Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. ESP32 Audio Transceiver Board (Part 2)Wireless Audio Transmission Inductive AM TransmitterUses Pico’s PIO in an Arduino Sketch Navigating Wireless ProtocolsA Technical Guide Satellite Tracking Using LoRaThe TinyGS Network Bringing Space Data to Earth 4G-Compatible SMS Remote ControlRemotely Control Your Equipment High-Speed ProbeHigh-Impedance Inputs for Signals up to 200 MHz From Life’s ExperienceKafka KrakenSDR Performance Tests with the RP2350Is an Upgrade from Raspberry Pi Pico 1 to Pico 2 Worthwhile? Contact-Free E-Field Measurements (2)A Laser Vibrometer for Assessing the Membrane's Vibrations Crystals and OscillatorsImproving Crystal Accuracy Through Capacitor Selection Starting Out in ElectronicsSpecial Audio ICs Getting Started with Coding a DIY Project SPECTRAN® V6 MobileModular, Configurable Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer for Reliable Measurements Across All Frequency Ranges The Future of AI Is Forged in SiliconAn Interview with Anastasiia Nosova Autonomous Sensor Node v2.0 (System Architecture)Solar-Powered Sensing Platform with Integrated GPS, LoRaWAN, and More Precise PositioningBluetooth Channel Sounding Tested Powering the Future of Wireless CommunicationBTRY’s Ultra-Thin Solid-State Batteries Test-Driven Development in Firmware Writing Phone-Controlled Model CarWi-Fi + ESP32 + Smartphone = Remote Control 2025: An AI OdysseyAI Reasoning Models: The Chain-of-Thought Revolution Solar Charge Controller with MPP Tracking (3)Software and Commissioning Raspberry Pi Zero Web Streaming CameraUsing the ZeroTier VPN

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In 35 Projects with the Raspberry Pi and Arduino The Internet of Things (IoT) is a trend with a strong technological impulse. At home, we want to do everything on our tablets, from browsing Facebook to watching TV, from operating lights to keeping an eye on the temperature. In 35 fun projects, this book will show you how to build your own Internet of Things system. We'll cover the hardware (primarily the Raspberry Pi and Arduino) and the software that makes control via Internet possible. We employ Wi-Fi and radio links so no requirement any longer to install cabling crisscross through your home. Assuming the projects in the book are finished, you have a complete Internet of Things system that allows you to control and view of everything in your home. For example, if there's something in the mail box or the car is securely in the garage. Also, you can switch on the lights and the alarm from your couch. The crisp explanations allow the projects to be customized with ease, for example, to turn on your coffee machine or TV remotely. The index gives easy access to creative projects that can serve as an example, enabling you to do all the connecting to the IoT independently. All project software can be downloaded free of charge from the Elektor website. In this unique book, Raspberry Pi, Arduino and HTML webpages with stylesheets and JavaScript come together in clearly-described, easy-to-build projects. This special book is an essential part of your collection!

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The field of digital electronics is central to modern technology. This e-book presents fundamental circuits using gates, flip-flops and counters from the CMOS 4000 Series. Each of the 50 experiments has a circuit diagram as well as a detailed illustration of the circuit’s construction on solderless breadboard. Learning these fundamentals is best done using practical experiments. Building these digital circuits will improve your knowledge and will be fun to boot. Many of the circuits presented here have practical real-life applications. With a good overview of the field, you’ll be well equipped to find simple and cost-effective solutions for any application. The e-book is targeted essentially at students, trainees and anyone with an interest in and requiring an introduction to digital control electronics. Moreover, the knowledge gleaned here is the foundation for further projects in the field of microcontrollers and programming.

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The nRSP-ST is a networked general coverage radio receiver for frequencies from 1 kHz to 2 GHz with up to 10 MHz of spectrum visibility. The nRSP-ST is your own personal remotely accessible SDR which can also be shared with a small number of trusted friends or colleagues. The nRSP-ST addresses the needs of radio enthusiasts who want a 'plug-and-play' solution for remote reception. As well as achieving this, we have addressed typical internet bandwidth limitations with the creation of a novel IQ Lite mode, which efficiently delivers channels of IQ data. We are also introducing the ability to control and store IQ recordings at the remote location. The nRSP-ST is ideal for anyone wanting a wideband remote receiver without needing computer skills and hours of set-up time and ongoing maintenance at the remote location. Features "Plug and play" integrated, networked general coverage receiver: Combines a receiver, a host computer and a whole lot more – all in one box! Apply power and connect to the internet (Ethernet or Wi-Fi) and the nRSP-ST is automatically accessible from anywhere Multi-platform SDRconnectTM software supports local operation or remote access on Windows, MacOS or Linux platforms The nRSP-ST & SDRconnect are configurable for available network bandwidth: In Full IQ mode, the nRSP-ST provides IQ data transfer of the visible spectrum bandwidth (e.g. for high-speed LAN or superfast internet connectivity) In IQ Lite mode, the nRSP-ST provides IQ data of channels up to 192 kHz wide (e.g. for digital decoding by the client) In Compact mode the nRSP-ST provides compressed audio (ideal for slower internet connections) Supports multiple client connections with a simultaneous mixture of connection modes – an admin tool allows you to assign usernames and timeouts to trusted friends or colleagues. All modes support visualization of up to 10 MHz spectrum bandwidth Two remote connection options: Use a remote SDRconnect client or Use the built-in web-server for remote access from any web browsing capable device, including Android/iOS tablets and phones The nRSP-ST offers the ability to record IQ and audio files to a NAS (network attached storage) device if available on the LAN. The 14-bit ADC full featured wideband SDR receiver covers all frequencies from 1 kHz through VLF, LF, MW, HF, VHF, UHF and L-band to 2 GHz, with no gaps Remotely monitor up to 10 MHz of spectrum at a time from a choice of 3 antennas Flash upgradable for future feature enhancements Included 1x nRSP-ST Receiver 1x WLAN antenna 1x Power supply 1x Manual Downloads Release notes Software

