsolationCAN Interface with Digital Isolator and Power Module SpongillatorA Sponge-Based Oscillator True Random Number GeneratorWith Integrated Chi-Square Test 3D Viewer for HTML pagesSimple, and Almost Without Code Programming with TLScriptA Scripting Language for Measurement, Testing, and Control Circuit Design: Tips from Experts FeedbackWhat Is It and Why Is It Important? One Board, Endless Ideas: Arduino UNO QFrom Retro Gaming to Real-Time Environmental Monitoring How to Fix a Donut Antenna Standby KillerA Real On/Off Switch for Your TV Battery TestingMeasuring Batteries with the Arduino Nano Power Supply for Audio Power AmplifiersA Good Power Supply Without Mains Hum Prototyping Boards for RFFast Setups with DIY Prototyping Boards T3 Surge ProtectionA Type 3 Spike Suppressor for Your Sensitive Equipment IoT Room Thermostat BoardWith ESP32-C3/S3-Based Xiao MCU module From Rigid to SmartFlexible and Printed Electronics — Between Vision and Industrial Reality

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The story of the engineers who shaped the world's most powerful chip machines How do you transform a hopeless research and business activity into a billion-dollar machine and a world-leading company? The Dutch enterprise ASML pulled it off, and the book ASML’s Architects by renowned technology writer René Raaijmakers reveals exactly how. ASML's Architects travels back to the origins, struggles, success factors and sheer luck of a company that was barely alive at the beginning of the 80s, yet managed to become the uncontested world leader in chip lithography. Today, ASML determines the pace at which all information technology advances. The book covers the technology and the business, but the real story is in the people behind them. Throughout its pages, the interviewed engineers, scientists and managers speak frankly about their struggles, their fights and the grueling teamwork behind the scenes. Downloads Preface and Introduction The Violin Maker (Chapter 5) The Reunion (Chapter 23) A Movie for IBM (Chapter 64)

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High-Performance LoRa Communication Device The Elecrow ThinkNode M5 is a compact, portable LoRa communication device designed for off-grid messaging, location sharing, and outdoor use. Powered by an ESP32-S3 processor and an SX1262 LoRa chip, it comes pre-installed with Meshtastic firmware and can be configured conveniently via Bluetooth using the official Meshtastic app. The integrated multi-GNSS module supports GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and QZSS for reliable positioning and location sharing. Messages and device information are displayed on the energy-efficient 1.54-inch e-paper screen, while the built-in 1,200 mAh rechargeable battery enables extended mobile operation. With its integrated LoRa antenna, compact housing, RTC, and support for both Meshtastic and MeshCore firmware, the ThinkNode M5 is a practical communication solution for hiking, camping, remote locations, and emergency situations where conventional mobile networks are unavailable. Features LoRa communication Multi-GNSS positioning 1,200 mAh rechargeable battery 1.54-inch e-paper display Built-in RTC Compatible with MeshCore Compatible with Meshtastic Specifications Main Processor (ESP32-S3) CPU/SoC Xtensa 32-bit LX7 dual-core processor, clocked at up to 240 MHz System Memory 512 KB SRAM, 8 MB PSRAM Storage 4 MB Flash, 384 KB ROM Firmware Meshtastic firmware is fully compatible, and the signal is transmitted in LoRa mode EPD (Electronic Paper Display) Display Size 1.54 inch EPD (monochrome Ink screen) Display Materials E-lnk (Electronic Ink） Resolution 200 x 200 Driver Chip SSD1681 (via SPI or I²C interface) Global Fresh Time 2s Wireless Communication Bluetooth Bluetooth Low Energy and Bluetooth 5.0 (phone configuration) LoRa SX1262 LoRa Module, EU 868 MHz（external antenna） Hardware Interfaces USB-C, RP-SMA Function GPS Location (GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, QZSS), EPD Display, RTC, USB 2.0, PMU power management (built-in 1200 mAh lithium battery), buzzer, etc. Button Knob Switch, Function Button, Page Turn Button, GPS Switch, Reset Button LED Indicator Power supply, GPS/LoRa indication Others Power Input 5 V/1 A, supports USB or lithium battery power supply Power consumption The maximum working current is about 340 mA (CPU + LoRa module), and the low power consumption is about 34 uA Operating Temperature -10~50°C Storage Temperature -20~60°C Relative humidity 10-95%, @ 40°C (non-condensing) Enclosure ABS Plastic Dimensions 82 x 51.6 x 26.3 mm Weight 81 g Included 1x Elecrow ThinkNode M5 1x LoRa antenna 1x USB-C cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual

