Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. USB Measurement AdapterTesting Current and Signal Quality of USB Ports 4...20 mA Current Output for Arduino UnoA Reliable, EMI-Insensitive Current Loop Interface Vacuum Cleaner Automatic ControlKeep Your Tools’ Work Area Clean DDS Generator with ATtiny Opamp-Tester V2New PCB – Now Also Suitable for SMDs 550-mW “Lamp” Audio AmplifierGet the Warm Sound of Vacuum Tubes With Ease Fuse GuardMonitoring a Fuse with a Flashing LED HQ RIAA PreamplifierGet the Most Out of Your Vinyl Records! Turntable Speed CalibratorAn Arduino-Based 100–120 Hz Strobe Light Generator Elektor Classics: video buffer/repeater Infrared Remote-Controlled DimmerControl Your Halogen or LED Floor Lamp Effortlessly and With Style How to Use switch…case on Strings in C++/Arduino IDE Magnet FinderWith a Simple Hall-Effect Sensor Raspberry Pi Smart Power ButtonA Solution for Raspberry Pi Up to Model 4 Essential Maker TipsProfessional Insights for Everyday Making Practical Projects with the 555 TimerDC Motor Control and Fast Reaction Challenges Basic AC-Load-On MonitorSave Energy with a Simple Device Power Banks in ParallelA Three-Day Continuous Power Solution VFO Up to 15 MHzAn Implementation With Raspberry Pi Pico Violin Tuner with ATtiny202 Elektor Classics: video amplifier for B/W television sets Capacitance Meter20 pF to 600 nF Quasi-Analog Clockwork Mk IITwo LED Rings for Hours and Minutes You Can Do Anything You Want(with the Arduino Ecosystem at Your Side) Neon Lamp Dice Elektor Classics: RTTY calibrator indicator Inspiring Hardware Designs for Your ESPs Elektor Classics: variable 3 A power supply RGB LEDs with Integrated Control CircuitLight with Precision: ICLEDs Set Standards Experiment: Towards a Mixed-Signal Theremin?Blending Modern Time-of-Flight Sensors With the Timeless XR2206 Analog Generator ESP32 Audio Transceiver Board (Part 1)SD Card WAV File Player Demo Infographics: Circuits and Circuit Design 2025 Small Audio MixerA Simple and Versatile Scalable Design Smart Staircase Light TimerSave More Money on the Energy Bill! Smarten Up Your ShuttersControlling Velux Hardware With an ESP32 and MQTT Solid-State Foot WarmerEnergy-Efficient Comfort Is the M5Stamp Fly Quadcopter the Next Tello? Boosting Wi-Fi Range of the ESP32-C3 SuperMiniA Simple and Effective Antenna Mod ZD-8968 Hot-Air Soldering StationA Budget-Friendly Workhorse or Just Hot Air? Parking Sensor TesterFinding Defects in the PDC System of a Car

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Build Your Own Vintage Radio Broadcaster The Elektor AM Transmitter Kit allows streaming audio to vintage AM radio receivers. Based on a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller module, the AM Transmitter can transmit on 32 frequencies in the AM band, from 500 kHz up to 1.6 MHz in 32 steps of approx. 35 kHz. The frequency is selected with a potentiometer and shown on a 0.96” OLED display. A pushbutton allows toggles the transmitting mode between On and Off. The range of the transmitter depends on the antenna. The onboard antenna provides a range of a few centimeters, requiring the AM Transmitter to be placed close to or inside the radio. An external loop antenna (not included) can be connected to increase the range.The Elektor AM Transmitter Kit comes as a kit of parts that you must solder to the board yourself. Features The board is compatible with a Hammond 1593N enclosure (not included).A 5 VDC power supply with micro-USB connector (e.g., an old phone charger) is needed to power the kit (not included). Current consumption is 100 mA.The Arduino software (requiring Earle Philhower’s RP2040 Boards Package) for the Elektor AM Transmitter Kit plus more information is available at the Elektor Labs page of this project. Component List Resistors: R1, R4 = 100 Ω R2, R3, R8 = 10 kΩ R5, R6, R9, R10, R11 = 1 kΩ R7 = optional (not included) P1 = potentiometer 100 kΩ, linear Capacitors: C1 = 22 µF 16V C2, C4 = 10 nF C3 = 150 pF Miscellaneous: K1 = 4×1 pin socket K2, K3 = 3.5 mm socket Raspberry Pi Pico pushbutton, angle mount 0.96" monochrome I²C OLED display PCB 150292-1