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Features Advanced DDS technology, up to 250 MHz frequency output 1.25 GS/s sampling rate, and 1 μHz frequency resolution Up to 1M arbitrary waveform length Vertical resolution: 14 bits Comprehensive waveform output: 6 groups waveforms, and 152 group built-in arbitrary waveforms Comprehensive modulation options: AM, FM, PM, FSK, 3FSK, 4FSK, PSK, OSK, ASK, BPSK, PWM, sweep, and burst High-accuracy frequency counter integrated, ranging from 100MHz till 200MHz SCPI and LabVIEW supported 8-inch 800 x 600 pixels touch screen LCD Specifications XDG3102 Channel 2 Frequency Output 100MHz Sample Rate 1.25GSa/s Vertical Resolution 14 bits Waveform Standard Waveform sine, square, pulse, ramp, noise, and harmonic Arbitrary Waveform exponential rise, exponential fall, sin(x)/x, step wave, and others, total of 150 built-in waveforms, and user-defined arbitrary waveform Frequency (resolution 1μHz) Sine 1μHz - 100MHz Square 1μHz - 40MHz Pulse 1μHz - 25MHz Ramp 1μHz - 5MHz Harmonic 1μHz - 50MHz Noise 120MHz (-3dB, typical) Arbitrary Waveform built-in waveform: 1uHz - 15MHzuser-defined waveform: 1uHz - 50MHz Accuracy ±1ppm, 0°C - 40°C Amplitude Amplitude (50Ω) 1mVpp - 10Vpp (≤40MHz); 1mVpp - 5Vpp (≤80MHz) 1mVpp - 2.5Vpp (≤120MHz); 1mVpp - 1Vpp (≤250MHz) Amplitude(high impedance) 2mVpp - 20Vpp (≤40MHz); 2mVpp - 10Vpp (≤80MHz); 2mVpp - 5Vpp (≤120MHz); 2mVpp - 2Vpp (≤250MHz) Resolution 1mV or 4 digits DC Offset Range (50Ω) ±(5 Vpk - Amplitude Vpp/2) Range (high-Z, open circuit) ±(10 Vpk - Amplitude Vpp/2) Accuracy ±(1% of |setting| + 1mV + Amplitude Vpp x 0.5%) Resolution 1mV or 4 digits Load Impedance 50Ω (typical) Accuracy ±(1% of setting + 1 mVpp) (typical, 1kHz sine, 0V offset) Sine Wave Spectrum Purity Harmonic Distortion Typical (0dB) DC - 1MHz: <-65dBc 1MHz - 10MHz: <-60dBc 10MHz - 120MHz: <-50dBc 120MHz - 200MHz: <-45dBc Total Harmonic Distortion ＜0.05 %, 10 Hz to 20 kHz, 1 Vpp Spurious (non-harmonic), Typical (0dB) ≤10MHz: <-70dBc >10MHz: <-70dBc + 6dB/ octave Phase Noise Typical (0 dBm, 10 kHz deviation) 10MHz: ≤-110dBc/Hz Square Rise/Fall Time <5ns Overshoot <3% Duty Cycle 50.0% (fixed) Jitter (rms) 300ps + 100ppm Pulse Pulse Width 12ns - 996875s Leading/Trailing Edge Time ≧7ns Overshoot <3% Jitter (rms) 300ps + 100ppm Ramp Linearity ≤1% of peak output (typical, 1kHz, 1 Vpp, 50% symmetry) Symmetry 0% to 100% Harmonic Harmonic Order ≤16 Harmonic Type even, odd, all, user Harmonic Amplitude could be set for all the harmonics Harmonic Phase Arbitrary Waveform Length 2 points - 1M points Vertical Resolution 14 bits Minimum Rise/Fall Time <7ns Jitter (rms) 3ns Modulation Type AM, FM, PM, PWM, FSK, 3FSK, 4FSK, PSK, OSK, ASK, BPSK, sweep, and burst AM Carrier Waveform sine, square, ramp, and arbitrary (except DC) Source internal / external Modulating Waveform sine, square, ramp, noise, and arbitrary Depth 0.0% - 100.0% Modulating Frequency 2 mHz - 100 kHz FM Carrier Waveform sine, square, ramp, and arbitrary (except DC) Source internal / external Modulating Waveform sine, square, ramp, noise, and arbitrary Modulating Frequency 2 mHz - 100 kHz PM Carrier Waveform sine, square, ramp, and arbitrary (except DC) Source internal / external Modulating Waveform sine, square, ramp, noise, and arbitrary Phase Deviation 0° - 180° Modulating Frequency 2 mHz - 100 kHz PWM Carrier Waveform pulse Source internal / external Modulating Waveform sine, square, ramp, noise, and arbitrary Width Deviation 0 ~ minimum (pulse duty ratio, 100% - pulse duty ratio) Modulating Frequency 2 mHz - 100 kHz FSK / 3FSK / 4FSK Carrier Waveform sine, square, ramp, and arbitrary (except DC) Source internal / external Modulating Waveform square with 50% duty cycle Key Frequency 2 mHz - 1MHz PSK Carrier Waveform sine, square, ramp, and arbitrary (except DC) Source internal / external Modulating Waveform square with 50% duty cycle Key Frequency 2 mHz - 1MHz OSK Carrier Waveform sine, square, ramp, and arbitrary (except DC) Source internal Oscillation Time square with 50% duty cycle Key Frequency 2 mHz - 1MHz ASK Carrier Waveform sine, square, ramp, and arbitrary (except DC) Source internal / external Modulating Waveform square with 50% duty cycle Key Frequency 2 mHz - 1MHz BPSK Carrier Waveform sine, square, ramp, and arbitrary (except DC) Source internal Modulating Waveform square with 50% duty cycle Key Frequency 2 mHz - 1MHz Sweep Carrier Waveform sine, square, ramp, and arbitrary (except DC) Type linear, and log Direction up, and down Sweep Time 1 ms to 500s, ± 0.1% Trigger Source internal, external, and manual Burst Carrier Waveform sine, square, ramp, pulse, and arbitrary (except DC) Burst Count 1 to 50,000 period, infinite, gating Internal Period 10 ns - 500 s Gated Source external trigger Frequency Counter Function frequency period, +width, -width, +duty, and -duty Frequency Range 100 MHz - 200 MHz Frequency Resolution 7 digits Input / Output Display 8”800 x 600 pixels touch screen LCD Type frequency counter, external modulation input,external trigger input,external reference clock input / output Communication Interface USB Host, USB Device, and LAN Dimension 340 x 177 x 90 mm Weight 2.50 kg

