This collection features the best of Elektor Magazine's articles on embedded systems and artificial intelligence. From hands-on programming guides to innovative AI experiments, these pieces offer valuable insights and practical knowledge for engineers, developers, and enthusiasts exploring the evolving intersection of hardware design, software innovation, and intelligent technology. Contents Programming PICs from the Ground UpAssembler routine to output a sine wave Object-Oriented ProgrammingA Short Primer Using C++ Programming an FPGA Tracking Down Microcontroller Buffer Overflows with 0xDEADBEEF Too Quick to Code and Too Slow to Test? Understanding the Neurons in Neural NetworksEmbedded Neurons MAUI Programming for PC, Tablet, and SmartphoneThe New Framework in Theory and Practice USB Killer DetectorBetter Safe Than Sorry Understanding the Neurons in Neural NetworksArtificial Neurons A Bare-Metal Programming Guide Part 1: For STM32 and Other Controllers Part 2: Accurate Timing, the UART, and Debugging Part 3: CMSIS Headers, Automatic Testing, and a Web Server Introduction to TinyMLBig Is Not Always Better Microprocessors for Embedded SystemsPeculiar Parts, the Series FPGAs for BeginnersThe Path From MCU to FPGA Programming AI in Electronics DevelopmentAn Update After Only One Year AI in the Electronics LabGoogle Bard and Flux Copilot Put to the Test ESP32 and ChatGPTOn the Way to a Self-Programming System… Audio DSP FX Processor Board Part 1: Features and Design Part 2: Creating Applications Rust + EmbeddedA Development Power Duo A Smart Object CounterImage Recognition Made Easy with Edge Impulse Universal Garden LoggerA Step Towards AI Gardening A VHDL ClockMade with ChatGPT TensorFlow Lite on Small MicrocontrollersA (Very) Beginner’s Point of View Mosquito DetectionUsing Open Datasets and Arduino Nicla Vision Artificial Intelligence Timeline Intro to AI AlgorithmsPrompt: Which Algorithms Implement Each AI Tool? Bringing AI to the Edgewith ESP32-P4 The Growing Role of Edge AIA Trend Shaping the Future

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For Speed, Area, Power, and Reliability This book teaches the fundamentals of FPGA operation, covering basic CMOS transistor theory to designing digital FPGA chips using LUTs, flip-flops, and embedded memories. Ideal for electrical engineers aiming to design large digital chips using FPGA technology. Discover: The inner workings of FPGA architecture and functionality. Hardware Description Languages (HDL) like Verilog and VHDL. The EDA tool flow for converting HDL source into a functional FPGA chip design. Insider tips for reliable, low power, and high performance FPGA designs. Example designs include: Computer-to-FPGA UART serial communication. An open-source Sump3 logic analyzer implementation. A fully functional graphics controller. What you need: Digilent BASYS3 or similar FPGA eval board with an AMD/Xilinx FPGA. Vivado EDA tool suite (available for download from AMD website free of charge). Project source files available from author’s GitHub site.

