The HT-M00 is a dual-channel gateway that is specifically designed to cater to smart family LoRa applications that work with less than 30 LoRa nodes. The gateway has been built around two SX1276 chips that are driven by ESP32. To enable monitoring of 125 KHz SF7~SF12 spreading factor, a software mixer has been developed, which is commonly referred to as a baseband simulation program. The software mixer is a critical component that enables the HT-M00 gateway to operate with high efficiency. It is designed to simulate baseband signals, which are then mixed with the radio frequency signals to produce the desired output. The software mixer has been developed with great care and precision, and has undergone rigorous testing to ensure that it is capable of delivering accurate and reliable results. Features ESP32 + SX1276 Emulates LoRa demodulators Automatic adaptive spread spectrum factor, SF7 to SF12 for each channel is optional Maximum output: 18 ±1dBm Support for LoRaWAN Class A, Class C protocol Specifications MCU ESP32-D0WDQ6 LoRa Chipset SX1276 LoRa Band 863~870 MHz Power Supply Voltage 5 V Receiving Sensitivity -110 dBm @ 300 bps Interface USB-C Max. TX Power 17dB ±1dB Operating Temperature −20~70°C Dimensions 30 x 76 x 14 mm Included 1x HT-M00 Dual Channel LoRa Gateway 1x Wall bracket 1x USB-C cable Downloads Manual Software Documentation

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The HiFiBerry DAC+ ADC is an analog-to-digital and a digital-to-analog converter for the Raspberry Pi. This unique sound card for the Raspberry Pi is optimized for one specific use case: the best audio playback quality. Features Stereo input and output Dedicated 192 kHz / 24-bit high-quality Burr-Brown DAC Dedicated 192 kHz / 24-bit high-quality Burr-Brown ADC Hardware volume control for DAC. The output volume can be controlled using “alsamixer” or any application that supports ALSA mixer controls. Connects directly onto the Raspberry Pi. No soldering required. Compatible with all Raspberry Pi models, that have a 40-pin GPIO connector No additional power supply required. Three ultra-low-noise linear voltage regulators. HAT compliant, EEPROM for automatic configuration. Gold plated RCA output connectors. Includes 4 M 2.5 x 12 mm spacers. Balanced/unbalanced input connector (P6) The 5-pin connector can be used to connect a balanced input. Please note that the balanced input has to be selected with the jumpers and will always have a 12 dB gain. It shouldn't be used with line-level inputs. Pin 1 is on the left. right + right – GND left – left + Output connector (P5) The output connector realizes connections to external components like an amplifier. Pin 1 is on the top left. +5 V 1 2 R GND 3 4 GND +5 V 5 6 L Input gain settings (J1) The jumper block is responsible for the input configuration. It is recommended to use the default setting without additional input gain. 32 dB gain can be used to connect dynamic microphones. Jumpers are numbered from top to bottom. 1 2 3 4 function 1 0 0 – 0 dB gain 0 1 1 – 12 dB gain 0 1 0 – 32 dB gain 0 0 1 – balanced input, 12 dB gain Specifications Maximum input voltage: 2.1 Vrms - 4.2 Vrms for balanced input Maximum output voltage: 2.1 Vrms ADC signal-to-noise ratio: 110 dB DAC signal-to-noise ratio: 112 dB ADC THD+N: -93 dB DAC THD+N: -93 dB Input voltage for lowest distortions: 0.8 Vrms Input gain (configurable with Jumpers): 0 dB, 12 dB, 32 dB Power consumption: <0.3 W Sample rates: 44.1 kHz - 192 kHz In order to use the HiFiBerry DAC + ADC, your Raspberry Pi Linux kernel must be at least version 4.18.12. Click here to learn how to update the Raspberry Pi kernel Using microphones with the DAC+ ADC The DAC+ ADC is equipped with a stereo analogue input that can be configured for a wide range of input voltages. It performs best with line-level analogue sources. However, it is also possible to use it as a microphone input. You can only use dynamic microphones. Microphones that require a power supply are not supported. The microphone output voltage is very low. This means you need to amplify it. The DAC+ ADC has the necessary pre-amplifier already equipped. You will have to set the jumpers correctly. The sound from the input won’t be played back automatically on the output. You will have to use some software that reads the input and outputs it again. Setting the correct input amplifier settings for a microphone By default, the input sensitivity is matched for line-level audio sources. This is done via a jumper on the J1 header. Audio input to output There is no direct connection between the input and the output. That leads to the input from the connected microphone to not be played back automatically. If you want to hear it on the output, you need to use the command line tool alsaloop can be used for this.