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Relio v1.0 - Presence Detection and Remote ControlA Matter-Enabled Smart Controller for AC Appliances Designing Better PCBsA Practical Guide for Professionals and Makers KiCad 9Top New and Updated Features Precision Picoammeter (1)With Curve Tracer Functionality Down to the pA range! Christmas Star 2025A Star Is Soldered 100 mV Continuity Tester Who’s Pushing the Boundaries of European Electronics?Companies to Watch productronica 2025: What’s New in Electronics Development and Production Automation to Tackle Reshoring Manufacturing, Tariffs and Labour Shortages Beyond Future ProofCircularity in Electronics Passive ComponentsLow-Loss Inductors Enabling High-Efficiency DC/DC Converters How Desktop Manufacturing Machines Are Democratizing PCB Production Starting Out in Electronics...Needs Power UHD Displays Driven with EaseYour Guide to Easily Put Various TFT-LCDs Into Operation Quickly Soldering in 2025Practical Soldering Tips Straight from the Workbench SimulIDEAn All-in-One Tool for Circuit Prototyping 2025: An AI OdysseyFrom Autocomplete to Colleague Wordy Christmas TreeA Festive Electronics Project with a Linguistic Twist Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Analog Pipeline DistortionA Cool Audio Effect For Guitars and Other Instruments ESP32 Audio Transceiver Board (Part 3)Stereo Transmission and Dual Radio

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Microcontrollers have become an indispensable part of modern electronics. They make things possible that vastly exceed what could be done previously. Innumerable applications show that almost nothing is impossible. There’s thus every reason to learn more about them, but that raises the question of where to find a good introduction to this fascinating technology. The answer is easy: this Microcontroller Basics book, combined with the 89S8252 Flash Board project published by Elektor Electronics. However, this book offers more than just a basic introduction. It clearly explains the technology using various microcontroller circuits and programs written in several different programming languages. Three microcontrollers from the 8051 family are used in the sample applications, ranging from the simple 89C2051 to the AN2131, which is designed to support USB applications. The programming tools include assemblers, Basic-52 and BASCOM-51, and several C compilers. Every reader can thus find the programming environment most suitable to his or her needs. In the course of the book, the reader gradually develops increased competence in converting his or her ideas into microcontroller circuitry. All of the sample programs can be downloaded from the Elektor Electronics website or the author’s website. That has the added advantage that the latest versions are always available.

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This book is intended as a highly-practical guide for Hobbyists, Engineers and Scientists wishing to build measurement and control systems to be controlled by a local or remote Personal Computer running the Linux operating system. Both hardware and software aspects of designing typical embedded systems are covered in detail with schematics, code listings and full descriptions. Numerous examples have been designed to show clearly how straightforward it can be to create the interfaces between digital and analog electronics, with programming techniques for creating control software for both local and remote systems. Hardware developers will appreciate the variety of circuits, including a novel, low cost modulated wireless link and will discover how using Matlab® overcomes the need for specialist programming skills. Software developers will appreciate how a better understanding of circuits plus the freedom offered by Linux to directly control at the register level enables them to optimize related programs. There is no need to buy special equipment or expensive software tools in order to create embedded projects covered in this book. You can build such quality systems quickly using popular low-cost electronic components and free distributed or low-cost software tools. Some knowledge of basic electronics plus the very basics of C programming only is required. Many projects in this book are developed using Matlab® being a very popular worldwide computational tool for research in engineering and science. The book provides a detailed description of how to combine the power of Matlab® with practical electronics. With an emphasis on learning by doing, readers are encouraged by examples to program with ease; the book provides clear guidelines as to the appropriate programming techniques “on the fly”. Complete and well-documented source code is provided for all projects. If you want to learn how to quickly build Linux-based applications able to collect, process and display data on a PC from various analog and digital sensors, how to control circuitry attached to a computer, then even how to pass data via a network or control your embedded system wirelessly and more – then this is the book for you! Features of this Book Use the power, flexibility and control offered only by a Linux operating system on a PC. Use a free, distributed downloadable GNU C compiler Use (optional) a low-cost Student Version of Matlab®. Use low-cost electronic sub-assemblies for projects. Improve your skills in electronics, programming, networking and wireless design. A full chapter is dedicated to controlling your sound card for audio input and output purposes. Program sound using OSS and ALSA. Learn how to combine electronic circuits, software, networks and wireless technologies in the complete embedded system.