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All-in-One AI Learning and Development Platform for Edge Intelligence This NVIDIA Jetson-based AI Starter Kit is a versatile platform for learning, development, and hands-on experimentation in Edge AI. Designed for use with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano, the kit combines an 11.6-inch IPS display, an 8-megapixel pan-tilt camera, and an AI voice interaction system. It includes 30 functional modules and 38 carefully designed Python courses that progress from beginner to advanced level. The course content covers Python fundamentals, sensor technology, AI vision, and image recognition. With step-by-step practical exercises ranging from basic programming to real-world computer vision applications, this kit provides an ideal platform for students, makers, developers, and anyone looking to explore artificial intelligence and edge computing. Please note: The NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano is not included. Features Designed for the NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano AI voice interaction module 8 MP camera with pan-tilt control Supports object and face tracking No soldering or complex wiring required Built-in 11.6-inch IPS display 30 functional modules 38 step-by-step Python lessons I²C, UART, and GPIO expansion interfaces Portable carrying case included Specifications Main Processor Jetson Orin Nano Number of Sensors 30 Sensor Board Design Integrated sensor board, no soldering or complex wiring required Screen 11.6-inch IPS Screen Screen Resolution 1366 x 768 Camera IMX219 8MP Expansion Interfaces 2x I²C, 1x UART, 1x IO D13, 1xIO D12 Programming Environment Based on Python Number of Tutorials 38 creative tutorials Target Audience Students, teachers, hardware enthusiasts Application Scenarios Ideal for learning AI programming, Jetson Orin Nano basics Dimensions 300 x 200 x 100 mm Module List Module Quantity Temperature & Humidity Sensor 1 pcs Button 4 pcs Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor 1 pcs Light Sensor 1 pcs Linear Potentiometer 1 pcs Buzzer 1 pcs LCD 1 pcs Infrared Remote 1 pcs Relay 1 pcs NFC 1 pcs PIR Motion Sensor 1 pcs Joystick 1 pcs 4-Digital Display 1 pcs LED 1 pcs Microphone 1 pcs Speaker 1 pair Vibration Motor 1 pcs Touch Sensor 1 pcs 8x8 RGB Matrix 1 pcs Atmospheric pressure sensor 1 pcs Tilt Switch 1 pcs Stepper Motor 1 pcs Accelerometer & Gyro 1 pcs Gas Sensor (MQ2) 1 pcs Hall Sensor 1 pcs Rotary Encoder 1 pcs U-shaped photoelectric switch 1 pcs NTC 1 pcs Servo 2 pcs Monocular camera 1 pcs Included 1x Elecrow AI Starter Kit for Jetson Orin Nano 1x IR Remote Control 1x NFC Card 1x 128 GB SD Card 1x 40-pin GPIO Cable 2x 22-pin FPC Cable 2x 24-pin FPC Cable 1x Jetson DP & USB Adapter Board Not included NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano Downloads Manual Wiki OpenClaw Install and Config Guide

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The FNIRSI TMP-610S is a compact 3-in-1 test instrument combining a True RMS multimeter, 10 MHz oscilloscope, and 50 kHz DDS signal generator. It is designed for electronics troubleshooting, circuit testing, and development in the lab or on the go. The multimeter offers 60,000-count resolution and supports voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, frequency, temperature, diode, and continuity measurements. The integrated oscilloscope provides real-time waveform analysis at up to 48 MSa/s, while the signal generator supports 13 waveform types with adjustable frequency, amplitude, and duty cycle. A 3.5-inch IPS touchscreen, smart auto-scan, Bluetooth connectivity for DMM functions, waveform storage, USB export, and a 3,000 mAh rechargeable battery make the TMP-610S a versatile all-in-one tool for electronics professionals and enthusiasts. Features 3-in-1 Design: DMM + Oscilloscope + Signal Generator 60,000-Count True RMS High-Precision Measurement 10 MHz Oscilloscope with 48 MSa/s Sampling Rate Bluetooth App Sync (Multimeter Function Only) 3.5-inch Smart Touchscreen with Multiple Display Modes 50 kHz DDS Signal Generator with 13 Waveforms Built-in Fuse for Easy Replacement Specifications Multimeter Function Range Accuracy DC voltage 600mV/6V/60V/600V/1000V ±(0.03%+5d) AC voltage 600mV/6V/60V /600V/750V ±(0.3%+15d) DC current 600uA/6000uA/60mA/600mA ±(0.15%+5d) 6A/10A ±(0.2%+5d) AC current 600uA/6000uA/60mA/600mA ±(0.5%+15d) 6A/10A ±(0.75%+15d) Resistance 600Ω/6KΩ/60KΩ/600KΩ/6MΩ ±(0.1%+5d) 60MΩ ±(0.2%+10d) Capacitance 60nF/600nF/6uF/60uF ±(2.5%+30d) 600uF/6mF/60mF ±(3.5%+30d Frequency 10 Hz~60 MHz ±(0.01%+5d) Temperature -40℃~1000℃ ±(1.0%+5℃) Continuity 0Ω~1KΩ ±(0.2%+5d) Diode 0V~3.0V, 0Ω~1 Ω ±(1%+5d) AC frequency response 10KHz / Oscilloscope Real-time Sampling Rate 48 MSa/s Analog Bandwidth 10 MHz Input Impedance 1MΩ Coupling Mode AC/DC Test Voltage Range 1:1 Probe - 80Vpp (±40V） 10:1 Probe - 800Vpp (±400V） Vertical Sensitivity 10mV/div~10V/div Vertical Displacement  Adjustable with indication Horizontal Time Base Range 50 ns ~ 20 s Trigger Mode Auto, Normal, Single Trigger Type Rising, Falling, 50% Trigger Level Adjustable with indication Measurement Parameters Freq, Period, +Duty, ‒Duty, +Width, ‒Width, Max, Min, P‒P, Amp, RMS, Avg Persistence Off / 500ms / 1s / ∞ Cursor Measurement Yes Waveform Screenshot Saving Yes Signal Generator Output Waveform Supports 13 waveform types Frequency 0~50kHz Amplitude 0.0V~3.0V Duty Cycle 0~100%, adjustable for Square and Sawtooth waves Included 1x FNIRSI TMP-610S Multimeter + Oscilloscope + Signal Generator 1x P6100 Probe 1x Adapter 2x Alligator Clips 2x Multimeter Probes Probe Accessories 1x Storage Bag 1x USB-C Cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual