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Nobody has any doubt that valve amplifiers produce a remarkably beautiful sound. They have a lively, deep, clear, and expressive sound, and dynamically they do not appear to have any limitations. The author investigates, in a systematic theoretical approach, the reasons for these beautiful properties. He develops new models for power valves and transformers, thus enabling the designer to determine the properties of the amplifier during the design process. Mathematical models for the coupling of power valve(s) and output transformer are provided. These will generate new insights in a special kind of distortion: the dynamic damping factor distortion (DDFD). With mathematical models in the complex domain, especially the properties at the limits of our hearing range (from 20 Hz to 20 kHz) are investigated and the minimal stability criteria for the amplifier are formulated. The often-applied negative feedback in amplifiers is extensively modelled and discussed in relation to our hearing appreciating. And after all this theory a fine selection of special amplifiers is presented and discussed. You will notice in this book that the author not only writes about amplifier technique, but tells about the way the development of valve amplifiers can have an influence on your daily life; even the usefulness of patents is discussed. Summarizing: new theories and solutions for perfect audio with valve amplifiers. Not only the professional and the DIY-er but everyone who wants to understand valve amplifiers will read this book with much pleasure.

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The QAV250 Kit is the perfect way to get started developing on either PX4 or Ardupilot. It pairs a carbon fiber 250 racing frame and essential electronics with Pixhawk 6C mini autopilot. The kit is easy to assemble. No soldering needed. Specifications Micro Power Module (PM06 v2) Motors: 2207 KV1950 Wheelbase: 250 mm Dimensions: 198 x 235 x 70 mm Weight: 347 g Included Carbon fiber 250 airframe with hardware Micro Power Module (PM06 v2) Motors: 2207 KV1950 5' Plastic Props Fully assembled Power Management Board with ESCs (BLHeli S ESC 20A) Battery Straps Note: LiPo battery is not included.

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The X500 V2 ARF Kit is an affordable, lightweight, and robust carbon fiber professional drone kit that is easy to assemble (less than 15 minutes). It comes with the X500 V2 Frame Kit and motors, ESCs, power distribution boards and propellers preinstalled. It is perfectly compatible with various flight controllers such as the Holybro Pixhawk series, Durandal, Pix32 V5, etc. There are numerous improvements compared the previous model. Specifications Wheelbase: 500 mm Motor mount pattern: 16x16 mm Frame body: 144x144 mm, 2 mm thick Landing gear height: 215 mm Space between top and bottom plates: 28 mm Weight: 610 g Flight time: ~18 minutes hover with no additional payload. Tested with 5000 mAh battery. Payload: 1500 g (without battery, 70% throttle) Battery recommendation: 4S 3000-5000 mAh 20C+ with XT60 Lipo battery (not Included) Included X500 V2 Frame Kit With Preinstalled Items: 4x Motors: Holybro 2216 KV920 Motor (4 pcs) with XT30 Plug 4x ESCs (BLHeli S ESC 20A) 6x 1045 Propellers Power Distribution Board – XT60 plug for battery & XT30 plug for ESCs & peripherals Note: Depth camera mount is sold separately.