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Over 40 Fully Tested ESP32 Projects Using Arduino IDE and the LVGL Graphics Library This bundle includes the ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display (CYD) – a compact development board combining a standard ESP32 microcontroller with a 320x240 pixel TFT color display. The board also features multiple connectors for GPIO, serial communication (TX/RX), power, and ground. The built-in display is a major advantage, allowing users to create complex, graphics-based projects without the need for external LCDs or displays. The accompanying book introduces the CYD board's hardware and on-board connectors in detail. It provides a range of beginner to intermediate-level projects developed using the popular Arduino IDE 2.0. Both basic graphics functions and the powerful LVGL graphics library are covered, with practical projects illustrating each approach. All included projects have been fully tested and are ready to use. The book provides block diagrams, circuit schematics, complete code listings, and step-by-step explanations. With the LVGL library, readers can create modern, full-color graphical interfaces using widgets such as buttons, labels, sliders, calendars, keyboards, charts, tables, menus, animations, and more. ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display Board This development board (also known as "Cheap Yellow Display") is powered by the ESP-WROOM-32, a dual-core MCU with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities. It operates at a main frequency of up to 240 MHz, with 520 KB SRAM, 448 KBROM, and a 4 MB Flash memory. The board features a 2.8-inch display with a resolution of 240x320 and resistive touch. Furthermore, the board includes a backlight control circuit, touch control circuit, speaker drive circuit, photosensitive circuit, and RGB-LED control circuit. It also provides a TF card slot, serial interface, DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor interface, and additional IO ports. The module supports development in Arduino IDE, ESP-IDE, MicroPython, and Mixly. Applications Image transmission for Smart Home device Wireless monitoring Smart agriculture QR wireless recognition Wireless positioning system signal And other IoT applications Specifications Microcontroller ESP-WROOM-32 (Dual-core MCU with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) Frequency Up to 240 MHz (computing power is up to 600 DMIPS) SRAM 520 KB ROM 448 KB Flash 4 MB Operating voltage 5 V Power consumption approx. 115 mA Display 2.8-inch color TFT screen (240 x 320) Touch Resistive Touch Driver chip ILI9341 Dimensions 50 x 86 mm Weight 50 g Downloads GitHub Contents of the Bundle The ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display Book (normal price: €35) ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display Board (normal price: €25) 1x ESP32 Dev Board with 2.8" Display and acrylic Shell 1x Touch pen 1x Connector cable 1x USB cable

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. OBD2 Sensor DashboardOld Dials Sparked a Quest for Real Data OBD2: Add a Rev Counter and Gear Shift Indicator to Your CarRetro, but Super Useful LiDAR and Vision Sensors for Robotics Sensor+Test 2025 and PCIM 2025 Contact-Free E-Field Measurements (1)A Vibrating Membrane for Assessing DC Voltages or Static Electric Fields Wireless Mailbox NotifierFrom Optical Sensors to Radar, Exploring a Few Options Elektor Mini-WheelieA Self-Balancing Robot Solar CellsPeculiar Parts, the Series Getting Started With a Modern Radar SensorIs an Accurate Measurement on Your Radar? From Life’s ExperiencePaper Factory CybersecurityTough Times for Hackers Siglent Presents Next-Gen Multi-Channel OscilloscopesHigh-Performance Solutions for Modern Power and Embedded Systems Bluetooth 6.0 Brings Enhanced Distance-Ranging ApplicationsNew Version Offers Improved Device Positioning and Location Services Exploring Wireless Communication with BeagleY-AI Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Starting Out in Electronics……Concludes the Topic on Opamps A Powerful AI Code AssistantSpeed Up Your Development with Continue and Visual Studio Code Solar Charge Controller with MPPT (2)The Circuit Ultrasonic Obstacle DetectorA Simple Project to Help Those with Impaired Vision 2025: An AI OdysseyMid-Year Review Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (3)Making It Smarter and Adding a User Interface Meshtastic: A Demo ProjectAn Intelligent Mesh of LoRa Radios Analog Audio Frequency GeneratorHigh-Quality Adjustable Frequency Sine Wave Generator

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This collection features the best of Elektor Magazine's articles on embedded systems and artificial intelligence. From hands-on programming guides to innovative AI experiments, these pieces offer valuable insights and practical knowledge for engineers, developers, and enthusiasts exploring the evolving intersection of hardware design, software innovation, and intelligent technology. Contents Programming PICs from the Ground UpAssembler routine to output a sine wave Object-Oriented ProgrammingA Short Primer Using C++ Programming an FPGA Tracking Down Microcontroller Buffer Overflows with 0xDEADBEEF Too Quick to Code and Too Slow to Test? Understanding the Neurons in Neural NetworksEmbedded Neurons MAUI Programming for PC, Tablet, and SmartphoneThe New Framework in Theory and Practice USB Killer DetectorBetter Safe Than Sorry Understanding the Neurons in Neural NetworksArtificial Neurons A Bare-Metal Programming Guide Part 1: For STM32 and Other Controllers Part 2: Accurate Timing, the UART, and Debugging Part 3: CMSIS Headers, Automatic Testing, and a Web Server Introduction to TinyMLBig Is Not Always Better Microprocessors for Embedded SystemsPeculiar Parts, the Series FPGAs for BeginnersThe Path From MCU to FPGA Programming AI in Electronics DevelopmentAn Update After Only One Year AI in the Electronics LabGoogle Bard and Flux Copilot Put to the Test ESP32 and ChatGPTOn the Way to a Self-Programming System… Audio DSP FX Processor Board Part 1: Features and Design Part 2: Creating Applications Rust + EmbeddedA Development Power Duo A Smart Object CounterImage Recognition Made Easy with Edge Impulse Universal Garden LoggerA Step Towards AI Gardening A VHDL ClockMade with ChatGPT TensorFlow Lite on Small MicrocontrollersA (Very) Beginner’s Point of View Mosquito DetectionUsing Open Datasets and Arduino Nicla Vision Artificial Intelligence Timeline Intro to AI AlgorithmsPrompt: Which Algorithms Implement Each AI Tool? Bringing AI to the Edgewith ESP32-P4 The Growing Role of Edge AIA Trend Shaping the Future