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A Small Basic Approach There are many different PC programming languages available on the market. Some have beautiful names; some have easy to use development tools. Others have incredible power. They all have one thing in common: they assume that you have, or want to have, a knack for technology and difficult to read commands. In this book we take a practical approach to programming. We assume that you simply want to write a PC program, and write it quickly. Not in a professional environment, not in order to start a new career, but for plain and simple fun... or just to get a task done. Therefore we use Small Basic. You will have an application up and running in a matter of minutes. You will understand exactly how it works and be able to write text programs, graphical user interfaces, and advanced drivers. It is so simple; you don't even need to be an adult!

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The 2-channel OWON XDG2035 is a function/waveform generator that can generate signals with a maximum frequency of 35 Hz. The generator has a resolution of 1 µHz and a sample rate of 500 MSa/s. The OWON XDG2035 is capable of generating 6 standard waveforms and 150 arbitrary waveforms. With the included software you can write advanced functions up to 10 million points. Waveforms can be saved to the function generator's internal memory using a PC via USB or LAN. The OWON XDG2035 also supports SCPI commands and LabView. The function generator has an integrated high-quality frequency counter, which can operate from 100 to 200 MHz. Features Max. 35 MHz frequency output 500 MSa/s Sample rate, Vertical resolution 1μHz 14 bits Vertical Resolution, 10 Marb waveform length Comprehensive waveform output: 6 basic waveforms,and 150 built-in arbitrary waveforms Comprehensive modulation functions: AM, FM, PM, FSK, 3FSK, 4FSK, PSK, OSK, ASK, BPSK, PWM, Sweep, and Burst High-accuracy frequency counter integrated, supported range 100-200 MHz SCPI and LabVIEW supported 7 inch multi-touch screen (800 x 480 pixels) Specifications Channel 2 Frequency Output 35 MHz Sample Rate 500 MSa/s Vertical Resolution 14 bits Waveform Standard Waveform sine, square, pulse, ramp, noise, and harmonic Arbitrary Waveform exponential rise, exponential fall, sin(x)/x, step wave, and others, total 150 built-in waveforms, and user-defined arbitrary waveform Frequency (resolution 1 μHz) Sine 1 μHz-100 MHz Square 1 μHz ~ 30 MHz Pulse 1 μHz ~ 25 MHz Ramp 1 μHz ~ 3 MHz Noise (-3 dB, typical) 100 MHz Arbitrary Waveform 1 μHz ~ 15 MHz Harmonic 1 μHz ~ 50 MHz Accuracy ±2ppm, 25°C ±5°C Waveform Length 2 points - 10M points Amplitude Into 50Ω load 1mVpp ~ 10Vpp (≤25 MHz); 1mVpp ~ 5Vpp (≤60 MHz); 1mVpp ~ 2.5Vpp (≤100 MHz) Modulation Type AM, DSB-AM, FM, PM, ASK, FSK, PSK, BPSK, QPSK, 3FSK, 4FSK, OSK, PWM, SUM Frequency Counter Function Frequency, period, +width, -width, +duty, and -duty Frequency Range 100 ~ 200 MHz Frequency Resolution 7 digits Input/Output Input mode frequency counter, external modulation input, external trigger input, internal clock output, external reference clock input/output Communication Interface USB Host, USB Device, LAN, RS232 (optional) Mechanical specifications Dimensions 340 x 177 x 90 mm Weight 2.3 kg Included 1x OWON XDG2035 1x Power Cord 1x CD-ROM 1x Quick start guide 1x USB Cable 1x BNC-BNC Cable Downloads Quick Guide

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This book is about advanced programming of the Raspberry Pi computer using the Python programming language. The book explains in simple terms and with examples: How to configure the Raspberry Pi computer; How to install and use the Linux operating system and the desktop; How to write advanced programs using the Python programming language; How to use graphics in our programs; How to develop hardware based projects using the Raspberry Pi. The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi computer and covers the topics of purchasing all the necessary accessories and installing and operating the Linux operating system in command mode. The network interface of the RPi is explained in simple steps, demonstrating how the computer can be accessed remotely from a desktop or a laptop computer. The remaining parts of the book cover the Python programming language in detail, including advanced topics such as operating system calls, multitasking, interprocess synchronization and interprocess communication techniques. The important topic of network programming using UDP and TCP protocols is described with working examples. The Tkinter graphical user interface module (GUI) is described in detail with example widgets and programs. The last part of the book includes hardware projects based on using the advanced programming topics such as multitasking and interprocess communication techniques. All the projects given in the book have been fully tested and are working. Complete program listings of all projects are provided with detailed explanations.