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Affordable solutions with the ESP8266 and 3D printing If you are looking for a small yet powerful IoT device, you are likely to come across the ESP8266 and compatible products on the market today. One of these, the Wemos/Lolin D1 Mini Pro board strikes a remarkable balance between cost and performance. A small and very affordable prototype board, the D1 Mini Pro stands out with its WiFi functionality and a 16-Mbytes flash memory for easy creation of a flash file system. In addition, there are sufficient input and output pins (only one analog input though) to support PWM, I²C, and One-Wire systems to mention but a few. The book describes the operation, modding, construction, and programming of home appliances including a colorful smart home accessory, a refrigerator/greenhouse controller, an AC powerline monitor, a door lock monitor, and an IKEA Trådfri controller. As a benefit, all firmware developed for these DIY, "IoT-ized" devices can be updated over-the-air (OTA). For most of the designs in the book, a small printed circuit board (PCB) and an enclosure are presented so readers can have a finished and attractive-looking product. Readers having – or with access to! – a 3D printer can "print" the suggested enclosures at home or in a shop. Some of the constructions benefit from a Raspberry Pi configured as a gateway or cms server. This is also described in detail with all the necessary configuring. You don’t need to be an expert but the prerequisites to successful replication of the projects include basic skills with PC software including the ability to surf the Internet. In terms of hardware, you should be comfortable with soldering and generally assembling the PCBs presented in the book. All custom software written for the IoT devices, the PCB layouts, and 3D print files described in the book are available for free downloading.

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Projects with Arduino, ESPHome, Home Assistant, and Raspberry Pi & Co. This e-book contains various example projects, beginning with an introduction to electronics. It also explains how to install Home Assistant on a Raspberry Pi, how to use indoor climate sensors for temperature and humidity, how to implement the MQTT protocol and other interfaces, and how to use ESPHome to integrate sensors and actuators into Home Assistant. Numerous video tutorials complement the book. Fundamentals of electrical engineering The book begins with an introduction to electrical engineering. You will learn the basics of voltage, current, resistors, diodes and transistors. Arduino and microcontrollers A complete section is dedicated to the Arduino Uno. You will get to know the structure, write your first programs and work on practical examples. Home Assistant and automation You will learn how to set up Home Assistant on a Raspberry Pi and how to use automations, scenes and devices. In addition, Zigbee, MQTT and ESP-NOW – important technologies for home automation – will be discussed. ESP8266, ESP32 and ESP32-CAM The popular ESP microcontrollers are covered in detail. A theoretical introduction is followed by practical projects that show you how to get the most out of these devices. Sensors and actuators The book explains the functionality and application of numerous sensors such as temperature and humidity sensors, motion detectors and RFID readers. For actuators, stepper motors, e-ink displays, servo motors and much more are covered. There are practical application examples for all devices. ESPHome This chapter shows you how to integrate sensors and actuators into Home Assistant without any programming effort. You will be guided step by step through the setup with ESPHome. LEDs and lighting technology In this chapter, you will learn about different types of LEDs and how they can be used. The basics of lighting technology are also explained. Node-RED A whole chapter is dedicated to Node-RED. You will learn the basics of this powerful tool and be guided step by step through its setup and use. Integrated Circuits (ICs) In electronics, there are numerous ICs that make our lives easier. You will get to know the most important ones and apply your knowledge in practical projects. Professional programming Advanced topics such as the correct use of buttons, the use of interrupts and the use of an NTP server for time synchronisation are covered in detail in this chapter. Downloads GitHub

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Using the RFID Starter Kit An Arduino board has now become ‘the’ basic component in the maker community. No longer is an introduction to the world of microcontrollers the preserve of the expert. When it comes to expanding the capabilities of the basic Arduino board however, the developer is still largely on his own. If you really want to build some innovative projects it’s often necessary to get down to component level. This can present many beginners with major problems. That is exactly where this book begins. This book explains how a wide variety of practical projects can be built using items supplied in a single kit together with the Arduino board. This kit, called the 'RFID Starter Kit for Arduino' (SKU 17240) is not just limited to RFID applications but contains more than 30 components, devices and modules covering all areas of modern electronics. In addition to more simple components such as LEDs and resistors there are also complex and sophisticated modules that employ the latest technology such as: A humidity sensor A multicolor LED A large LED matrix with 64 points of light A 4-character 7-segment LED display An infra red remote-controller unit A complete LC-display module A servo A stepper motor and controller module A complete RFID reader module and security tag On top of that you will get to build precise digital thermometers, hygrometers, exposure meters and various alarm systems. There are also practical devices and applications such as a fully automatic rain sensor, a sound-controlled remote control system, a multifunctional weather station and so much more. All of the projects described can be built using the components supplied in the Elektor kit.