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For Speed, Area, Power, and Reliability This book teaches the fundamentals of FPGA operation, covering basic CMOS transistor theory to designing digital FPGA chips using LUTs, flip-flops, and embedded memories. Ideal for electrical engineers aiming to design large digital chips using FPGA technology. Discover: The inner workings of FPGA architecture and functionality. Hardware Description Languages (HDL) like Verilog and VHDL. The EDA tool flow for converting HDL source into a functional FPGA chip design. Insider tips for reliable, low power, and high performance FPGA designs. Example designs include: Computer-to-FPGA UART serial communication. An open-source Sump3 logic analyzer implementation. A fully functional graphics controller. What you need: Digilent BASYS3 or similar FPGA eval board with an AMD/Xilinx FPGA. Vivado EDA tool suite (available for download from AMD website free of charge). Project source files available from author’s GitHub site.

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Learn KiCad with Peter Dalmaris The Academy Pro Box "Design PCBs like a Pro" offers a complete, structured training programme in PCB design, combining online learning with practical application. Based on Peter Dalmaris’ KiCad course, the 15-week programme integrates video lessons, printed materials (2 books), and hands-on projects to ensure participants not only understand the theory but also develop the skills to apply it in practice. Unlike standard courses, the Academy Pro Box provides a guided learning path with weekly milestones and physical components to design, test, and produce working PCBs. This approach supports a deeper learning experience and better knowledge retention. The box is ideal for engineers, students, and professionals who want to develop practical PCB design expertise using open-source tools. With the added option to have their final project manufactured, participants complete the programme with real results – ready for use, testing, or further development. Learn by doing Build skills. Design real boards. Generate Gerbers. Place your first order. This isn’t just a course – it’s a complete project journey from idea to product. You’ll walk away with: Working knowledge of KiCad’s tools Confidence designing your own PCBs A fully manufacturable circuit board – made by you What's inside the Box (Course)? Both volumes of "KiCad Like a Pro" (valued at €105) Vol 1: Fundamentals and Projects Vol 2: Advanced Projects and Recipes Coupon code to join the bestselling KiCad 9 online course by Peter Dalmaris on Udemy, featuring 20+ hours of video training. You'll complete three full design projects: Breadboard Power Supply Tiny Solar Power Supply Datalogger with EEPROM and Clock Voucher from Eurocircuits for the production of PCBs (worth €85 excl. VAT) Learning Material (of this Box/Course) 15-Week Learning Program ▶  Click here to open Week 1: Setup, Fundamentals, and First Steps in PCB Design Week 2: Starting Your First PCB Project – Schematic Capture Week 3: PCB Layout – From Netlist to Board Design Week 4: Design Principles, Libraries, and Workflow Week 5: Your First Real-World PCB Project Week 6: Custom Libraries – Symbols, Footprints, and Workflow Week 7: Advanced Tools – Net Classes, Rules, Zones, Routing Week 8: Manufacturing Files, BOMs, and PCB Ordering Week 9: Advanced Finishing Techniques – Graphics, Refinement, and Production Quality Week 10: Tiny Solar Power Supply – From Schematic to Layout Week 11: Tiny Solar Power Supply – PCB Layout and Production Prep Week 12: ESP32 Clone Project – Schematic Design and Layout Prep Week 13: ESP32 Clone – PCB Layout and Manufacturing Prep Week 14: Final Improvements and Advanced Features Week 15: Productivity Tools, Simulation, and Automation KiCad Course with 18 Lessons on Udemy (by Peter Dalmaris) ▶  Click here to open Introduction Getting started with PCB design Getting started with KiCad Project: A hands-on tour of KiCad (Schematic Design) Project: A hands-on tour of KiCad (Layout) Design principles and PCB terms Design workflow and considerations Fundamental KiCad how-to: Symbols and Eeschema Fundamental KiCad how-to: Footprints and Pcbnew Project: Design a simple breadboard power supply PCB Project: Tiny Solar Power Supply Project: MCU datalogger with build-in 512K EEPROM and clock Recipes KiCad 9 new features and improvements Legacy (from previous versions of KiCad) KiCad 7 update (Legacy) (Legacy) Gettings started with KiCad Bonus lecture About the Author Dr. Peter Dalmaris, PhD is an educator, an electrical engineer and Maker. Creator of online video courses on DIY electronics and author of several technical books. As a Chief Tech Explorer since 2013 at Tech Explorations, the company he founded in Sydney, Australia, Peter's mission is to explore technology and help educate the world. What is Elektor Academy Pro? Elektor Academy Pro delivers specialized learning solutions designed for professionals, engineering teams, and technical experts in the electronics and embedded systems industry. It enables individuals and organizations to expand their practical knowledge, enhance their skills, and stay ahead of the curve through high-quality resources and hands-on training tools. From real-world projects and expert-led courses to in-depth technical insights, Elektor empowers engineers to tackle today’s electronics and embedded systems challenges. Our educational offerings include Academy Books, Pro Boxes, Webinars, Conferences, and industry-focused B2B magazines – all created with professional development in mind. Whether you're an engineer, R&D specialist, or technical decision-maker, Elektor Academy Pro bridges the gap between theory and practice, helping you master emerging technologies and drive innovation within your organization.