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Learn KiCad with Peter Dalmaris The Academy Pro Box "Design PCBs like a Pro" offers a complete, structured training programme in PCB design, combining online learning with practical application. Based on Peter Dalmaris’ KiCad course, the 15-week programme integrates video lessons, printed materials (2 books), and hands-on projects to ensure participants not only understand the theory but also develop the skills to apply it in practice. Unlike standard courses, the Academy Pro Box provides a guided learning path with weekly milestones and physical components to design, test, and produce working PCBs. This approach supports a deeper learning experience and better knowledge retention. The box is ideal for engineers, students, and professionals who want to develop practical PCB design expertise using open-source tools. With the added option to have their final project manufactured, participants complete the programme with real results – ready for use, testing, or further development. Learn by doing Build skills. Design real boards. Generate Gerbers. Place your first order. This isn’t just a course – it’s a complete project journey from idea to product. You’ll walk away with: Working knowledge of KiCad’s tools Confidence designing your own PCBs A fully manufacturable circuit board – made by you What's inside the Box (Course)? Both volumes of "KiCad Like a Pro" (valued at €105) Vol 1: Fundamentals and Projects Vol 2: Advanced Projects and Recipes Coupon code to join the bestselling KiCad 9 online course by Peter Dalmaris on Udemy, featuring 20+ hours of video training. You'll complete three full design projects: Breadboard Power Supply Tiny Solar Power Supply Datalogger with EEPROM and Clock Voucher from Eurocircuits for the production of PCBs (worth €85 excl. VAT) Learning Material (of this Box/Course) 15-Week Learning Program ▶  Click here to open Week 1: Setup, Fundamentals, and First Steps in PCB Design Week 2: Starting Your First PCB Project – Schematic Capture Week 3: PCB Layout – From Netlist to Board Design Week 4: Design Principles, Libraries, and Workflow Week 5: Your First Real-World PCB Project Week 6: Custom Libraries – Symbols, Footprints, and Workflow Week 7: Advanced Tools – Net Classes, Rules, Zones, Routing Week 8: Manufacturing Files, BOMs, and PCB Ordering Week 9: Advanced Finishing Techniques – Graphics, Refinement, and Production Quality Week 10: Tiny Solar Power Supply – From Schematic to Layout Week 11: Tiny Solar Power Supply – PCB Layout and Production Prep Week 12: ESP32 Clone Project – Schematic Design and Layout Prep Week 13: ESP32 Clone – PCB Layout and Manufacturing Prep Week 14: Final Improvements and Advanced Features Week 15: Productivity Tools, Simulation, and Automation KiCad Course with 18 Lessons on Udemy (by Peter Dalmaris) ▶  Click here to open Introduction Getting started with PCB design Getting started with KiCad Project: A hands-on tour of KiCad (Schematic Design) Project: A hands-on tour of KiCad (Layout) Design principles and PCB terms Design workflow and considerations Fundamental KiCad how-to: Symbols and Eeschema Fundamental KiCad how-to: Footprints and Pcbnew Project: Design a simple breadboard power supply PCB Project: Tiny Solar Power Supply Project: MCU datalogger with build-in 512K EEPROM and clock Recipes KiCad 9 new features and improvements Legacy (from previous versions of KiCad) KiCad 7 update (Legacy) (Legacy) Gettings started with KiCad Bonus lecture About the Author Dr. Peter Dalmaris, PhD is an educator, an electrical engineer and Maker. Creator of online video courses on DIY electronics and author of several technical books. As a Chief Tech Explorer since 2013 at Tech Explorations, the company he founded in Sydney, Australia, Peter's mission is to explore technology and help educate the world. What is Elektor Academy Pro? Elektor Academy Pro delivers specialized learning solutions designed for professionals, engineering teams, and technical experts in the electronics and embedded systems industry. It enables individuals and organizations to expand their practical knowledge, enhance their skills, and stay ahead of the curve through high-quality resources and hands-on training tools. From real-world projects and expert-led courses to in-depth technical insights, Elektor empowers engineers to tackle today’s electronics and embedded systems challenges. Our educational offerings include Academy Books, Pro Boxes, Webinars, Conferences, and industry-focused B2B magazines – all created with professional development in mind. Whether you're an engineer, R&D specialist, or technical decision-maker, Elektor Academy Pro bridges the gap between theory and practice, helping you master emerging technologies and drive innovation within your organization.