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An assortment of coloured wires: you know it's a beautiful thing. Six different colours of stranded wire in a cardboard dispenser box. Sit this on your workbench, and stop worrying about having a piece of wire around! Included 22 AWG 25 ft / Spool 6 Spools in Six Different Colors Colours are Red, Blue, Yellow, Green, Black, and White Dispenser Box

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These 10 cm long hot glue sticks are compatible with all standard hot glue guns with a diameter of 7.2 mm.

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From Rubbing Amber to Swiping Glass "The story of electricity, told one connection at a time."Why does rubbing amber attract dust? How did we go from that curious effect to a world where screens respond to a single touch? And how did we get from mysterious sparks to tiny chips packed with billions of transistors? For centuries, electricity puzzled and fascinated those who encountered its curious effects—long before it even had a name. From the earliest observations of static charge to the complex electronics that shape our lives today, this book traces the gradual, and often surprising, story of how humanity came to understand and harness this powerful force. This book offers an engaging and accessible account of the people, ideas, and inventions that transformed electricity from a scientific curiosity into the foundation of our digital age. Along the way, you’ll meet a host of inquisitive minds—some famous, others less so—whose persistence and creativity helped unravel the mysteries of the natural world and gave rise to the technologies we now take for granted. Covering everything from Leyden jars and batteries to transistors, microcontrollers and the internet, this book presents a clear and enjoyable overview of electronics and its relatively short, yet rich, history. Whether you have a technical background or simply a curiosity about how things work, From Rubbing Amber to Swiping Glass offers a thoughtful look at how far we’ve come—and a gentle nudge to wonder what might come next.

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The Hti HT-18+ is a professional thermal imaging camera designed for precise temperature measurements and real-time thermal imaging. It has an impressive infrared resolution of 256 x 192 pixels at a frame rate of 25 Hz, resulting in clear and detailed thermal images. The temperature measurement range extends from −20°C to +550°C, with a measurement accuracy of ±2°C or ±2%. The camera is equipped with a 3.2-inch color display for easy viewing of thermal images. It offers five different color palettes – rainbow, iron red, cold color, black and white and white and black – to adapt the display to different requirements. It also has a built-in memory of 4 GB for storing images and videos in JPG or MP4 format, which can be transferred to a computer via a USB connection. Specifications Infrared resolution 256 x 192 Infrared response band 8 to 14 μm Cell size 12 μm NETD ≤50 mK @ 25°C, @F/1.1 Lens focal length 3.2 mm IFOV 3.75 mrad Field angle 56° x 42° Focus mode Free focus Temperature measurement range −20°C~550°C (−4~1022°F) Measurement accuracy −15°C to 550°C (±2°C or ±2%)−20°C to −15°C (±4°C) Temperature measurement resolution 0.1°C Temperature measurement mode Center point/hot and cold spot tracking Color palette Rainbow, iron oxide red, cold color, black & white, white & black Emissivity setting Adjustable from 0.01 to 1.00 Thermal imaging frame rate ≤25 Hz Visible light resolution 640 x 480 Display size 3.2-inch (240 x 320) Image display mode Infrared/visible light/dual light fusion Device storage Built-in 4 GB eMMC (user available storage space is about 3 GB Storage Image/Video Format JPG/MP4 Image/video export method USB connection to computer export Image analysis function Support offline analysis on PC Battery Type Dedicated removable rechargeable Lithium battery Battery capacity 2200 mAh Working time 2 to 3 hours Power interface Micro USB Power configuration 5 minutes, 20 minutes, no automatic shutdown Working temperature −10°C to +50°C Relative humidity 10% to 85% RH (non-condensing) Menu languages English, German, Italian, Chinese Dimensions 90 x 105 x 223 mm Weight 389 g Included 1x Hti HT-18+ Thermal Imaging Camera 1x USB cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual