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Master FPGA programming with the Red Pitaya Academy Pro Box. Learn Verilog and build a real-time audio processing system using Red Pitaya – with a full online course and hands-on project materials. The Academy Pro Box "Learn FPGA Programming with Verilog" is a complete learning solution for students, engineers and developers looking to gain hands-on experience with FPGA programming in Verilog. Combining theory with practice, the programme integrates a well-established Udemy course on Verilog fundamentals with nine exclusive practical modules developed by Elektor & Red Pitaya, designed specifically for the Red Pitaya STEMlab platform. Participants work with real hardware – delivered as part of the box – including the Red Pitaya STEMlab 125-14 Starter Kit and essential electronic components, enabling them to apply their knowledge immediately through real-world test setups. This combination of guided theory and structured experimentation ensures not only a strong understanding of FPGA principles, but also the ability to implement and verify designs independently. The box is aimed at professionals and advanced learners who want to go beyond simulation and gain practical skills in digital design. By the end of the programme, participants will have completed working FPGA projects, using industry-relevant tools and workflows – making this a valuable resource for academic & career development and technical innovation. What you’ll learn? Fundamentals of FPGA and Verilog Programming How to simulate, synthesize & implement digital circuits How to interface audio hardware with your FPGA Real-time Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques How to build, test, and customize audio filters Perfect for Professionals looking to level up their skills in Digital System Design Designers aiming to accelerate time-to-market for their applications Engineers pushing the boundaries of technological innovation Support when you need it In-depth troubleshooting in the course Community forums & Red Pitaya documentation Udemy Q&A and hardware support email What's inside the Box (Course)? Red Pitaya STEMlab 125-14 Starter Kit (valued at €550) 1x STEMlab 125-14 board 1x USB power supply (EU, UK & US) 1x microSD card (16 GB) with pre-installed OS 1x Ethernet cable Extra: 2x Oscilloscope Probes Extra: 2x SMA to BNC adapters Microphone & speaker set with cables Step-by-step project guide Downloadable code templates and schematics Lifetime access to a complete, self-paced Udemy course on Verilog Learning Material (of this Box/Course) 9 Practical Modules with Red Pitaya ▶  Click here to open Introduction Setting Up the Vivado Development Environment Project Setup & Vivado Integration Synthesis, Implementation & Bitstream Generation FPGA Image Overview First FPGA Projects – LEDs Full Audio Pass-Through Module 5 kHz Low-Pass Filter (4-Pole Cascade) Real-Time Microphone Input → Speaker Output Verilog Course with 28 Lessons on Udemy ▶  Click here to open Installing Vivado Vivado Design Flow Part 1 Vivado Design Flow Part 2 Commonly Asked Question’s from previous Module Fundamentals of Verilog Commonly Asked Question’s from previous Module Modeling Styles Assignment Operators in Verilog FAQ Behavioral Modeling Style Commonly Asked Question's from previous Module Gate Level Modeling Style Switch level Modeling Style Structural Modeling Style Schematic based Design Entry with IP integrator and Xilinx IP's Memories Commonly Asked Question's from previous Module Finite State Machines Commonly Asked Question's from previous Module Writing Testbenches Hardware Debugging with Vivado Required Hardware v File I/0 Projects RTL for Synthesis FPGA Architecture Fundamentals Commonly Asked Question's from previous Module Interview Preparations Next Step What is Elektor Academy Pro? Elektor Academy Pro delivers specialized learning solutions designed for professionals, engineering teams, and technical experts in the electronics and embedded systems industry. It enables individuals and organizations to expand their practical knowledge, enhance their skills, and stay ahead of the curve through high-quality resources and hands-on training tools. From real-world projects and expert-led courses to in-depth technical insights, Elektor empowers engineers to tackle today’s electronics and embedded systems challenges. Our educational offerings include Academy Books, Pro Boxes, Webinars, Conferences, and industry-focused B2B magazines – all created with professional development in mind. Whether you're an engineer, R&D specialist, or technical decision-maker, Elektor Academy Pro bridges the gap between theory and practice, helping you master emerging technologies and drive innovation within your organization.