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Practical Projects in Analog, Audio and Beyond Discover a remarkable collection of more than 450 electronics projects published in Elektor Magazine and carefully selected by renowned Elektor Lab engineer Ton Giesberts. The USB drive brings together a wide variety of circuits, designs, and practical project ideas created by numerous Elektor authors and engineers over the years. Covering a broad range of electronics topics, this extensive archive is a valuable source of knowledge and inspiration for engineers, makers, students, and electronics enthusiasts. More than 450 selected Elektor projects Carefully compiled by Elektor engineer Ton Giesberts Ideal for building, experimenting, and discovering new ideas Explore decades of Elektor expertise in one comprehensive project collection. Highlights Q-Watt Audio Power Fortissimo-100 High-End Amplifier Buffer Board for the Raspberry Pi 400 USB-to-Multi-Protocol Serial Converter DDS Function Generator AC/DC Power Meter Charge-a-Phone Specifications Storage 8 GB Connectors 1x USB-A1x USB-C System requirements PC with Adobe Reader 7.0 or higher Web browser

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. MultiRF Dev BoardA Platform for Evaluating Short- and Long-Range Wireless Protocols Elektor at 65Disrupting Electronics Since 1961 Wi-Fi-Based Person Detection on an ESP32When Your Router Becomes a Motion Sensor Wireless ScalesFour Small Scales = One Big Scale Walter, the Compact IoT ModuleESP32-S3 SoC, LTE-M/NB-IoT 5G Modem, and GNSS Receiver 3- and 4-Wire RTD Sensors ConditioningWith Full-Scale Adjustment and Cable Compensation 3-in-1 2-Channel Oscilloscope/Generator/MultimeterA Review of The Fnirsi 2D15P electronica Fast Forward 2026 Invites Startups and Industry Partners EcologgingA Modular Environmental IoT Station for Field Research Wireless Connectivity in Medical ApplicationsAlways on the Pulse with Bluetooth LE AudiotronicsHum Reduction Increasing Agricultural Efficiency with AI Modeling and SensorsBoosting Agricultural Productivity OPC UA — An OverviewPlatform-Independent Data Exchange Redox Meter Instrumentation Amplifier for Physics and Engineering Experiments Active Differential Audio FiltersFor Professional Crossovers and More Elektor Community Perspectives on IoT & Sensors Telegram-Controlled Water Heater Interface ModuleA Solution Based on an ESP32 and Arduino Software 2026: An AI OdysseyWhatever Happened to Fuzzy Logic? Err-lectronics Alarm Signal Injector Plus PowerTools for Finding Broken Wires

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Programming with GNU Radio HackRF is an open-source hardware platform developed by Great Scott Gadgets and serves as a versatile front end for software-defined radio (SDR). With HackRF One and its successor, HackRF Pro, users can develop their own SDR applications, build powerful receivers and transmitters, and tackle demanding RF measurement tasks. This book provides a practical introduction to the world of SDR. Step by step, the author shows how powerful SDR projects can be implemented with HackRF – from the fundamentals of RF technology to advanced applications using GNU Radio. In addition to working with SDR Sharp (SDR#), RadioConda, and GNU Radio, the book also covers the fundamentals of modern digital signal processing. Numerous experiments and easy-to-follow practical examples guide readers through topics such as AM, FM, and SSB reception, digital filters, shortwave radio, amateur radio, signal generators, and custom RF projects up to 6 GHz. Whether you are a maker, radio amateur, electronics enthusiast, or SDR beginner, this book provides solid knowledge, practical applications, and the motivation to creatively explore the possibilities of modern SDR technology.