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Build your textbook weather station or conduct environmental research together with the whole world. With many practical projects for Arduino, Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU, ESP32, and other development boards. Weather stations have enjoyed great popularity for decades. Every current and even every long discontinued electronics magazine has regularly featured articles on building your own weather station. Over the years, they have become increasingly sophisticated and can now be fully integrated into an automated home — although this often requires loyalty to an (expensive) brand manufacturer across all components. With your own weather and environmental data, you can keep up and measure things that no commercial station can. It’s also fun: expand your knowledge of electronics, current microcontroller development boards and programming languages in a fun and meaningful way. For less than 10 euros you can get started and record your first environmental data — with time and growing interest, you will continue to expand your system. In this Edition Which Microcontroller Fits My Project? The Right Development Environment Tracking Wind and Weather Weather Display with OpenWeatherMap and Vacuum Fluorescent Display Volatile Organic Compounds in the Air We Breathe Working with MQ Sensors: Measuring Carbon Monoxide — Odorless but Toxic CO2 Traffic Light with ThingSpeak IoT Connection An Automatic Plant Watering System Good Indoor Climate: Temperature and Humidity are Important criteria Classy Thermometer with Vintage Tube Technology Nostalgic Weather House for the Whole Family Measuring Air Pressure and Temperature Accurately Sunburn Warning Device DIY Sensor for Sunshine Duration Simple Smartphone Says: Fog or Clear View? Identifying Earthquakes Liquid Level Measurement for Vessels and Reservoirs Water pH Value Measurement Detecting Radioactive Radiation GPS: Sensor Location Service Across the Globe Saving and Timestamping Log Files on SD Cards LoRaWAN, The Things Network, and ThingSpeak Operating a LoRaWAN Gateway for TTN Defying "Wind and Weather" Mega Display with Weather Forecasz

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A Project-Based Introduction to Microcontrollers and Drone Control A Practical Introduction to Embedded Systems with the ESP32 This book is intended for readers who are new to embedded systems and looking for a structured, example-driven way to begin. If you’ve explored general-purpose electronics or Arduino-based resources but found them too broad or lacking in practical application, this guide offers a more focused alternative. Topics include: Understanding and programming the ESP32 microcontroller Using the Arduino IDE to write and deploy code Exploring cyber-physical systems, culminating in basic drone control No prior experience with Arduino or embedded development is required. Each section includes hands-on examples and mini-projects designed to reinforce core concepts and encourage deeper exploration. By the end, you’ll be equipped not only to reproduce the book’s examples, but also to extend them toward your own ideas and applications. Whether your interest is in learning embedded programming, building interactive systems, or exploring educational drone control, this book provides a clear and practical path to getting started.

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From Rubbing Amber to Swiping Glass "The story of electricity, told one connection at a time."Why does rubbing amber attract dust? How did we go from that curious effect to a world where screens respond to a single touch? And how did we get from mysterious sparks to tiny chips packed with billions of transistors? For centuries, electricity puzzled and fascinated those who encountered its curious effects—long before it even had a name. From the earliest observations of static charge to the complex electronics that shape our lives today, this book traces the gradual, and often surprising, story of how humanity came to understand and harness this powerful force. This book offers an engaging and accessible account of the people, ideas, and inventions that transformed electricity from a scientific curiosity into the foundation of our digital age. Along the way, you’ll meet a host of inquisitive minds—some famous, others less so—whose persistence and creativity helped unravel the mysteries of the natural world and gave rise to the technologies we now take for granted. Covering everything from Leyden jars and batteries to transistors, microcontrollers and the internet, this book presents a clear and enjoyable overview of electronics and its relatively short, yet rich, history. Whether you have a technical background or simply a curiosity about how things work, From Rubbing Amber to Swiping Glass offers a thoughtful look at how far we’ve come—and a gentle nudge to wonder what might come next.

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Understanding and Using Them Effectively What happens in electronics is invisible to the naked eye. The instrument that allows to accurately visualize electrical signals, the one through which the effects of electronics become apparent to us, is the oscilloscope. Alas, when one first ventures into electronics, it is often without an oscilloscope. And one is left fumbling, both physically and mentally. Observing an electrical signal on a screen for the first time is a revelation. Nobody wishes to forgo that marvel again. There is no turning back. In electronics, if one wishes to progress with both enjoyment and understanding, an oscilloscope is essential. This marks the beginning of a period of questioning: how to choose one? And no sooner is that question answered than a whole string of others arises, which can be summed up in just one: how does one use the oscilloscope in such a way that what it displays truly reflects the reality of the signals? Rémy Mallard is a passionate communicator with a gift for making complex technical subjects understandable and engaging. In this book, he provides clear answers to essential questions about using an oscilloscope and offers a wealth of guidance to help readers explore and understand the electrical signals behind electronic systems. With his accessible style and practical insights, this book is a valuable tool for anyone eager to deepen their understanding of electronics.