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Build your textbook weather station or conduct environmental research together with the whole world. With many practical projects for Arduino, Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU, ESP32, and other development boards. Weather stations have enjoyed great popularity for decades. Every current and even every long discontinued electronics magazine has regularly featured articles on building your own weather station. Over the years, they have become increasingly sophisticated and can now be fully integrated into an automated home — although this often requires loyalty to an (expensive) brand manufacturer across all components. With your own weather and environmental data, you can keep up and measure things that no commercial station can. It’s also fun: expand your knowledge of electronics, current microcontroller development boards and programming languages in a fun and meaningful way. For less than 10 euros you can get started and record your first environmental data — with time and growing interest, you will continue to expand your system. In this Edition Which Microcontroller Fits My Project? The Right Development Environment Tracking Wind and Weather Weather Display with OpenWeatherMap and Vacuum Fluorescent Display Volatile Organic Compounds in the Air We Breathe Working with MQ Sensors: Measuring Carbon Monoxide — Odorless but Toxic CO2 Traffic Light with ThingSpeak IoT Connection An Automatic Plant Watering System Good Indoor Climate: Temperature and Humidity are Important criteria Classy Thermometer with Vintage Tube Technology Nostalgic Weather House for the Whole Family Measuring Air Pressure and Temperature Accurately Sunburn Warning Device DIY Sensor for Sunshine Duration Simple Smartphone Says: Fog or Clear View? Identifying Earthquakes Liquid Level Measurement for Vessels and Reservoirs Water pH Value Measurement Detecting Radioactive Radiation GPS: Sensor Location Service Across the Globe Saving and Timestamping Log Files on SD Cards LoRaWAN, The Things Network, and ThingSpeak Operating a LoRaWAN Gateway for TTN Defying "Wind and Weather" Mega Display with Weather Forecasz

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From Rubbing Amber to Swiping Glass "The story of electricity, told one connection at a time."Why does rubbing amber attract dust? How did we go from that curious effect to a world where screens respond to a single touch? And how did we get from mysterious sparks to tiny chips packed with billions of transistors? For centuries, electricity puzzled and fascinated those who encountered its curious effects—long before it even had a name. From the earliest observations of static charge to the complex electronics that shape our lives today, this book traces the gradual, and often surprising, story of how humanity came to understand and harness this powerful force. This book offers an engaging and accessible account of the people, ideas, and inventions that transformed electricity from a scientific curiosity into the foundation of our digital age. Along the way, you’ll meet a host of inquisitive minds—some famous, others less so—whose persistence and creativity helped unravel the mysteries of the natural world and gave rise to the technologies we now take for granted. Covering everything from Leyden jars and batteries to transistors, microcontrollers and the internet, this book presents a clear and enjoyable overview of electronics and its relatively short, yet rich, history. Whether you have a technical background or simply a curiosity about how things work, From Rubbing Amber to Swiping Glass offers a thoughtful look at how far we’ve come—and a gentle nudge to wonder what might come next.

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Understanding and Using Them Effectively What happens in electronics is invisible to the naked eye. The instrument that allows to accurately visualize electrical signals, the one through which the effects of electronics become apparent to us, is the oscilloscope. Alas, when one first ventures into electronics, it is often without an oscilloscope. And one is left fumbling, both physically and mentally. Observing an electrical signal on a screen for the first time is a revelation. Nobody wishes to forgo that marvel again. There is no turning back. In electronics, if one wishes to progress with both enjoyment and understanding, an oscilloscope is essential. This marks the beginning of a period of questioning: how to choose one? And no sooner is that question answered than a whole string of others arises, which can be summed up in just one: how does one use the oscilloscope in such a way that what it displays truly reflects the reality of the signals? Rémy Mallard is a passionate communicator with a gift for making complex technical subjects understandable and engaging. In this book, he provides clear answers to essential questions about using an oscilloscope and offers a wealth of guidance to help readers explore and understand the electrical signals behind electronic systems. With his accessible style and practical insights, this book is a valuable tool for anyone eager to deepen their understanding of electronics.

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A Retro Roll with a Neon Soul LED-based dice are common, but their light is cold. Not so for this electronic neon dice, which displays its value with the warm glow of neon lamps. It is perfect for playing games on cold, dark winter evenings. The pips of the dice are neon lamps and the random number generator has six neon lamps to show that it is working. Even though the dice has an on-board 100-V power supply, it is completely safe. As with all Elektor Classic products, the dice too has its circuit diagram printed on the front while an explanation of how the circuit works can be found on the rear side. The Neon Lamp Dice comes as a kit of easy-to-solder through-hole parts. The power supply is a 9-V battery (not included). Features Warm Vintage Glow Elektor Heritage Circuit Symbols Tried & Tested by Elektor Labs Educational & Geeky Project Through-Hole Parts Only Included Printed Circuit Board All Components Wooden Stand Required 9 V battery Component List Resistors (THT, 150 V, 0.25 W) R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R14 = 1 MΩ R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12 = 18 kΩ R13, R15, R16, R17, R18, R21, R23, R24, R25, R26, R28, R30, R33 = 100 kΩ R32, R34 = 1.2 kΩ R19, R20, R22, R27, R29 = 4.7 kΩ R31 = 1 Ω Capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 = 470 nF, 50 V, 5 mm pitch C7, C9, C11, C12 = 1 µF, 16 V, 2 mm pitch C8 = 470 pF, 50 V, 5 mm pitch C10 = 1 µF, 250 V, 2.5 mm pitch Inductors L1 = 470 µH Semiconductors D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7 = 1N4148 D8 = STPS1150 IC1 = NE555 IC2 = 74HC374 IC3 = MC34063 IC4 = 78L05 T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 = MPSA42 T6 = STQ2LN60K3-AP Miscellaneous K1 = PP3 9 V battery holder NE1, NE2, NE3, NE4, NE5, NE6, NE7, NE8, NE9, NE10, NE11, NE12, NE13 = neon light S2 = Miniature slide switch S1 = Pushbutton (12 x 12 mm)