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The FNIRSI TDM-120P is a thermal imaging multimeter that combines thermal imaging technology with traditional multimeter functions, delivering more comprehensive and intuitive test results for electrical testing and related applications. It is widely used in fields such as electrical engineering, industrial manufacturing, construction, and security monitoring. The TDM-120P provides reliable technical support for equipment testing, fault diagnosis, and maintenance management, helping to improve production efficiency, product quality, and overall safety. Features 2-in-1: Thermal Imager + True RMS Multimeter (19,999 Counts) 120 x 90 HD Imaging | <60 mK High Thermal Sensitivity -20°C to 400°C (-4°F to 752°F) Temperature Range | 0.01–1.00 Adjustable Emissivity 2.8" LCD Touch Screen | 7 Color Palettes | One-Click Save & USB Export Full Multimeter Functions: AC/DC Voltage, Resistance, and Capacitance Wide Application: HVAC, Leak Detection, Electrical & Automotive Repair Specifications 7 Color Palettes Arctic / Hot Iron / Iron Red / Rainbow / Lava / Black Hot / White Hot Detector Type Vanadium oxide Field of View 50° Screen 2.8-inch LCD touchscreen Frame Rate ≤25 Hz Infrared Resolution 120 x 90 Temperature Measurement Display Center point, automatic high/low temperature tracking Temperature Range -20°C ~ 400°C (-4°F ~ 752°F) Temperature Unit °C / °F Accuracy ±2°C or ±2% (maximum value measured) High/Low Temperature Alarm Yes Emissivity 0.01-1 adjustable Languages English, Chinese Multimeter DC Voltage Range: 1.9999V / 19.999V / 199.99V / 1000V Accuracy: ±(0.5% +3) AC Voltage Range: 1.9999V / 19.999V / 199.99V / 750.0V Accuracy: ±(1% +3) Resistance Range: 19.999MΩ / 1.9999MΩ / 199.99KΩ / 19.999KΩ Accuracy: ±(0.5% +3) Range: 1.9999KΩ / 199.99Ω Accuracy: ±(2.0% +3) Capacitance Range: 999.9μF / 99.99μF / 9.999μF / 999.9nF / 99.99nF / 9.999nF Accuracy: ±(2.0% +5) Range: 9.999mF / 99.99mF Accuracy: ±(5.0% +20) Diode Yes Continuity Yes Included 1x FNIRSI TDM-120P Thermal Imaging Multimeter 2x Multimeter Test Leads 1x Storage bag 1x USB cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware v1.2.6

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The FNIRSI GC-03 is a multifunctional radiation detector designed for professional nuclear radiation measurement in everyday environments such as the home, office, car, and outdoors. Equipped with a 2.4-inch high-definition color display, it provides real-time monitoring of nuclear radiation as well as electric and magnetic field strength. For added safety, the device features three alarm modes: audible alert, vibration, and visual light warning. Features 3-in-1 Detection: Monitors electric, magnetic, and nuclear radiation with one device. High-Precision GM Tube: Accurately detects gamma, X-rays, and hard beta radiation with low power consumption. Real-Time Curve + 50 Alarm Records: Tracks radiation trends and stores alarm history for easy review. Custom Triple Alarms: Supports visual, audible, and vibration alerts with adjustable thresholds. Long Battery Life: 1500 mAh battery for extended and reliable field use. Specifications Nuclear Radiation Range: 0.01μSv/h-999.99μSv/h Accuracy: 0.01μSv/h Electric Field Range: 1V/m-1999V/m Accuracy: 1V/m Magnetic Field Range: 0.01μT-99.99μT Accuracy: 0.01μT Radiation Power 0.2-1000mW/m² Detection Radiation Type Ionizing radiation (gamma rays, etc.) Detector Energy compensation GM tube (Geiger counter tube) Dose Current Rate 0.00-10000μSv/h (10mSv/h) Cumulative Dose Equivalent 0.00μSv-500.0mSv Energy Range 48keV-1.5MeV ≤ ±30% (for 137Cs-) Sensitivity 80CPM/μSv Dose Unit μSv/h, uGy/h, mR/h, CPS, CPM Alarm Mode Light, vibration, sound Display 2.4-inch color screen Backlight Brightness Adjustable Power Supply USB-C (5 V/1 A) Battery 1500 mAh Languages English, Chinese Dimensions 138 x 63 x 32 mm Weight 141 g Included 1x FNIRSI GC-03 Radiation Detector 1x USB cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware v1.0.4