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. PbMonitor v1.0A Battery-Monitoring System for UPS and Energy Storage Applications Solar Charge Controller with MPPT (1)Basic Principles of a Solar Controller for Stand-Alone Systems B-Field Integration Magnetometer With Home-Made Sensors Precise or Accurate?Your Instruments Need to Be Both! AD7124 A Precision ADC in PracticeFeatures for Sensor Signal Conditioning PID Control ToolOptimize Your Parameters Easily embedded world 2025 Starting Out in Electronics……Continues with Tone Control Academy Pro BoxBook + Online Course + Hardware Milliohmmeter AdapterUses the Precision of Your Multimeter The Next Leap in SemiconductorsOnward Toward 1.4 nm Through-Hole Technology ConnectorsThe Best of Two Worlds: THR Frequency CounterPortable and Auto-Calibrating Via GPS Analog MetersPeculiar Parts, the Series Stand-Alone Crystal TesterHow Accurate Is Your Clock Source? Low-Cost I²C TesterConnect I²C Devices Directly to Your PC From Life’s ExperienceWho Doesn’t Honor the Small Things? 2025: An AI OdysseyThe Transformative Impact on Software Development Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (2)Enhancing Our Setup with Intelligence Nortonized Wien Bridge OscillatorSmall Changes Yield Significant Improvements Putting a $0.10 Controller to the TestThe CH32V003 RISC-V Microcontroller and MounRiver Studio in Practice An FPGA-Based Audio Player with Equalizer (2)Adding Volume Control, Advanced Mixing, and a Web Interface

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Resonances From Aether Days A Pictorial and Technical Analysis from WWII to the Internet Age From the birth of radio to the late 1980s, much of real life unfolded through shortwave communication. World War II demonstrated—beyond a shadow of a doubt—that effective communications equipment was a vital prerequisite for military success. In the postwar years, shortwave became the backbone on which many of the world's most critical services depended every day. All the radio equipment—through whose cathodes, grids, plates, and transistors so much of human history has flowed—is an exceptional subject of study and enjoyment for those of us who are passionate about vintage electronics. In this book, which begins in the aftermath of World War II, you’ll find a rich collection of information: descriptions, tips, technical notes, photos, and schematics that will be valuable for anyone interested in restoring—or simply learning about—these extraordinary witnesses to one of the most remarkable eras in technological history. My hope is that these pages will help preserve this vast treasure of knowledge, innovation, and history—a heritage that far transcends the purely technical.

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From Theory to Practical Applications in Wireless Energy Transfer and Harvesting Wireless power transmission has gained significant global interest, particularly with the rise of electric vehicles and the Internet of Things (IoT). It’s a technology that allows the transfer of electricity without physical connections, offering solutions for everything from powering small devices over short distances to long-range energy transmission for more complex systems. Wireless Power Design provides a balanced mix of theoretical knowledge and practical insights, helping you explore the potential of wireless energy transfer and harvesting technologies. The book presents a series of hands-on projects that cover various aspects of wireless power systems, each accompanied by detailed explanations and parameter listings. The following five projects guide you through key areas of wireless power: Project 1: Wireless Powering of Advanced IoT Devices Project 2: Wireless Powered Devices on the Frontline – The Future and Challenges Project 3: Wireless Powering of Devices Using Inductive Technology Project 4: Wireless Power Transmission for IoT Devices Project 5: Charging Robot Crawler Inside the Pipeline These projects explore different aspects of wireless power, from inductive charging to wireless energy transmission, offering practical solutions for real-world applications. The book includes projects that use simulation tools like CST Microwave Studio and Keysight ADS for design and analysis, with a focus on practical design considerations and real-world implementation techniques.