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This book is about the Raspberry Pi 3 computer and its use in various control and monitoring applications. The book explains in simple terms and with tested and working example projects, how to configure the Raspberry Pi 3 computer, how to install and use the Linux operating system, and how to write hardware based applications programs using the Python programming language. The nice feature of this book is that it covers many Raspberry Pi 3 based hardware projects using the latest hardware modules such as the Sense HAT, Swiss Pi, MotoPi, Camera module, and many other state of the art analog and digital sensors. An important feature of the Raspberry Pi 3 is that it contains on-board Bluetooth and Wi-Fi modules. Example projects are given in the book on using the Wi-Fi and the Bluetooth modules to show how real-data can be sent to the Cloud using the Wi-Fi module, and also how to communicate with an Android based mobile phone using the Bluetooth module. The book is ideal for self-study, and is intended for electronic/electrical engineering students, practising engineers, research students, and for hobbyists. It is recommended that the book should be followed in the given Chapter order. Over 30 projects are given in the book. All the projects in the book are based on the Python programming language and they have been fully tested. Full program listings of every project are given in the book with comments and full descriptions. Experienced programmers should find it easy to modify and update the programs to suit their needs. The following sub-headings are given for each project to make it as easy as possible for the readers to follow the projects: Project title Description Aim of the project Raspberry Pi type Block diagram Circuit diagram Program listing

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. PbMonitor v2.0 UpdateBattery Monitoring with Improved Analog Design Audio Latency MeasurementA Standalone Tool for Evaluating Errors and Latency in Audio Transmission Square Wave vs. Bode PlotChecking the Performances of an Audio Device embedded world 2026 Clever Coding with AIAI in Software Development for Electronics Engineers QA403 Audio AnalyzerAffordable Precision for Audio Professionals and Hobbyists EasyGimbalAutonomous Camera Tracking with AI, Stepper and Servo Motors Sigfox Breakout Board (2)Sending Messages Circuit ProtectionControlling Overvoltages with TVS Diodes Emerging Battery Testing ApproachesA New Era of Diagnostics AudiotronicsA First Preamplifier CANopenTermAn Open-Source Tool That Brings CAN to Makers and Engineers Alike Stabilization of Operational AmplifiersAvoiding Feedback Instability Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Signal ConditioningTips and Tricks to Fit Voltage Ranges TDR Attachment for OscilloscopesLength, Short Circuit, Mismatch: Measure Cables Using Reflections! From Life's ExperienceLED It Be Speaker Oscillator and Resonance TesterA Fully Experimental Project for Your Speakers Elektor Community Perspectives on Test and Measurement ESP32 Audio Transceiver Board (Part 5)Audio Processing and Remote Control 2026: An AI OdysseyAI Has a Context Problem Battery Storage for Balcony Power PlantsSmall Batteries, Big Impact

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The Whadda 3D Xmas Tree Kit is aimed at hobbyists and beginners who are interested in soldering and electronics. With this DIY kit, you can build a festive LED Christmas tree. Features 16 flashing red LEDs Extra green and yellow LEDs provided to customise your tree Can be hung on and fed through wires Will operate on 12 V DC (e.g. in cars) Specifications Low power consumption 8 mA Power supply 9 V battery operation (not included) Dimensions 102 x 88 x 80 mm Weight 65 g Downloads Manual

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The OWON HDS120 is a precise 4½-digit True RMS multimeter (20,000 counts), ideal for professionals, makers, and students. It offers intelligent probe detection, automatic waveform measurements (Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p, Vavg, Vrms, and frequency) and a fully featured handheld oscilloscope (1 MHz). Features Multifunctional Measuring Instrument: 4½-digit Multimeter + Oscilloscope Automatic Waveform Measurements: Including Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p, Vavg, Vrms, and frequency. User-Friendly Design: Clearly labeled keys for easy operation and increased device lifespan. Intelligent Probe Detection: Automatically switches measurement functions based on the probe insertion, effectively preventing instrument damage caused by incorrect operation. Efficient Energy Management: Powered by 18650 lithium batteries, ensuring longer operating time and enhanced reliability for extended measurement tasks. Safe High-Voltage Measurement: Complies with CAT Ⅲ 1000 V standards, allowing safe and direct measurement of high-voltage waveforms up to 1000 V, broadening application possibilities. High-Definition Display: Features a 2.8-inch IPS screen with a wide viewing angle, ensuring clear readability from any perspective. Adaptive Environmental Display: High-brightness and high-contrast dual-theme display modes provide optimal visibility under bright and low-light conditions, improving overall usability. Multimeter Specifications Measurement Range Accuracy DC Voltage (V) 20.000mV / 200.00mV / 2.0000V / 20.000V / 200.00V / 1000.0V ±(0.1%+5dig） AC Voltage (V) 20.000mV / 200.00mV / 6.0000V / 60.000V / 600.00V / 750.00V ±(0.6%+10dig) DC Current (A) 200.00uA / 2000.0uA / 20.000mA / 200.00mA / 2.0000A / 10.000A ±(0.5%+10dig) AC Current (A) 200.00uA / 2000.0uA / 20.000mA / 200.00mA / 2.0000A / 10.000A ±(0.8%+10dig) Resistance (Ω) 200.00Ω / 2.0000kΩ / 20.000kΩ / 200.00KΩ / 2.0000MΩ / 20.000MΩ / 100.00MΩ ±(0.3%+5dig) Capacitance (F) 2.000nF / 20.00nF / 200.0nF / 2.000μF / 20.00μF / 200.0μF / 2.000mF / 20.00mF ±(3.0%+10dig) Frequency (Hz) 200.00Hz / 2.0000kHz / 20.000kHz / 200.00kHz / 2.0000MHz / 20.000MHz ±(0.1%+5dig) Duty Cycle 0.1%~99.9% (typical value: Vrms=1V, f=100Hz) ±(1.2%+3dig) 0.1%~99.9% (≥1kHz) ±(2.5%+10dig) Diode 3.0000V ±(1.0%+10dig) On-Off 1000.0Ω Display 20000 Oscilloscope Specifications Analog bandwidth 1 MHz (only ACV scale) Channel 1 Time base range 2.5us~10s/grid Voltage vertical sensitivity range 30 mV~500 V/grid Vertical amplitude accuracy ±(5% + 0.2div） Maximum voltage limit 1000 V DC+AC Peak value Trigger mode Auto/Normal/Single Auto set Time base/Vertical amplitude/Trigger value Maximum sample 5.0 MSa/s Input impedance ≈10 MΩ Time base accuracy ±(0.01% + 0.1div） Current vertical sensitivity range 100 μA~5 A/grid Measurement function Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p, Vavg, Vrms, Hz Maximum current limit 15 A DC+AC Peak value Trigger edge Rise edge/Fall edge General Specifications Display 2.8" LCD (320 x 240) Low battery indication Yes Backlight Yes Sleep Mode Yes Input Protection Yes Relative Measurement Yes Input Impedance ≥10 MΩ Battery 18650 Lithium Safety Compliance CAT III 1000V Dimensions 93 x 41.5 x 188 mm Weight 0.35 kg Included 1x OWON HDS120 Multimeter & Oscilloscope 2x Multimeter leads 1x USB cable 1x Storage bag 1x Manual Downloads Datasheet Manual