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The HuskyLens AI Camera intuitive design allows the user to control different aspects of the camera just by pressing buttons. You can start and stop learning new objects and even switch between algorithms from the device. To further reduce the need to be connected to a PC the HuskyLens AI Camera comes with a 2-inch display so you can see what's going on in real time. Specifications Processor: Kendryte K210 Image Sensor: OV2640 (2.0 Megapixel Camera) Supply Voltage: 3.3~5.0 V Current Consumption (TYP): 320 mA @ 3.3 V, 230 mA @ 5.0 V (face recognition mode; 80% backlight brightness; fill light off) Connection Interface: UART, I²C Display: 2.0-inch IPS screen with 320x240 resolution Built-in Algorithms: Face Recognition, Object Tracking, Object Recognition, Line Tracking, Color Recognition, Tag Recognition Dimension: 52 x 44.5 mm (2.05 x 1.75') Included 1x HuskyLens Mainboard 6x M3 Screws 6x M3 Nuts 1x Small Mounting Bracket 1x Heightening Bracket 1x Gravity 4-Pin Sensor Cable

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HyperPixel 4.0 Square has all the great features of our standard HyperPixel 4.0 – a crisp, brilliant IPS display with touchscreen, and high-speed DPI interface – it's just more square! This square version of HyperPixel 4.0 is great for custom interfaces and control panels, and works really well for Pico-8 games. Everything is pre-soldered and ready to go, just pop it onto your RPi, run our installer, and away you go! Features High-speed DPI interface 4.0" IPS (wide viewing angle, 160°) display (72x72 mm) 720x720 pixels (~254 PPI) 18-bit colour (262,144 colors) 60 FPS frame rate Optional capacitive touchscreen 40-pin female header included to boost height for Raspberry Pi B+, 2, 3, 3B+ and 4 Standoffs included to securely attach to your RPi Compatible with all 40-pin header Raspberry Pi models One-line installer HyperPixel 4.0 Square uses a high-speed DPI interface, allowing it to shift 5x more pixel data than the usual SPI interface that these small RPi displays normally use. It has a 60 FPS frame rate and a resolution of approximately 254 pixels per inch (720x720px) on its 4.0' display. The display can show 18-bits of colour (262,144 colors). This Touch version has a capacitive touch display that's more sensitive and responsive to touch than a resistive touch display, and it's capable of multi-touch! Please note: when installing HyperPixel 4.0 Square onto your RPi make sure not to press down on the screen surface! Hold the board by its edges and wiggle it to mate with the extended header (or GPIO header). Also take care not to pull on the edges of the glass display when removing your HyperPixel. It'll work with any 40-pin version of the RPi, including RPi Zero and RPi Zero W. If you're using it with a larger RPi then use the extra 40-pin header that's included to boost it up to the required height. If you're using a Zero or Zero W then just pop it straight onto the GPIO. The included standoff kit allows you to mount your HyperPixel 4.0 Square safely and securely to your RPi. Just screw them into the posts on the underside of the HyperPixel 4.0 Square PCB and then secure with screws through the mounting holes on your RPi. Downloads GitHub

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The iCEBreaker FPGA board is an open-source educational FPGA development board. The iCEBreaker is great for classes and workshops teaching the use of the open source FPGA design flow through Yosys, nextpnr, IceStorm, Icarus Verilog, Amaranth HDL and others. This means the board is low cost and has a nice set of features to allow for the design of interesting classes and workshop exercises. At the same time it allows the user to use the proprietary vendor tools if they choose to. After the workshop the boards can be easily used as a development board as most GPIO are exposed, broken out and configurable through jumpers on the back of the board. There is only a minimal amount of buttons and LED that can't be disconnected and used for your own purposes. Documentation Workshop

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The ICL8038 signal generator delivers versatile waveforms, including sine, triangle, square, and forward/reverse sawtooth, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. Powered by the ICL8038 chip and high-speed operational amplifiers, it ensures exceptional precision and signal stability. With a frequency range of 5 Hz to 400 kHz, it supports applications from audio to radio frequencies. Its adjustable duty cycle, ranging from 2% to 95%, allows for precise waveform customization to meet various needs. The DIY kit is beginner-friendly, featuring through-hole components for easy assembly. It includes all necessary parts, an acrylic shell, and a detailed manual, providing everything required to build and use the signal generator efficiently. Specifications Frequency range 5 Hz~400 KHz (adjustable) Power supply voltage 12 V~15 V Duty cycle range 2~95% (adjustable) Low distortion sine wave 1% Low temperature drift 50 ppm/°C Output triangular wave linearity 0.1% DC bias range −7.5 V~7.5 V Output amplitude range 0.1 V~11 VPP (working voltage 12 V) Dimensions 89 x 60 x 35 mm Weight 81 g Included PCB incl. all necessary components Acrylic shell Manual