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Over 180 Projects with Raspberry Pi, Pico W, Arduino, and ESP32 This bundle contains the Universal Maker Sensor Kit, which consists of many sensors, actuators, displays, and motors. It’s perfect for environmental monitoring, smart home projects, robotics, and game controllers. The new Elektor book describes the design of many projects using the kit together with the popular Raspberry Pi, Raspberry Pi Pico W, Arduino Uno, and the ESP32 family of development boards. You can choose any of these development boards for your projects and either use the provided programs as they are, or modify these programs to suit your applications. This bundle contains: Book: Universal Maker Sensor Kit (normal price: €45) Universal Maker Sensor Kit (for Raspberry Pi, Pico W, Arduino, ESP32) (normal price: €70) Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W (normal price: €8) Book: Universal Maker Sensor Kit Learn to use more than 35 Sensors and Actuators with C++, Python, and MicroPython This book contains over 180 projects for all four major development boards (Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Pico W, and ESP32). Depending on the development board, projects are available in the C, Python, or MicroPython programming languages. The project titles, brief descriptions, wiring diagrams, and full program listings together with their detailed descriptions are given in the guide. Universal Maker Sensor Kit (for Raspberry Pi, Pico W, Arduino, ESP32) Discover endless creativity with the Universal Maker Sensor Kit, designed for use with Raspberry Pi, Pico W, Arduino, and ESP32. This versatile kit offers compatibility across popular development platforms, including Arduino Uno R4 Minima/WiFi, Uno R3, Mega 2560, Raspberry Pi 5, 4, 3B+, 3B, Zero, Pico W, and ESP32. Featuring over 35 sensors, actuators, and displays, it's perfect for projects ranging from environmental monitoring and smart home automation to robotics and interactive gaming. Step-by-step tutorials in C/C++, Python, and MicroPython guide beginners and experienced makers alike through 169 exciting projects. Features Wide Compatibility: Fully supports Arduino (Uno R3, Uno R4 Minima/WiFi, Mega 2560), Raspberry Pi (5, 4, 3B+, 3B, Zero, Pico W), and ESP32, enabling extensive flexibility across numerous development platforms. Includes instructions for building 169 projects. Comprehensive Components: Features more than 35 sensors, actuators, and display modules suitable for diverse projects such as environmental monitoring, smart home automation, robotics, and interactive game controllers. Detailed Tutorials: Provides clear, step-by-step tutorials covering Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Pico W, ESP32, and each included component. Tutorials are available in C/C++, Python, and MicroPython, catering effectively to both beginners and experienced makers. Suitable for All Skill Levels: Offers structured projects designed to guide users seamlessly from beginner to advanced proficiency in electronics and programming, enhancing creativity and technical expertise. Kit includes Breadboard Button Module Capacitive Soil Moisture Module Flame Sensor Module Gas/Smoke Sensor Module (MQ2) Gyroscope & Accelerometer Module (MPU6050) Hall Sensor Module Infrared Speed Sensor Module IR Obstacle Avoidance Sensor Module Joystick Module PCF8591 ADC DAC Converter Module Photoresistor Module PIR Motion Module (HC-SR501) Potentiometer Module Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor Module (MAX30102) Raindrop Detection Module Real Time Clock Module (DS1302) Rotary Encoder Module Temperature Sensor Module (DS18B20) Temperature and Humidity Sensor Module (DHT11) Temperature, Humidity & Pressure Sensor (BMP280) Time of Flight Micro-LIDAR Distance Sensor (VL53L0X) Touch Sensor Module Ultrasonic Sensor Module (HC-SR04) Vibration Sensor Module (SW-420) Water Level Sensor Module I²C LCD 1602 OLED Display Module (SSD1306) RGB LED Module Traffic Light Module 5 V Relay Module Centrifugal Pump L9110 Motor Driver Module Passive Buzzer Module Servo Motor (SG90) TT Motor ESP8266 Module JDY-31 Bluetooth Module Power Supply Module Documentation Online Tutorial