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This bundle contains the AI Fusion Lab Kit – which includes over 450 components – and the book Physical AI with Raspberry Pi, offering a comprehensive, hands-on introduction to AI, electronics, and Python programming. Build practical projects that combine computer vision, voice interaction, sensors, motors, and large language models. The included book guides you step by step from Raspberry Pi setup and hardware control to advanced applications using OpenCV, MediaPipe, YOLO, OpenAI services, and local Ollama models. SunFounder AI Fusion Lab Kit for Raspberry Pi (450+ parts) The AI Fusion Lab Kit transforms a Raspberry Pi into a complete platform for learning artificial intelligence, electronics, and Python programming. It supports Raspberry Pi 5, 4B, 3B+, 3B, and Zero 2 W, as well as popular AI models and services including ChatGPT, Gemini, Grok, DeepSeek, Qwen, Doubao, and Ollama. With its camera, Pan-Tilt HAT, 10-axis sensor module, microphone, speaker, and electronic components, the kit enables users to build interactive AI projects that combine voice, vision, movement, and sensor data. It is suitable for beginners, students, makers, and anyone who wants to explore practical AI applications. Build Multimodal AI Projects Combine large language models with speech recognition, text-to-speech, camera vision, sensors, and breadboard circuits. Create projects that can listen, speak, see, react, and interact with their environment while learning how modern AI systems work. Explore AI Vision and Object Tracking Use YOLO, OpenCV, and MediaPipe to detect and track objects, colors, faces, and human movement. The motorized Pan-Tilt HAT allows the camera to follow targets automatically, demonstrating how computer vision and motion control work together. Voice AI with the Fusion HAT+ The Fusion HAT+ simplifies hardware control through a unified Python library and supports safe Raspberry Pi shutdown. Its integrated microphone and speaker make it easy to develop voice-controlled assistants and other conversational AI applications. Compatible with Raspberry Pi 5, 4B, 3B+, 3B, and Zero 2 W Supports multiple cloud-based and local AI models Includes camera, Pan-Tilt HAT, 10DOF module, microphone, and speaker Projects covering voice AI, computer vision, sensors, and electronics Video lessons, documentation, and sample code Book: Physical AI with Raspberry Pi Using the Raspberry Pi and the AI Fusion Lab Kit, this book takes you step by step from the fundamentals of hardware interfacing to the development of intelligent systems capable of seeing, listening, speaking, and making decisions. Whether you are a student, educator, maker, or professional engineer, you will gain valuable experience through projects designed to build both knowledge and confidence. Beginning with system setup, GPIO programming, sensors, displays, motors, and automation techniques, the book gradually introduces more advanced topics, including speech recognition, text-to-speech synthesis, conversational AI, object recognition, and machine learning. Along the way, you will learn how to create voice-controlled devices, intelligent assistants, camera tracking systems, environmental monitoring solutions, and AI-powered embedded applications. Explore modern technologies such as OpenAI services, Ollama local large language models, OpenCV, MediaPipe, and YOLO object detection while gaining practical experience with real-world applications used in robotics, industrial automation, smart devices, and autonomous systems. You’ll discover how intelligent software can interact with sensors, cameras, motors, and displays to create systems that respond naturally to the world around them. Rather than simply following code examples, you will be encouraged to experiment, customize, and expand every project. The techniques and skills developed throughout this book provide a solid foundation for future innovation, rapid prototyping, research, and product development. If you are ready to move beyond traditional electronics and explore the future of intelligent embedded systems, this book will guide you every step of the way. This bundle contains: SunFounder AI Fusion Lab Kit for Raspberry Pi (normal price: €100) Book: Physical AI with Raspberry Pi (normal price: €45) Not included Raspberry Pi

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Principles, Design, and Real-World Applications of Modern Photonics Light shapes our world—from the glow of a simple LED to the precision of a laser beam and the immense power of the sun. LEDs, Lasers, and Sunlight – Principles, Design, and Real-World Applications of Modern Photonics is your comprehensive guide to understanding, designing, and applying modern light technologies. This book takes you on a journey from the fundamentals of photonics—covering the nature of light, optical laws, and color theory—to real-world engineering with today’s most important light sources. You’ll explore how LEDs work, how to design efficient lighting systems, and how to tackle practical challenges such as thermal management, power supply design, and optical performance. Beyond illumination, the book opens doors to specialized applications: horticultural lighting for plant growth, infrared and ultraviolet technologies, modern display systems from LCD to MicroLED, and the fascinating world of lasers—from their physics to their use in medicine, industry, and communication. It also connects light engineering to sustainability through solar energy and thermal radiation. Written with a strong practical focus, this book bridges theory and application. Whether you are an engineer, student, or advanced hobbyist, you’ll gain the tools to turn concepts into working solutions—from selecting components to building complete systems. If you want to understand light not just as a phenomenon, but as a powerful engineering tool, this book will illuminate the way.