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The Pro Tech Toolkit is the one thing every DIYer, fixer, hacker, hobbyist, and professional needs to tackle any job. Every tool in the Pro Tech Toolkit has been re-engineered to be better. From the 64 Bit Driver Kit to the iFixit Opening Picks, every tool is specially designed and selected to maximize your repair capabilities. At the core of this kit is the iFixit 64 Bit Driver Kit, designed with extensive research into what fastener types are currently used in the consumer electronics industry and which legacy fasteners are still in demand by consumers. From the Apple Watch with its new tiny Tri-Point screws to vintage Nintendo game consoles with gamebit fasteners, the 64 bit kit covers them all with the highest quality CNC machined bits. Even the sturdy case was carefully engineered, having no hinges or latches to break, and features a sorting tray inside the magnetically attached lid. High-Performance Toolkit for DIY Repairs The perfect toolkit for pros to average joes. Contains all the poking, prying, gripping, lifting, ESD safety, and screw driving tools needed to service consumer electronics. Completely re-engineered to provide all the tools that you need, and none that you don't. Included Anti-Static Wrist Strap – protection for circuits against static electricity Small Suction Handle – suction handle for holding onto things lacking handles 3x iFixit Opening Tool – soft plastic prying tools 6x iFixit Opening Picks – thin prying tool for opening electronic devices Nylon Tipped Reverse Tweezers – to elevate and hold your work Angled ESD Tweezers – ESD-safe, feature teeth for tougher grip Blunt ESD Tweezers – ESD-safe, feature teeth for tougher grip Standard Spudger – tough antistatic tool for a variety of purposes Halberd Spudger – features a hook for scooping, scraping, pulling, and guiding.ESD-safe. Metal Spudger – for more powerful prying, scraping, probing, and poking action Jimmy – handy tool for 'Jimmy'ing open electronics. Magnetic Pad – Holds tiny screws and parts during repairs Tool Roll – Durable and compact Mako Precision Bit Set – all the bits needed for repairs on small electronics Mako Precision Bit Set Includes 64 Bit Driver 150 mm Flex Extension 4 mm Screwdriver Bits Phillips – 000, 00, 0, 1, 2 Flathead – 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4 mm Torx – T2, T3, T4, T5 Torx Security – TR6, TR7, TR8, TR9, TR10, TR15, TR20, TR25 Pentalobe – P2, P5, P6 JIS – J000, J00, J0, J1 Hex – 0.7, 0.9, 1.3, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 mm Tri-point – Y000, Y00, Y0, Y1 Nut Driver – 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 mm Square – 1, 2 Gamebit – 3.8, 4.5 mm Spanner – 6, 8 Triangle – 2, 3 mm Standoff Bit for iPhone Oval Bit Magnetic Pickup Bit SIM Eject Bit 1/4" to 4 mm Driver Adapter

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This is another great IIC/I²C/TWI/SPI Serial Interface. As the pin resources of controller is limited, your project may be not able to use normal LCD shield after connected with a certain quantity of sensors or SD card. However, with this I²C interface module, you will be able to realize data display via only 2 wires. If you already has I²C devices in your project, this LCD module actually cost no more resources at all. It is fantastic for based project. I²C Address: 0X20~0X27 (the original address is 0X20,you can change it yourself) The backlight and contrast is adjusted by potentiometer Comes with 2 IIC interface, which can be connected by Dupont Line or IIC dedicated cable I²C Address: 0x27 (I²C Address: 0X20~0X27 (the original address is 0X27,you can change it yourself) Specifications Compatible for 1602 LCD Supply voltage: 5 V Weight: 5 g Size: 5.5 x 2.3 x 1.4 cm

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