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The Unitree Go2 Controller is a dedicated remote control device designed for seamless and precise operation of the Unitree Go2 Quadruped Robot. This bimanual remote features built-in data transmission and Bluetooth modules, facilitating reliable wireless communication with the robot. It offers an ultra-long control distance of over 100 meters in open environments, ensuring flexibility in various operational scenarios. Specifications Charging Voltage 5 V Charging Current 2 A Frequency 2.4 GHz Communication Modes Data transmission module and Bluetooth Battery Capacity 2500 mAh Operating Time approx. 4.5 hours Control Distance Over 100 meters in open environments

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This bundle contains the popular Elektor Sand Clock for Raspberry Pi Pico and the new Elektor Laser Head Upgrade, offering even more options for displaying the time. Not only can you "engrave" the current time in sand, you can now alternatively write it on a glow-in-the-dark foil or create green drawings. Contents of the bundle Elektor Sand Clock for Raspberry Pi Pico (normal price: €50) Elektor Laser Head Upgrade for Sand Clock (normal price: €35) Elektor Sand Clock for Raspberry Pi (Raspberry Pi-based Eye Catcher) A standard sand clock just shows how time passes. In contrast, this Raspberry Pi Pico-controlled sand clock shows the exact time by "engraving" the four digits for hour and minute into the layer of sand. After an adjustable time the sand is flattened out by two vibration motors and everything begins all over again. At the heart of the sand clock are two servo motors driving a writing pen through a pantograph mechanism. A third servo motor lifts the pen up and down. The sand container is equipped with two vibration motors to flatten the sand. The electronic part of the sand clock consists of a Raspberry Pi Pico and an RTC/driver board with a real-time clock, plus driver circuits for the servo motors. A detailed construction manual is available for downloading. Features Dimensions: 135 x 110 x 80 mm Build time: approx. 1.5 to 2 hours Included 3x Precut acrylic sheets with all mechanical parts 3x Mini servo motors 2x Vibration motors 1x Raspberry Pi Pico 1x RTC/driver board with assembled parts Nuts, bolts, spacers, and wires for the assembly Fine-grained white sand Elektor Laser Head Upgrade for Sand Clock The new Elektor Laser Head transforms the Sand Clock into a clock that writes the time on glow-in-the-dark film instead of sand. In addition to displaying the time, it can also be used to create ephemeral drawings. The 5 mW laser pointer, with a wavelength of 405 nm, produces bright green drawings on the glow-in-the-dark film. For best results, use the kit in a dimly lit room. Warning: Never look directly into the laser beam! The kit includes all the necessary components, but soldering three wires is required. Note: This kit is also compatible with the original Arduino-based Sand Clock from 2017. For more details, see Elektor Magazine 1-2/2017 and Elektor Magazine 1-2/2018.

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. The RISC-V Open-Source Processor Architecture16 Boards and MCUs You Should Know An FPGA-Based Audio Player with Equalizer (1)Mixing Digital Audio with an Arduino MKR Vidor 4000 Laser Head for Pico-Based Sand ClockDrawing with Light Enter the STM32 Edge AI Contest A Multi-Sensor Environmental Monitoring System for PlantsWireless Measurement of Water Supply and Light Conditions Maixduino AI-Powered Automatic DoormanFace Detection with a Camera Embedded Electronics 2024AI Is Set to Redefine the Industry Charge-Based In-Memory Compute at EnCharge AI AI Inferencing at 10 Times Lower Power and 20 Fold Lower Cost Click Board Helps Develop and Train ML Models for Vibration Analysis The Elektor Mini-WheelieA Self-Balancing Robot Kit MCU, I See YouMCUViewer Open-Source Multiplatform Debugging Tool USB 2.0 IsolatorElectrically Isolated Connections for USB Devices Intervention Before DamagePredictive Maintenance in Practice SPoE – Electromagnetic CompatibilitySingle-Pair with Power-Over-Ethernet Through the Eyes of EMC Color TV: A Wonder of Its TimeCreating a New World ECG Graph MonitoringAn Implementation with Hexabitz Modules and an STM32CubeMonitor The Battle for AI at the Edge HaLow Hits Record 16-km Wi-Fi Distance at 900 MHz First CHERI RISC-V Embedded Chip and Early Access Programme Third-Generation Wildfire Detection Uses Satellite Links From Life’s ExperienceChoice Overload Starting Out in Electronics……Continues Filtering and Controls Tone Quasi-Analog ClockworkA Remake of an Elektor Classic A Modular Approach to Sensor TestingThe ESP32-S3-Based Sensor Evaluation Board 2025: An AI OdysseyThe Rise of Foundation Models and Their Role in Democratizing AI Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (1)Preparing a Platform for Some Edge AI Experiments Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Universal AI RISC-V Processor Does It All — CPU, GPU, DSP, FPGA CEO Interview: Ventiva’s Thin and Cool Tech Dual-Core Programming with a Raspberry Pi PicoVenture Into the World of Parallel Programming