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. PbMonitor v1.0A Battery-Monitoring System for UPS and Energy Storage Applications Solar Charge Controller with MPPT (1)Basic Principles of a Solar Controller for Stand-Alone Systems B-Field Integration Magnetometer With Home-Made Sensors Precise or Accurate?Your Instruments Need to Be Both! AD7124 A Precision ADC in PracticeFeatures for Sensor Signal Conditioning PID Control ToolOptimize Your Parameters Easily embedded world 2025 Starting Out in Electronics……Continues with Tone Control Academy Pro BoxBook + Online Course + Hardware Milliohmmeter AdapterUses the Precision of Your Multimeter The Next Leap in SemiconductorsOnward Toward 1.4 nm Through-Hole Technology ConnectorsThe Best of Two Worlds: THR Frequency CounterPortable and Auto-Calibrating Via GPS Analog MetersPeculiar Parts, the Series Stand-Alone Crystal TesterHow Accurate Is Your Clock Source? Low-Cost I²C TesterConnect I²C Devices Directly to Your PC From Life’s ExperienceWho Doesn’t Honor the Small Things? 2025: An AI OdysseyThe Transformative Impact on Software Development Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (2)Enhancing Our Setup with Intelligence Nortonized Wien Bridge OscillatorSmall Changes Yield Significant Improvements Putting a $0.10 Controller to the TestThe CH32V003 RISC-V Microcontroller and MounRiver Studio in Practice An FPGA-Based Audio Player with Equalizer (2)Adding Volume Control, Advanced Mixing, and a Web Interface

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Resonances From Aether Days A Pictorial and Technical Analysis from WWII to the Internet Age From the birth of radio to the late 1980s, much of real life unfolded through shortwave communication. World War II demonstrated—beyond a shadow of a doubt—that effective communications equipment was a vital prerequisite for military success. In the postwar years, shortwave became the backbone on which many of the world's most critical services depended every day. All the radio equipment—through whose cathodes, grids, plates, and transistors so much of human history has flowed—is an exceptional subject of study and enjoyment for those of us who are passionate about vintage electronics. In this book, which begins in the aftermath of World War II, you’ll find a rich collection of information: descriptions, tips, technical notes, photos, and schematics that will be valuable for anyone interested in restoring—or simply learning about—these extraordinary witnesses to one of the most remarkable eras in technological history. My hope is that these pages will help preserve this vast treasure of knowledge, innovation, and history—a heritage that far transcends the purely technical.

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This USB Stick contains more than 300 Arduino-related articles published in Elektor Magazine. The content includes both background articles and projects on the following topics: Software & hardware development: Tutorials on Arduino software development using Arduino IDE, Atmel Studio, Shields, and essential programming concepts. Learning: The Microcontroller Bootcamp offers a structured approach to programming embedded systems. Data acquisition & measurement: Projects such as a 16-bit data logger, lathe tachometer, and an AC grid analyzer for capturing and analyzing real-time signals. Wireless communication: Learn how to implement wireless networks, create an Android interface, and communicate effectively with microcontrollers. Robotics and automation: This covers the Arduino Nano Robot Controller, supporting boards for automation, and explores various Arduino shields to enhance functionality. Self-build projects: Unique projects such as laser projection, Numitron clock and thermometer, ELF receiver, Theremino, and touch LED interfaces highlight creative applications. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced maker, this collection is a valuable resource for learning, experimenting, and pushing the boundaries of Arduino technology.

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From Theory to Practical Applications in Wireless Energy Transfer and Harvesting Wireless power transmission has gained significant global interest, particularly with the rise of electric vehicles and the Internet of Things (IoT). It’s a technology that allows the transfer of electricity without physical connections, offering solutions for everything from powering small devices over short distances to long-range energy transmission for more complex systems. Wireless Power Design provides a balanced mix of theoretical knowledge and practical insights, helping you explore the potential of wireless energy transfer and harvesting technologies. The book presents a series of hands-on projects that cover various aspects of wireless power systems, each accompanied by detailed explanations and parameter listings. The following five projects guide you through key areas of wireless power: Project 1: Wireless Powering of Advanced IoT Devices Project 2: Wireless Powered Devices on the Frontline – The Future and Challenges Project 3: Wireless Powering of Devices Using Inductive Technology Project 4: Wireless Power Transmission for IoT Devices Project 5: Charging Robot Crawler Inside the Pipeline These projects explore different aspects of wireless power, from inductive charging to wireless energy transmission, offering practical solutions for real-world applications. The book includes projects that use simulation tools like CST Microwave Studio and Keysight ADS for design and analysis, with a focus on practical design considerations and real-world implementation techniques.

