Master the software tools behind the STM32 microcontroller This book is project-based and aims to teach the software tools behind STM32 microcontroller programming. Author Majid Pakdel has developed projects using various different software development environments including Keil MDK, IAR Embedded Workbench, Arduino IDE and MATLAB. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit to their own needs. This book is written for students, established engineers, and hobbyists. STM32 microcontroller development boards including the STM32F103 and STM32F407 are used throughout the book. Readers should also find it easy to use other ARM-based development boards. Advanced Programming with STM32 Microcontrollers includes: Introduction to easy-to-use software tools for STM32 Accessing the features of the STM32 Practical, goal oriented learning Complete code available online Producing practical projects with ease Topics cover: Pulse Width Modulation Serial Communication Watchdog Timers I²C Direct Memory Access (DMA) Finite State Machine Programming ADCs and DACs External Interupts Timers and Counters

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Whistle And It Chirps Back At You! Although birds of all sorts are lovingly owned and watched by many people, sadly most of them have not yet learnt to communicate with us. This all-electronic bird takes a step in the right direction: when you whistle at it, it chirps back! Features Responds to Whistling Adjustable Bird Sounds (Tone and Length) Elektor Heritage Circuit Symbols Tried & Tested by Elektor Labs Educational & Geeky Project Through-Hole Parts Only Included Printed Circuit Board All Components Wooden Stand Bill of Materials Resistors R1,R2 = 2.2kΩ R3,R4,R13 = 47kΩ R5 = 4.7kΩ R6 = 3.3kΩ R7,R10,R11,R12,R17 = 100kΩ R8,R19,R23 = 1kΩ R9 = 1MΩ R14,R15 = 10kΩ R16,R18 = 470kΩ R20 = 68kΩ R21 = 10MΩ R22 = 2.7kΩ R24 = 22Ω P1,P2 = 1MΩ P3,P5 = 470kΩ P4 = 100kΩ Capacitors C1,C2,C12 = 100nF C3,C4 = 10nF C5 = 22μF, 16V C6,C7,C11 = 10μF, 16V C8 = 2.2μF, 100V C9 = 1μF, 50V C10 = 2.2nF C13 = 10nF Semiconductors D1,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7,D8 = 1N4148 D2 = 3V3 Zener diode T1,T2 = BC557B T3 = BC547B T4 = BC327-40 IC1 = TL084CN IC2 = 4093 Miscellaneous BT1 = wired battery clip for 6LR61/PP3 LS1 = miniature loudspeaker, 8Ω, 0.5W S1 = switch, slide, SPDT MIC1 = electret microphone PCB 230153-1 v1.1

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The Elektor Super Servo Tester can control servos and measure servo signals. It can test up to four servo channels at the same time. The Super Servo Tester comes as a kit. All the parts required to assemble the Super Servo Tester are included in the kit. Assembling the kit requires basic soldering skills. The microcontroller is already programmed. The Super Servo Tester features two operating modes: Control/Manual and Measure/Inputs. In Control/Manual mode the Super Servo Tester generates control signals on its outputs for up to four servos or for the flight controller or ESC. The signals are controlled by the four potentiometers. In Measure/Inputs the Super Servo Tester measures the servo signals connected to its inputs. These signals may come from for instance an ESC, a flight controller, or the receiver or another device. The signals are also routed to the outputs to control the servos or the flight controller or ESC. The results are shown on the display. Specifications Operating modes Control/Manual & Measure/Inputs Channels 3 Servo signal inputs 4 Servo signal outputs 4 Alarm Buzzer & LED Display 0.96' OLED (128 x 32 pixels) Input voltage on K5 7-12 VDC Input voltage on K1 5-7.5 VDC Input current 30 mA (9 VDC on K5, nothing connected to K1 and K2) Dimensions 113 x 66 x 25 mm Weight 60 g Included Resistors (0.25 W) R1, R3 1 kΩ, 5% R2, R4, R5, R6, R7, R9, R10 10 kΩ, 5% R8 22 Ω, 5% P1, P2, P3, P4 10 kΩ, lin/B, vertical potentiometer Capacitors C1 100 µF 16 V C2 10 µF 25 V C3, C4, C7 100 nF C5, C6 22 pF Semiconductors D1 1N5817 D2 LM385Z-2.5 D3 BZX79-C5V1 IC1 7805 IC2 ATmega328P-PU, programmed LED1 LED, 3 mm, red T1 2N7000 Miscellaneous BUZ1 Piezo buzzer with oscillator K1, K2 2-row, 12-way pinheader, 90° K5 Barrel jack K4 1-row, 4-way pin socket K3 2-row, 6-way boxed pinheader S1 Slide switch DPDT S2 Slide switch SPDT X1 Crystal, 16 MHz 28-way DIP socket for IC2 Elektor PCB OLED display, 0.96', 128 x 32 pixels, 4-pin I²C interface Links Elektor Magazine Elektor Labs