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Low-Noise Lab Power Supply (1)A Quiet Source for Sensitive Circuits STM32 Edge AI Contest 2025: The Winners Batteries TodayTechnology and Differences in Lithium Batteries Adjustable Electronic LoadStatic + Dynamic DC Load Step-Down Converter from 48 V to 5 VThe Story of Circuit Development Autonomous Sensor Node v2.0Part 2: Hardware Validation and Power Optimizations VaristorsPeculiar Parts, the Series Graphical Grid Frequency MeterMonitor Grid Quality Starting Out in Electronics……Brings Its Own End Peak Current Load SMD FerritesMore Resilient Against Current Peaks Elektor Live! Expert Day 2025 Energy Harvesting Set to Accelerate IoT and IIoT Use CasesHow Energy Harvesting Frees IoT from the Grid Fnirsi DPS-150Compact and Portable Power Supply and Converter Adjustable USB-C Power SourceTurn Your USB-C Charger Into an Adjustable Power Supply Simple Charger and Capacity TesterWith Two Cheap “Off-the-Shelf” Modules Smart Color Detector with AI Voice and Playback PbMonitor v2.0Introduction to the Updated Battery Monitoring System A Fan for the Mini Reflow PlateSmart Modifications That Improve Results From Life’s ExperienceThe Tsunami of Indulgence Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters 2026: An AI OdysseyWhen Models Start Dictating the Hardware Precision Picoammeter (2)Assembling, Calibration, and Test Wireless Device Poweringwith Inductive Technology AI-Based Autonomous DrivingThe RDW’s Self Driving Challenge 2024 Sound Card as Signal GeneratorPC as DCF77 Test Transmitter

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The Seeed Studio RF Explorer WSUB1G+ is a powerful, high-performance digital spectrum analyzer covering frequencies from 50 kHz to 1 GHz. The Slim model features a robust design, a more conveniently positioned USB connector on the side, and a larger internal battery capacity. Features Internal LNA amplifier and selectable attenuator Low frequency support from 50 KHz covering LF, MF, HF, VHF and UHF up to 960 Mhz New HELP and SET buttons to improve user interface and configuration selection with 2-clicks Wide band coverage to all popular sub-1 Ghz bands, including FM, TV and DTV, ISM, RFID, GSM, etc. Ideal choice for HAM bands from 160 m to 33 cm Pocket size and light weight Solid metal case Spectrum Analyzer mode with Peak Max and Hold, Normal, Overwrite and Averaging modes High capacity internal Lithium battery for 20hs+ of continuous run, rechargeable by USB Multi-platform Windows/Linux/MacOS Open Source software and API libraries Can be extended with internal Expansion Modules for additional band and functionality Specifications Frequency band: 0.05 MHz – 960 MHz Frequency span: 0.1 MHz – 960 MHz Internal selectable LNA 25 dB gain Internal selectable Attenuator 30 dB Graphics LCD 128 x 64 pixels, great visibility outdoors Support included for Windows, Linux and MacOS X Backlight for great visibility indoor Internal Lithium Ion 1800 mA/h rechargeable battery Standard SMA 50 Ω connector Wideband 144/433 MHz dual band telescopic antenna included UHF 400-900 MHz rubber duck articulated antenna included Amplitude resolution: 0.5 dBm Dynamic range: -125 dBm to 10 dBm Absolute Max input power: +30 dBm Average noise level (typical LNA): -125 dBm Frequency stability and accuracy (typical): ±10 ppm Amplitude stability and accuracy (typical): ±2 dBm Frequency resolution: 1 kHz Resolution bandwidth (RBW): Automatic 2.6 kHz to 600 kHz Included 1x Seeed Studio RF Explorer WSUB1G+ Slim Spectrum Analyzer 1x Mini USB cable 1x Dual band 144/430 MHz Telescopic antenna 1x UHF 400-900 Mhz antenna 1x EVA case

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Features Bandwidth: DC-800 KHz Maximum measurable current: 100 Apk (70.7 Arms) Max. conductor diameter: 13 mm Auto & Manual "Zero" function Directly powered by USB port Standard BNC interface, compatible with any oscilloscope Specifications Bandwidth DC-800 KHz Rise time <= 583 ns Ranges 10 A / 100 A Output sensitivity 0.1 V/A (10 A) 0.01 V/A (100 A) DC accuracy 3% ±50 mA (10 A) 4% ±50 mA (100 A, 500 mA - 40 Apk) 15% (100 A, 40 Apk -100 Apk) Signal delay < 150 ns (10 A) < 200ns (100 A) Current measurement range 50 mA - 10 Apk (10 A) 1 A - 100 Apk (100 A) Max. Voltage CAT III 300 V CAT II 600 V Power supply DC 5 V Downloads Quick Guide Datasheet Manual