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The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter uses the precision of a multimeter to measure very low resistance values. It is an adapter that converts a resistance into a voltage that can be measured with a standard multimeter. The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter can measure resistances below 1 mΩ using a 4-wire (Kelvin) method. It is useful for locating short circuits on printed circuit boards (PCB). The adapter features three measurement ranges – 1 mΩ, 10 mΩ, and 100 mΩ – selectable via a slide switch. It also includes onboard calibration resistors. The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter is powered by three 1.5 V AA batteries (not included). Specifications Measurement ranges 1 mΩ, 10 mΩ, 100 mΩ, 0.1% Power supply 3x 1.5 V AA batteries (not included) Dimensions 103 x 66 x 18 mm (compatible with Hammond 1593N-type enclosure, not included) Special feature On-board calibration resistors Downloads Documentation

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A Practical Guide to AI, Python, and Hardware Projects Welcome to your BeagleY-AI journey! This compact, powerful, and affordable single-board computer is perfect for developers and hobbyists. With its dedicated 4 TOPS AI co-processor and a 1.4 GHz Quad-core Cortex-A53 CPU, the BeagleY-AI is equipped to handle both AI applications and real-time I/O tasks. Powered by the Texas Instruments AM67A processor, it offers DSPs, a 3D graphics unit, and video accelerators. Inside this handbook, you‘ll find over 50 hands-on projects that cover a wide range of topics—from basic circuits with LEDs and sensors to an AI-driven project. Each project is written in Python 3 and includes detailed explanations and full program listings to guide you. Whether you‘re a beginner or more advanced, you can follow these projects as they are or modify them to fit your own creative ideas. Here’s a glimpse of some exciting projects included in this handbook: Morse Code Exerciser with LED or BuzzerType a message and watch it come to life as an LED or buzzer translates your text into Morse code. Ultrasonic Distance MeasurementUse an ultrasonic sensor to measure distances and display the result in real time. Environmental Data Display & VisualizationCollect temperature, pressure, and humidity readings from the BME280 sensor, and display or plot them on a graphical interface. SPI – Voltmeter with ADCLearn how to measure voltage using an external ADC and display the results on your BeagleY-AI. GPS Coordinates DisplayTrack your location with a GPS module and view geographic coordinates on your screen. BeagleY-AI and Raspberry Pi 4 CommunicationDiscover how to make your BeagleY-AI and Raspberry Pi communicate over a serial link and exchange data. AI-Driven Object Detection with TensorFlow LiteSet up and run an object detection model using TensorFlow Lite on the BeagleY-AI platform, with complete hardware and software details provided.