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. PbMonitor v2.0 UpdateBattery Monitoring with Improved Analog Design Audio Latency MeasurementA Standalone Tool for Evaluating Errors and Latency in Audio Transmission Square Wave vs. Bode PlotChecking the Performances of an Audio Device embedded world 2026 Clever Coding with AIAI in Software Development for Electronics Engineers QA403 Audio AnalyzerAffordable Precision for Audio Professionals and Hobbyists EasyGimbalAutonomous Camera Tracking with AI, Stepper and Servo Motors Sigfox Breakout Board (2)Sending Messages Circuit ProtectionControlling Overvoltages with TVS Diodes Emerging Battery Testing ApproachesA New Era of Diagnostics AudiotronicsA First Preamplifier CANopenTermAn Open-Source Tool That Brings CAN to Makers and Engineers Alike Stabilization of Operational AmplifiersAvoiding Feedback Instability Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Signal ConditioningTips and Tricks to Fit Voltage Ranges TDR Attachment for OscilloscopesLength, Short Circuit, Mismatch: Measure Cables Using Reflections! From Life's ExperienceLED It Be Speaker Oscillator and Resonance TesterA Fully Experimental Project for Your Speakers Elektor Community Perspectives on Test and Measurement ESP32 Audio Transceiver Board (Part 5)Audio Processing and Remote Control 2026: An AI OdysseyAI Has a Context Problem Battery Storage for Balcony Power PlantsSmall Batteries, Big Impact

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Build Smart Applications with Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP32 Discover how easy and exciting mobile app development can be with MIT App Inventor. This hands-on guide takes you from basic concepts to building real-world mobile applications using a simple visual programming approach—no prior coding experience required. You will create IoT and AI-powered apps for Android devices and explore how App Inventor can also be used with iPhones and iPads. Connect your applications to platforms such as Arduino UNO R4 WiFi, ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico (2)W and Raspberry Pi 5, enabling you to build smart, connected systems. Inside the book, you will learn how to: Build interactive apps using buttons, images, sound, and multimedia Create text-to-speech and speech-recognition applications Develop camera-based and location-aware (GPS) apps Design useful tools such as calculators and educational apps Work with smartphone sensors like accelerometers and light sensors Build AI-powered applications, including voice assistants and image-generation features Send and receive messages, and create communication-based apps Connect mobile apps to hardware using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Control real devices such as LEDs, motors, and sensors Designed for beginners, students, and hobbyists, this book focuses on learning by doing. By the end, you will have the skills and confidence to create your own innovative applications that interact with both the digital and physical worlds. Start building and turning your ideas into reality.

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This hands-on bundle lets you build real Edge AI applications with the Raspberry Pi Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ (13 TOPS) The Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ (13 TOPS) is an expansion board designed for the Raspberry Pi 5, featuring an integrated Hailo AI accelerator. This add-on offers a cost-effective, efficient, and accessible approach to incorporating high-performance AI capabilities, with applications spanning process control, security, home automation, and robotics. The AI HAT+ connects via the Raspberry Pi 5’s PCIe Gen3 interface. When the Raspberry Pi 5 is running a current version of the Raspberry Pi OS, it automatically detects the onboard Hailo accelerator, making the neural processing unit (NPU) available for AI tasks. Additionally, the rpicam-apps camera applications included in Raspberry Pi OS seamlessly support the AI module, automatically using the NPU for compatible post-processing functions. Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 is a compact camera from Raspberry Pi. It offers an IMX708 12-megapixel sensor with HDR, and features phase detection autofocus. Camera Module 3 is available in standard and wide-angle variants, both of which are available with or without an infrared cut filter. Camera Module 3 can be used to take full HD video as well as stills photographs, and features an HDR mode up to 3 megapixels. Its operation is fully supported by the libcamera library, including Camera Module 3’s rapid autofocus feature: this makes it easy for beginners to use, while offering plenty for advanced users. Camera Module 3 is compatible with all Raspberry Pi computers. Book: Edge AI Made Practical – AI Projects for the Raspberry Pi with the AI HAT+ Edge AI is transforming everyday devices by putting intelligence where it matters most: directly inside the hardware. With on-device inference, a camera can recognize a visitor instantly, a phone can translate speech without streaming audio to the cloud, and a wearable can detect anomalies in real time—fast, private, and reliable even when the network disappears. This book is your practical guide to building exactly those kinds of systems with the Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ and the Hailo-8L accelerator. You’ll start with clear foundations: core AI and machine-learning concepts, how neural networks work, and what truly distinguishes Edge AI from cloud AI—plus an honest look at ethical considerations and future impacts. This bundle contains: Book: Edge AI Made Practical Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ (13 TOPS) Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 Active Cooler for Raspberry Pi 5 FPC Display Cable for Raspberry Pi 5 (300 mm) Elektor Component Kit 40-pin GPIO Header Traffic Light Module LED red 5 V with built-in resistor LED yellow 5 V with built-in resistor LED green 5 V with built-in resistor LED blue 5 V with built-in resistor Breadboard (400 Tie-points) 10 Dupont wires male-female DHT22 sensor module Servo motor Required Raspberry Pi 5