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. PIO Programming on the Raspberry Pi PicoNine Instructions, Many Possibilities Breaking AI Out of the BrowserUsing AI CLIs to Code, Compile, and Validate Embedded Projects The Scrutiny DebuggerDebug, Visualize, and Test Embedded C/C++ Code Sigfox Breakout Board (1)A Self-Built Radio BoB Low-Noise Power Supply (2)Construction, Assembly, and Practical Implementation Simple Signal Generator Using the RP2040Analog and Digital Signals for Around €10 Navigating the Future of Smart Homes with Matter and Edge AIAre Matter’s Latest Updates and the Rise of Edge AI Finally Giving Engineers the Tools to Build the Intelligent, Seamless Smart Homes Users Have Been Promised? Differential Pressure SensorsPredictive Maintenance in HVAC-Systems Security by DesignEngineering Fundamentals Limit Failure Embedded Security Is No Longer Optional CRA and PQC Are Rewriting Embedded Security PrioritiesWhy Even Small IoT and Industrial Firms Need an Upgrade Plan embedded world 2026An Interview With Benedikt Weyerer, Executive Director of embedded world Hands on with I3CUsing Hardware from ST and Microchip The BLEnky ProjectRapid Prototyping of Bluetooth Low Energy Applications Pulse Width ModulationFrom a Simple On/Off Thermostat to a Smoothed DC Analog Signal AudiotronicsEar-Pleasing Electronics for DIY Construction From Life’s ExperienceRead The F...ing Manual! ESP32 Audio Transceiver Board (Part 4)Tuning the Clocks - And a Wired Option 2026: An AI OdysseyThe 2025 Vibe-Coding Hangover Symmetrical DC LoadDC Load, Static or Dynamic, and Symmetrical Counting Faces with MaixCAMAn Easy Way to Capture Audience Sizes

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High-quality soldering with the most important tools and consumables, ideal for universal soldering applications. Features Power unit, 1 channel 1-channel Soldering Station digital 90 W (95 W) WTP 90: The soldering iron for universal use with power response tips. Tip family XNT & THM (high mass tips) Lock function Specifications Dimensions W x D x H (mm): 149 x 138 x 101 Dimensions W x D x H (inch): 5.87 x 5.43 x 3.98 Weight (ca) in kg: 1.9 Channels: 1 Voltage: 230 V, 50/60 Hz Heating output: 90 W (95 W) Temperature accuracy °C: ±9 Display: Backlit LCD Temperature range: Adjustable from 50°C - 450°C (150°F - 850°C)Adjustable temperature range varies among tools Temperature stability °C: ±2 Temperature accuracy °F: ±17 Temperature stability °F: ±4 Temperature range (depends on tool) °C: 100-450 Temperature range (depends on tool) °F: 150-850 Equipotential balance: yes Fuse: 0,5 A WT compatible: yes ESD-safe: yes Power cord: EMEA

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The Seeed Studio RF Explorer 3G Combo is a handheld digital spectrum analyzer and an affordable tool for working across a wide range of popular frequency bands. It is based on a highly integrated frequency synthesizer and a double-balanced mixer, providing high performance, compact dimensions, low power consumption, and excellent value. Designed for both indoor and outdoor use, the RF Explorer 3G Combo can also be connected to a PC via a standard Mini-USB 2.0 connector for additional functionality. This model combines a WSUB1G base unit with an RFEMWSUB3G expansion module, supplied fully assembled and tested. It features two SMA connectors and includes two antennas: a dual-band 144/430 MHz telescopic antenna for sub-GHz frequencies and a helical whip antenna for the 2.4 GHz band. Additional frequency-specific antennas may be required for optimal performance in certain supported frequency ranges. This combination provides the wide frequency coverage of the WSUB3G module together with the high sensitivity and fast response of the WSUB1G unit in the commonly used sub-1 GHz frequency range. Features Pocket size and light weight Solid aluminum metal case Includes a transport EVA carry case for RF Explorer Spectrum Analyzer mode with Peak Max and Hold, Normal, Overwrite and Averaging modes Lifetime free firmware upgrades available, open to community requested features High capacity Lipo for 16+ hours of continuous run, rechargeable by USB Windows PC client Open Source Can be extended with internal Expansion Modules for additional band and functionality Wide band coverage to all popular RF frequencies, starting at 15 MHz and going up to 2.7 GHz. This includes very interesting frequency areas such as 2 m HAM radio, all VHF and UHF, FM radio, GPS, WiFi and WiMax, Bluetooth, etc. Firmware: RF Explorer 3G Combo is delivered with upgraded firmware v1.09. Note some of the features and operation accuracy will be improved in upcoming free firmware revisions. Specifications Battery Lithium Cells / Batteries contained in equipment UN3481 - PI967 Frequency band 15-2700 MHz Frequency span 112 KHz - 600 MHz Graphics LCD 128 x 64 pixels, great visibility outdoors PC Windows client Supports Windows (32 and 64 bits) Backlight For great indoor visibility 2 standard SMA 50 ohms connector, One for Sub-GHz wideband Nagoya NA-773 telescopic antenna included and another 2.4 GHz one for 15-2700 MHz band with helical antenna included. Amplitude resolution 0.5 dBm Dynamic range Left SMA port (WSUB1G) -115 dBm to 0 dBm Right SMA port (WSUB3G) -110 dBm to -10 dBm Absolute Max input power Left SMA port (WSUB1G) +5 dBm Right SMA port (WSUB3G) +30 dBm Average noise level (typical) -110 dBm Frequency stability and accuracy (typical) ±10 ppm Amplitude stability and accuracy (typical) ±6 dBm Frequency resolution 1 KHz Resolution bandwidth (RBW) Automatic 3 KHz to 600 KHz Weight 185 g Dimensions 113 x 70 x 25 mm Included Seeed Studio RF Explorer 3G Combo Spectrum Analyzer Nagoya NA-773 wideband telescopic antenna 2.4 GHz band antenna EVA Case Documentation For more info and to get started with your RF Explorer, visit the start page. For questions and support, please visit https://support.rf-explorer.com