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This portable WiFi weather station is the perfect blend of functionality and style, offering real-time updates on temperature, humidity, and time – all at a single glance. Featuring a clear digital display, the station ensures that weather and time data are always easy to read and understand. Its minimalist design integrates seamlessly into any environment, adding a touch of modern sophistication without drawing unnecessary attention. Features Multi-Function Display: Shows weather, atmospheric pressure, min/max temperature, wind speed, city, country/region, date, day of the week, outdoor temperature & humidity – all at a glance. Custom GIF Animations: Upload your own GIFs for a personalized display experience. WiFi Connectivity: Automatically connects to the Internet to retrieve real-time weather and time data. Power Supply: USB-C Durable Plastic Casing Dimensions: 45 x 35 x 40 mm

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The Unitree Go2 Controller is a dedicated remote control device designed for seamless and precise operation of the Unitree Go2 Quadruped Robot. This bimanual remote features built-in data transmission and Bluetooth modules, facilitating reliable wireless communication with the robot. It offers an ultra-long control distance of over 100 meters in open environments, ensuring flexibility in various operational scenarios. Specifications Charging Voltage 5 V Charging Current 2 A Frequency 2.4 GHz Communication Modes Data transmission module and Bluetooth Battery Capacity 2500 mAh Operating Time approx. 4.5 hours Control Distance Over 100 meters in open environments

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The Raspberry Pi 45 W USB-C Power Supply is an ideal choice for powering USB-C-compatible Raspberry Pi products. It is particularly suitable for Raspberry Pi 5 users looking to operate high-power peripherals such as hard drives and SSDs. Delivering up to 5.1 V/5 A, it supports USB PD (Power Delivery) negotiation, allowing the Raspberry Pi 5 to select the optimal power profile automatically. This capability enables the Raspberry Pi 5 to increase the USB current limit from the default 600 mA to 1.6 A, providing additional power for peripherals connected via its four USB-A ports. Thanks to its comprehensive range of built-in power profiles, the Raspberry Pi 45 W USB-C Power Supply is also an excellent option for powering third-party PD-compatible devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops. Available profiles include 9.0 V/5.0 A, 12.0 V/3.75 A, 15.0 V/3.0 A, and 20.0 V/2.25 A, all delivering a maximum of 45 W. Specifications Input 100-240 V AC Output 5.1 V/5.0 A, 9.0 V/5.0 A, 12.0 V/3.75 A, 15.0 V/3.0 A, 20.0 V/2.25 A (Power Delivery) Connector USB-C Cable 1.5 m, 17AWG (white) Region EU Downloads Datasheet

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The Raspberry Pi Pico 2 WH (with headers) is a microcontroller board based on the RP2350 featuring 2.4 GHz 802.11n wireless LAN and Bluetooth 5.2. It gives you even more flexibility in your IoT or smart product designs and expanding the possibilities for your projects. The RP2350 provides a comprehensive security architecture built around Arm TrustZone for Cortex-M. It incorporates signed boot, 8 KB of antifuse OTP for key storage, SHA-256 acceleration, a hardware TRNG, and fast glitch detectors. The unique dual-core, dual-architecture capability of the RP2350 allows users to choose between a pair of industry-standard Arm Cortex-M33 cores and a pair of open-hardware Hazard3 RISC-V cores. Programmable in C/C++ and Python, and supported by detailed documentation, the Raspberry Pi Pico 2 WH is the ideal microcontroller board for both enthusiasts and professional developers. Specifications CPU Dual Arm Cortex-M33 or dual RISC-V Hazard3 processors @ 150 MHz Wireless On-board Infineon CYW43439 single-band 2.4 GHz 802.11n wireless Lan and Bluetooth 5.2 Memory 520 KB on-chip SRAM; 4 MB on-board QSPI flash Interfaces 26 multi-purpose GPIO pins, including 4 that can be used for AD Peripherals 2x UART 2x SPI controllers 2x I²C controllers 24x PWM channels 1x USB 1.1 controller and PHY, with host and device support 12x PIO state machines Input power 1.8-5.5 V DC Dimensions 21 x 51 mm Downloads Datasheet Pinout Schematic

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The Raspberry Pi Pico 2 H (with Headers) is a new microcontroller board from the Raspberry Pi Foundation, based on the RP2350. It features a higher core clock speed, double the on-chip SRAM, double the on-board flash memory, more powerful Arm cores, optional RISC-V cores, new security features, and upgraded interfacing capabilities. The Raspberry Pi Pico 2 H offers a significant boost in performance and features while maintaining hardware and software compatibility with earlier members of the Raspberry Pi Pico series. The RP2350 provides a comprehensive security architecture built around Arm TrustZone for Cortex-M. It incorporates signed boot, 8 KB of antifuse OTP for key storage, SHA-256 acceleration, a hardware TRNG, and fast glitch detectors. The unique dual-core, dual-architecture capability of the RP2350 allows users to choose between a pair of industry-standard Arm Cortex-M33 cores and a pair of open-hardware Hazard3 RISC-V cores. Programmable in C/C++ and Python, and supported by detailed documentation, the Raspberry Pi Pico 2 is the ideal microcontroller board for both enthusiasts and professional developers. Specifications CPU Dual Arm Cortex-M33 or dual RISC-V Hazard3 processors @ 150 MHz Memory 520 KB on-chip SRAM; 4 MB on-board QSPI flash Interfaces 26 multi-purpose GPIO pins, including 4 that can be used for AD Peripherals 2x UART 2x SPI controllers 2x I²C controllers 24x PWM channels 1x USB 1.1 controller and PHY, with host and device support 12x PIO state machines Input power 1.8-5.5 V DC Dimensions 21 x 51 mm Downloads Datasheet (Pico 2) Datasheet (RP2350)