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This bundle includes the Arduino UNO Q (2 GB) and the book "Arduino UNO Q and AI". The Arduino UNO Q is the first UNO board with a hybrid dual-brain architecture, combining a powerful Linux processor with a real-time microcontroller – bringing advanced computing and precise control together on one board. Powered by a Qualcomm Dragonwing QRB2210 MPU running Debian Linux and a STM32U585 MCU for real-time tasks, the UNO Q is built for next-generation applications. From Edge Computing and AI to robotics and automation, it delivers high performance without sacrificing ease of use. Simply connect your peripherals and get started – no extra hardware required. Features Dual-core architecture: Linux MPU + real-time MCU Qualcomm Dragonwing QRB2210 with Debian Linux support STM32U585 microcontroller for deterministic control Runs Arduino sketches via Zephyr OS Ideal for AI, IoT, robotics, and industrial projects Specifications Microprocessor (MPU) Qualcomm Dragonwing QRB2210:Quad-core Arm Cortex-A53 @ 2.0 GHzAdreno GPU 3D graphics accelerator2× ISP (13 MP + 13 MP or 25 MP) @ 30 fps Microcontroller (MCU) STM32U585Arm Cortex-M33 up to 160 MHz2 MB flash memory786 KB SRAM RAM 2 GB LPDDR4 Power Supply From USB-C connector 5 V max at 3 AInput Voltage (VIN): 7-24 V Storage 16 GB eMMC USB 1× USB-C port with host/device role switching, power role switch and video output Connectivity Wi-Fi 5 (2.4/5 GHz) with onboard antennaBluetooth 5.1 with onboard antenna Interfaces I²C/I³CSPIPWMCANUARTPSSIGPIOJTAGADC Video Video output support via USB-CMIPI DSI pins on JMEDIA header Extra 4× RGB user-controllable LEDs8×13 Blue LED Matrix1× Qwiic connector voltage 3V3, I²C1× User push-buttonJCTL: MPU Remote Debug connector Audio Microphone IN / Headphone OUT / Line OUT on JMISC MPU Operating System Linux Debian OS with upstream support Real-time Operating System Arduino Core on Zephyr OS Containerization Docker and Docker Compose support Support Operating Systems for Arduino App Lab Windows: Windows 10 or later (64-bit)macOS: macOS 11 or later (64-bit)Linux: Ubuntu 22.04 or later, and Debian Trixie (64-bit) Dimensions 68.85 × 53.34 mm (UNO form factor) Downloads Datasheet User Manual Pinout Schematics Book: Arduino UNO Q and AI – Learn to Build Intelligent Embedded Systems Build smarter embedded systems with Arduino UNO Q. This book gives you the tools, knowledge, and confidence to turn ideas into intelligent, working solutions using the Arduino UNO Q platform. Discover how to build intelligent embedded systems with the Arduino UNO Q and AI. Unlock the full potential of the Arduino UNO Q, a next-generation platform that combines the real-time power of the STM32U585 microcontroller with the flexibility of a Qualcomm Dragonwing QRB2210 microprocessor. Learn how to rapidly prototype real-world applications using the Arduino IDE for low-level embedded control and Python in Arduino App Lab for high-level development. Build confidence through hands-on projects that guide you step by step from basic board features to complete working systems. Explore ready-to-use, AI based Arduino App Lab examples and see how they can jump-start your development and reduce time to deployment. Step into the world of Edge AI with a clear, practical introduction to Edge Impulse Studio—no prior AI experience required. Follow a complete, real-world workflow to create a Keyword Spotting AI application, covering data collection, model training, optimization, and on-device inference using the Edge Impulse Studio. Bridge the gap between embedded systems and machine learning and learn how to bring intelligence directly onto your hardware. Perfect for embedded engineers, educators, students, and makers looking to stay ahead in AI-enabled product development. This bundle contains: Arduino UNO Q (2 GB) (normal price: €50) Book: Arduino UNO Q and AI (normal price: €35)