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The UT8803E is a portable, AC-powered 3⅚ digital multimeter with 6000 counts with automatic measuring range and large display with backlight. The UT8803E can be used to measure AC/DC voltage, AC/DC current, resistance, frequency, capacitance, inductance, triode (HFE), diode (LED), thyristor (SCR), and on-off switching. Features Extreme value and reference value operation, with analog bargraph Multiple measurement parameters optional D/Q parameters of capacitance and inductance can be measured Measurement resolution 3.5-inch, maximum measurement value 5999 Specifications Measurement Resolution 3⅚, Maximum Measurement Value 5999 Measurement Rate 2-3 measurements/s DC Voltage Range 600 mV~1000 V DC Current Range 600 µA~20 A AC Voltage Range 600 mV~750 V (True RMS) AC Current Range 600 µA~20 A (True-RMS) Resistance Range 600 Ω~60 MΩ Capacitance Range 6 nF~60 mF Inductance Range 600 µH~100 H Frequency Measurement Range 600 Hz~20 MHz Duty Cycle Measurement Range 5%~95% Mathematical Operation Maximum, minimum, relative value, trend chart Interface USB device (can be connected to the upper computer control software) Frequency response 100 KHz Downloads Datasheet User Manual Programming Manual Software

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The Raspberry Pi is a $35 credit-card sized computer with many applications, such as in desktop computing, audio and video playback, and as a controller in many industrial, commercial and domestic applications. This book is about the Raspberry Pi computer and its use in control applications. The book explains in simple terms, with examples, how to configure the RPi, how to install and use the Linux operating system, how to write programs using the Python programming language and how to develop hardware based projects. The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi computer and covers the topics of purchasing all the necessary equipment and installing/using the Linux operating system in command mode. Use of the user-friendly graphical desktop operating environment is explained using example applications. The RPi network interface is explained in simple steps and demonstrates how the computer can be accessed remotely from a desktop or a laptop computer. The remaining parts of the book cover the Python programming language, hardware development tools, hardware interface details, and RPi based hardware projects. All the 23 projects given in the book have been tested and are working. The following headings are given for each project: Project title Project description Project block diagram Project circuit diagram Project program description using the Program Description Language (PDL) Complete program listing Description of the program The book is ideal for self-study, and is intended for electronic/electrical engineering students, practising engineers, research students, and hobbyists.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new concept in intelligent automation and intelligent monitoring using the Internet as the communications medium. The “Things” in IoT usually refer to devices that have unique identifiers and are connected to the Internet to exchange information with each other. Such devices usually have sensors and/or actuators that can be used to collect data about their environments and to monitor and control their environments. The collected data can be processed locally or it can be sent to centralized servers or to the cloud for remote storage and processing. For example, a small device at the size of a matchbox can be used to collect data about the temperature, relative humidity and the atmospheric pressure. This data can be sent and stored in the cloud. Anyone with a mobile device can then access and monitor this data at any time and from anywhere on Earth provided there is Internet connectivity. In addition, users can for example, adjust the central heating remotely using their mobile devices and accessing the cloud. This book is written for students, for practising engineers and for hobbyists who want to learn more about the building blocks of an IoT system and also learn how to setup an IoT system using these blocks. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the IoT systems. In Chapter 2, the basic concepts and possible IoT architectures are discussed. The important parts of any IoT system are the sensors and actuators and they are described briefly in Chapter 3. The devices in an IoT system usually communicate with each other and the important aspect of IoT communication is covered in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 proceeds with the features of some of the commonly used development kits. One of these, the Clicker 2 for PIC18FJ manufactured by mikroElektronika, can be used as a processor in IoT systems and its features are described in detail in Chapter 6. A popular microcontroller C language, mikroC Pro for PIC gets introduced in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 covers the use of a click board with the Clicker 2 for PIC18FJ development kit. Similarly, the use of a sensor click board is described as a project in Chapter 9, and an actuator board in Chapter 10. Chapters 11 and 12 cover Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies in microcontroller based systems, and the remaining chapters of the book demo the creation of a simple Wi-Fi based IoT system with cloud-based data storage. This book has been written with the assumption that the reader has taken a course on digital logic design and has been exposed to writing programs using at least one high-level programming language. Knowledge of the C programming language will be very useful. Also, familiarity with at least one member of the PIC series of microcontrollers (e.g. PIC16 or PIC18) will be an advantage. The knowledge of assembly language programming is not required because all the projects in the book are based on using the C language. If you are a total beginner in programming you can still access the e-book, but first you are advised to study introductory books on microcontrollers.

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