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The Raspberry Pi PoE+ Injector adds Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) functionality to a single port of a non-PoE Ethernet switch, delivering both power and data through one Ethernet cable. It provides a plug-and-play, cost-effective solution for incrementally introducing PoE capability into existing Ethernet networks. The PoE+ Injector is a single-port, 30 W device suitable for powering equipment compliant with IEEE 802.3af and 802.3at standards, including all generations of Raspberry Pi PoE HATs. It supports network pass-through speeds of 10/100/1000 Mbps. Note: A separate IEC mains cable is required for operation (not included). Specifications Data rate 10/100/1000 Mbps Input voltage 100 to 240 V AC Output power 30 W Power output on pins 4/5 (+), 7/8 (–) Nominal output voltage 55 V DC Data connectors Shielded RJ-45, EIA 568A and 568B Power connector IEC c13 mains power input (not included) Storage humidity Maximum 95%, non-condensing Operating altitude –300 m to 3000 m Operating ambient temperature 10°C to +50°C Dimensions 159 x 51.8 x 33.5 mm Downloads Datasheet

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The SEQURE ES666 is a smart electric screwdriver designed for precision tasks such as assembling and disassembling electronics, RC models, drones, and more. It features multiple operation modes: Sensing Mode, Fixed Mode, and Automatic Mode, allowing for versatile use. The device includes an OLED display and a 600 mAh rechargeable battery providing up to 4 hours of no-load operation. Features Smart Control: Supports angle sensing control and adjustable sensitivity. It starts and stops automatically for hands-free operation, and stops automatically when the screw is fully tightened. Enhanced Visibility: Equipped with front-facing shadowless LED lights with on/off and delay modes. Robust Design: Constructed with a metal shell and anti-slip strips for a secure grip that prevents rolling. High-Quality Bits: Includes durable S2 steel bits with built-in strong magnets for fast screw assembly and disassembly. Powerful Performance: Features a metal gear reduction motor and a built-in high-capacity battery for stable, continuous use. Smart Display: Comes with a dynamic multi-functional UI interface and supports firmware upgrades. Versatile Use: Offers 7 torque settings to suit a variety of tasks – ideal for repairing, assembling, or disassembling RC models, drones, mobile phones, computers, watches, glasses, and other electronics. Specifications Manual Torque 22kgf.cm / 2.2N.m Torque Gears 7 Battery 600 mAh No-load Speed 250 rpm Working Time No-load 4h Charging USB-C 5 V Bits 4 mm Hexagon Display 128 x 32 OLED Front Lighting LED Working Modes Sensing, Fixed, Automatic Firmware Upgrades Yes Menu Languages English, Russian, and Chinese Dimensions 15 x 16 x 140 mm Weight (Screwdriver) 57 g Included 1x SEQURE ES666 Electric Screwdriver 30x Magnetic S2 steel bits 1x USB-C charging cable 1x Carrying case

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The Smart USB Soldering Iron Kit is a compact, cordless solution designed for precision and portability. Featuring intelligent three-speed temperature control (300-450°C) with an easy-to-read LED display, it heats up in just 10 seconds and melts solder in as little as 6 seconds. The 1000 mAh rechargeable battery delivers up to 30 minutes of continuous use, making it ideal for quick repairs, electronics projects, and DIY tasks. With a plug-and-play, replaceable tip and a high-temperature-resistant insulated shell, it’s safe, user-friendly, and perfect for both beginners and professionals on the go. Features Three-Speed Intelligent Temperature Adjustment: Features an LED display screen with adjustable temperatures between 300-450°C (572-842°F). Easily switch between Celsius and Fahrenheit. Integrated Plug-In Soldering Iron Tip: Plug-and-play design. The tip can be replaced by simply unscrewing it, ensuring quick and convenient operation. Safe and Durable Design: High-temperature-resistant, insulated shell for enhanced safety during use. Battery Capacity: Equipped with a rechargeable 1000 mAh battery that supports up to 30 minutes of continuous operation on a full charge – ideal for everyday tasks. Efficient Performance: 8 W power with an integrated heating core for rapid heat-up. Melts tin in just 6 seconds, providing excellent thermal conductivity. Easy to Use: After powering on via USB, set your desired temperature. The soldering iron heats up in 10 seconds. Once finished, place the tip on the stand—it cools down within 1 minute. Perfect for beginners, hobbyists, basic home repairs, and training engineers. Cordless Innovation: This cordless soldering kit includes a built-in rechargeable lithium-ion battery, eliminating the need for cables. Versatile use for circuit board soldering, electrical repairs, jewelry making, metal crafts, computer maintenance, and DIY projects. Specifications Adjustable Temperature: 300-450°C (572-842°F) Tin Melting Time: <15 seconds Working Voltage: 5 V Power Output: 8 W Battery Capacity: 1000 mAh Auto Sleep Function: Activates after 10 minutes of inactivity Charging Time: Approx. 90 minutes Battery Life: Up to 30 minutes continuous use Charging Interface: USB-C Main Material: Aluminum alloy Dimensions: 190 x 16 mm (7.4 x 0.6") Included 1x USB Soldering Iron 1x Soldering Tip 1x Soldering Rosin 1x Soldering Iron Holder (with Sponge) 1x USB-C Charging Cable 1x Solder Wire 1x Storage Box

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