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More than 475 Audio Circuits from 30 Years of Elektor This USB Stick contains over 475 different audio circuits from the volumes 1995-2025 of Elektor. The article search feature allows you to search full-text content. The results are always displayed as pre-formatted PDF documents. Highlights Surround-sound decoder Compact amp Sampling rate converter Battery powered preamplifier Titan 2000 amplifier Crescendo Millennium amplifier Audio-DAC/ADC IR-S/PDFI receiver and transmitter High-End Power Amp Hi-fi Wireless Headset Paraphase Tone Control and more… On the Stick you will also find a folder with additional material such as PCB layouts, Gerber files and software. Specifications Storage 16 GB Interfaces 1x USB-A1x USB-C System requirements PC with Adobe Reader 7.0 or higher Web browser

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Practical Low-Cost Methods for Reliable PCB Production This book explains how to carry out reliable SMD assembly using affordable tools and small-scale equipment. It follows the complete workflow step by step, including tool selection, solder paste handling, stencil use, component placement, reflow methods, inspection, and rework. The focus is on bench-level and small-lab production rather than industrial assembly lines. It shows practical methods for building single and double-sided SMD boards with repeatable results. Topics include solder paste and flux, temperature profiles, hot air and hotplate techniques, small reflow ovens, inspection methods, and defect correction. Checklists and example workflows are included to help reduce errors and improve consistency. Key features: Tools and supplies for SMD assembly and rework Solder paste types, storage, and handling Stencils and paste application methods Pick and place workflow and component orientation Temperature profiles and reflow methods Hot air, hotplate, and reflow oven processes Inspection and quality control Common defects such as tombstoning and solder bridges Practical rework and component replacement Bench-level professional workflows and checklists This book is designed as a practical bench reference for anyone who wants to assemble and troubleshoot their own SMD boards with reliable results.

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From SRPP and Mu-Follower to OTL Designs Tube amplifiers suffer from distortion. Fortunately, circuits such as the SRPP amplifier, mu-follower, and beta-follower produce minimal distortion even at output voltages of 50 to 100 Vpeak. These designs are often published with errors. Without a sound understanding of the theory, it is easy to arrive at a flawed design. In the first section of this book, we investigate the origin of distortion, while in the second we investigate the design of and SRPP and a mu-follower. On the internet we can find the most exotic designs. Evaluating them teaches us that these designs often make matters worse rather than better. In the chapter on incorrect SRPPs and mu-followers, we sometimes see bizarre and misguided designs where using a simple single-triode amplifier would perform much better. Push-pull output stages also exist. A great number of them are examined, and their similarity to the SRPP is discussed. This is done especially with the help of the theory behind the OTL based on the ‘mother’ of all OTLs, the Philips HF303. Finally, attention is given to frequency characteristics and technical matters such as the supply voltage and the filament power supply. To illustrate these points, there are a few designs covering the subjects discussed. This book presents much new theory that has not been published before. It is often an eye-opener, showing that many things have a beautiful and unexpected simplicity.

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The FNIRSI SWM-20 handheld spot welder is a high-efficiency, user-friendly, and easy-to-carry welding tool. It features dual-pulse spot welding technology, ensuring more stable and reliable welds, and also includes a convenient power bank function. Equipped with a 2.4-inch HD display, the SWM-20 offers clear and intuitive operation. Its rotary encoder knob allows users to adjust parameters quickly and precisely, making it easy to set the required welding settings and improving the overall user experience. Features 2-in-1: Spot Welder & 5000 mAh Power Bank 1200 A High-Power Output for Strong, Reliable Welds Dual-Pulse Technology for Cleaner & More Stable Welding Dual A-Grade Batteries with 8 Safety Protections 0.1–0.5 mm Multi-Material Welding Capability 10,000+ Precision Adjustment Levels for Professional Control 2.4-inch TFT Display with Real-Time Data Monitoring Specifications Max Welding Current 1200 A Battery Capacity 5000 mAh Charging 5 V/2.1 A Discharging 5 V/2.1 A Welding Materials Nickel, Iron, Stainless Steel Welding Thickness 0.1‒0.5 mm Level 4 Preset Combination Levels Dimensions 13.3 x 8.8 x 3.2 cm Weight 850 g Included 1x FNIRSI SWM-20 Spot Welder 2x Welding Pens 2x Replacement Tips 1x Nickel Strip 1x USB-C Cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual

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