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Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3 has equipped a highly-integrated ESP32-C3 chip, built around a 32-bit RISC-V chip processor with a four-stage pipeline that operates at up to 160 MHz.The board equips highly-integrated ESP32-C3 SoC. The chip has been installed with a complete 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi subsystem which means it supports Station mode, SoftAP mode, SoftAP & Station mode, and promiscuous mode for multiple Wi-Fi applications. It works under an ultra-low power state, also supporting features of Bluetooth 5 and Bluetooth mesh. There are 400 KB SRAM & 4 MB Flash on the chip, allowing for more programming space, and bringing more possibilities to the IoT control scenarios.Applications Internet of Things Wearable devices Health monitoring Education Low-Power (LP) networking Rapid prototyping Features Outstanding RF performance: Powerful ESP32-C3 SoC and U.FL antenna provided that supports WiFi/Bluetooth connection over 100 m. Thumb-size Design: 21 x 17.5 mm overall dimension, portable and lightweight. Low power consumption: Lowest as 44 μA (deep sleep mode), with 4 working modes available. Onboard battery charge IC: Supports battery charging, great for various wearable scenarios and wireless IoT applications. Specifications Processor ESP32-C3 SoC RISC-V single-core 32-bit chip processor with a four-stage pipeline that operates at up to 160 MHz Wireless Complete 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi subsystem Bluetooth 5.0 / Bluetooth mesh On-chip Memory 400 KB SRAM & 4 MB Flash Interface 1x UART, 1x I²C, 1x I²S, 1x SPI, 11x GPIO (PWM), 4x ADC 1x Reset button, 1x Boot button Dimensions 21 x 17.5 mm Power Circuit operating voltage: 3.3 V @ 200 mA Charging current: 50 mA/100 mA Input voltage (VIN): 5 V Deep Sleep Power Consumption Deep Sleep Model: >44 μA Wi-Fi Enabled Power Consumption Active Model: <75 mA Modem-sleep Model: <25 mA Light-sleep Model: <4 mA BLE Enabled Power Consumption Modem-sleep Model: <27 mA Light-sleep Model: <10 mA Included 1x Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3 1x Antenna Downloads XIAO ESP32 Pinout ESP32-C3 Datasheet

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Features SPI-compatible, easy to drive Standard Raspberry Pi Pico header, supports Raspberry Pi Pico series Comes with development resources and manual (Raspberry Pi Pico C/C++ and MicroPython examples) Specifications Operating voltage 5 V Digits 4 Dispaly size 0.4 inch LED color red Driver 74HC595 Display part no. FJ4401AH Dimensions 52 × 21 mm

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An Ultra-Rapid Programming Course This book serves as the very first step to for novices to learn Python programming. The book is divided into ten chapters. In the first chapter, readers are introduced to the basics of Python. It has the detailed instructions for installation on various platforms such as macOS, Windows, FreeBSD, and Linux. It also covers the other aspects of Python programming such as IDEs and Package Manager. The second chapter is where the readers get an opportunity to have a detailed hands-on with Python programming. It covers a group of built-in data structures popularly known as Python Collections. The third chapter covers the important concepts of strings, functions, and recursion. The fourth chapter focuses on the Object-Oriented Programming with Python. The fifth chapter discusses most commonly used custom data structures such as stack and queue. The sixth chapter spurs the creativity of the readers with Python’s Turtle graphics library. The seventh chapter explores animations and game development using the Pygame library. The eighth chapter covers handling data stored in a variety of file formats. The ninth chapter covers the area of Image processing with Wand library in Python. The tenth and the final chapter presents an array of assorted handy topics in Python. The entire book follows a step-by-step approach. The explanation of the topic is always followed by a detailed code example. The code examples are also explained in suitable detail and they are followed by the output in the form of text or screenshot wherever possible. Readers will become comfortable with Python programming language by closely following the concepts and the code examples in this book. The book also has references to external resources for readers to explore further. A download of the software code, and links to tutorial videos can be found on the Elektor website.