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Practical Applications and Project with Arduino, ESP32, and RP2040 Immerse yourself in the fascinating world of control engineering with Arduino and ESP32! This book offers you a practical introduction to classic and modern control methods, including PID controllers, fuzzy logic, and sliding-mode controllers. In the first part, you will learn the basics of the popular Arduino controllers, such as the Arduino Uno and the ESP32, as well as the integration of sensors for temperature and pH measurement (NTC, PT100, PT1000, and pH sensor). You will learn how to use these sensors in various projects and how to visualize data on a Nextion TFT display. The course continues with an introduction to actuators such as MOSFET switches, H-bridges, and solid-state relays, which are used to control motors and actuators. You will learn to analyze and model controlled systems, including PT1 and PT2 control. The book focuses on the implementation of fuzzy and PID controllers for controlling temperature and DC motors. Both the Arduino Uno and the ESP32 are used. The sliding-mode controller is also introduced. In the second-to-last chapter, you will explore the basics of neural networks and learn how machine learning can be used on an Arduino. In the last chapter, there is a practical example of a fuzzy controller for feeding electricity into the household grid. This book is the perfect choice for engineers, students, and electronics engineers who want to expand their projects with innovative control techniques.

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The Elektor Laser Head transforms the Elektor Sand Clock into a clock that writes the time on glow-in-the-dark film instead of sand. In addition to displaying the time, it can also be used to create ephemeral drawings. The 5 mW laser pointer, with a wavelength of 405 nm, produces bright green drawings on the glow-in-the-dark film. For best results, use the kit in a dimly lit room. Warning: Never look directly into the laser beam! The kit includes all the necessary components, but soldering three wires is required. Note: This kit is also compatible with the original Arduino-based Sand Clock from 2017. For more details, see Elektor Magazine 1-2/2017 and Elektor Magazine 1-2/2018.

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A Combat Guide against E-waste and Throwawayism This book is for anyone who enjoys tinkering with analog and digital hardware electronics. Regardless of the sophistication of your workspace, only basic tools are required to achieve truly satisfying results. It is intended as a reference guide among other hardware repair publications you may have in your library. However, the book goes a step further than most other repair guides in addressing issues in the modern era of discarded electronics called e-waste. E-waste should be put to good use. Producing anything new requires not just precious resources and labor, but also energy to make and deliver it to global retail shelves. Your talents and love of electronics can be put to good use by rescuing and resurrecting at least selected units from this endless stream of e-waste. Examples include either restoring through repair, or salvaging reusable electronic and mechanical components for your next project. Smart tips are provided throughout the book, and much information is tabulated for easy reference. The book expands age-old repair and hacking techniques applied for repair on the workbench into clever methods and applications to achieve effective results with discarded or “non-servicable” electronic consumer products. The final chapter provides real-life examples using all of the previously discussed content in a summarized form for each example repair type.

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32 new Projects, Practical Examples and Exercises with the Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board Electronics and microcontroller technology offer the opportunity to be creative. This practical microcontroller course provides you with the chance to bring your own Arduino projects and experience such moments of success. Ideally, everything works as you imagined when you switch it on for the first time. In practice, however, things rarely work as expected. At that point, you need knowledge to efficiently search for and find the reason for the malfunction. In this book for advanced users, we delve deep into the world of microcontrollers and the Arduino IDE to learn new procedures and details, enabling you to successfully tackle and solve even more challenging situations. With this book, the author gives the reader the necessary tools to create projects independently and also to be able to find errors quickly. Instead of just offering ready-made solutions, he explains the background, the hardware used, and any tools required. He sets tasks in which the reader contributes their own creativity and writes the Arduino sketch themselves. If you don’t have a good idea and get stuck, there is, of course, a suggested solution for every project and every task, along with the corresponding software, which is commented on and explained in detail in the book. This practical course will teach you more about the inner workings of the Arduino Nano and its microcontroller. You will get to know hardware modules that you can use to realize new and interesting projects. You will familiarize yourself with software methods such as ‘state machines,’ which can often be used to solve problems more easily and clearly. The numerous practical projects and exercise sketches are once again realized on the Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board, which you may already be familiar with from the course book ‘Microcontrollers Hands-on Course for Arduino Starters’, and which contains all the hardware peripherals and operating elements we need for the input/output operations of our sketches. Readers who do not yet own the Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board can purchase the required hardware separately, or alternatively, build it on a breadboard.

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