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The ZD-5L Hot Glue Gun is a versatile and easy-to-use tool designed for household, DIY, and professional use. It features a compact and lightweight design for comfortable handling, and its built-in stand ensures safe and stable operation. Whether you're a DIY enthusiast or a professional, this Glue Gun is a perfect addition to your toolkit, an efficient and practical solution for bonding, repairing, and creating. It is ideal for various materials like glass, cardboard, metal, plastic, leather, fabric and more. The ZD-5L uses 7.2 mm glue sticks. It is powered by an 18650 battery and charged via USB-C. Specifications Charging Voltage 5 V DC Charging Current Adaptive, 2 A (max) Charging Interface USB-C Battery 18650 Lithium Glue Stick 7.2 mm OD Heat-up time approx. 2 min. Time of Use approx. 60 min. Sleep Time 5 min. without action Included 1x ZD-5L Glue Gun 1x 18650 Lithium battery (2200 mAh) 2x Glue Sticks (10 cm) 1x USB cable

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The Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W is a microcontroller board based on the RP2350 featuring 2.4 GHz 802.11n wireless LAN and Bluetooth 5.2. It gives you even more flexibility in your IoT or smart product designs and expanding the possibilities for your projects. The RP2350 provides a comprehensive security architecture built around Arm TrustZone for Cortex-M. It incorporates signed boot, 8 KB of antifuse OTP for key storage, SHA-256 acceleration, a hardware TRNG, and fast glitch detectors. The unique dual-core, dual-architecture capability of the RP2350 allows users to choose between a pair of industry-standard Arm Cortex-M33 cores and a pair of open-hardware Hazard3 RISC-V cores. Programmable in C/C++ and Python, and supported by detailed documentation, the Raspberry Pi Pico 2 W is the ideal microcontroller board for both enthusiasts and professional developers. Specifications CPU Dual Arm Cortex-M33 or dual RISC-V Hazard3 processors @ 150 MHz Wireless On-board Infineon CYW43439 single-band 2.4 GHz 802.11n wireless Lan and Bluetooth 5.2 Memory 520 KB on-chip SRAM; 4 MB on-board QSPI flash Interfaces 26 multi-purpose GPIO pins, including 4 that can be used for AD Peripherals 2x UART 2x SPI controllers 2x I²C controllers 24x PWM channels 1x USB 1.1 controller and PHY, with host and device support 12x PIO state machines Input power 1.8-5.5 V DC Dimensions 21 x 51 mm Downloads Datasheet Pinout Schematic

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The TV-B-Gone universal remote control allows you to turn virtually any TV On or OFF. You control when you see TV, rather than what you see. The TV-B-Gone Keychain remote is so small that it easily fits in your pocket so that you have it handy whenever you need it, wherever you go: bars, restaurants, laundromats, ballparks, arenas, etc.The TV-B-Gone Kit is a great way to teach about electronics. When soldered together, it allows you to turn off almost any television within 150 feet or more. It works on over 230 total power codes – 115 American/Asian and another 115 European codes. You can select which zone you want during kit assembly.This is an unassembled kit which means that soldering and assembly is required – but it’s very easy and a great introduction to soldering in general.This kit makes the popular TV-B-Gone remote more fun because you created it yourself with some basic soldering and assembly! Show your friends and family how technologically savvy you are, and entertain them with the power of the TV-B-Gone!The kit is powered by 2x AA batteries and the output comes from 2x narrow beam IR LEDs and 2x wide-beam IR LEDs.IncludedAll required parts/componentsRequiredTools, soldering iron, and batteriesDownloadsGitHub

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Technology is constantly changing. New microcontrollers become available every year. The one thing that has stayed the same is the C programming language used to program these microcontrollers. If you would like to learn this standard language to program microcontrollers, then this book is for you! Arduino is the hardware platform used to teach the C programming language as Arduino boards are available worldwide and contain the popular AVR microcontrollers from Atmel. Atmel Studio is used as the development environment for writing C programs for AVR microcontrollers. It is a full-featured integrated development environment (IDE) that uses the GCC C software tools for AVR microcontrollers and is free to download. At a glance: Start learning to program from the very first chapter No programming experience is necessary Learn by doing – type and run the example programs A fun way to learn the C programming language Ideal for electronic hobbyists, students and engineers wanting to learn the C programming language in an embedded environment on AVR microcontrollers Use the free full-featured Atmel Studio IDE software for Windows Write C programs for 8-bit AVR microcontrollers as found on the Arduino Uno and MEGA boards Example code runs on Arduino Uno and Arduino MEGA 2560 boards and can be adapted to run on other AVR microcontrollers or boards Use the AVR Dragon programmer/debugger in conjunction with Atmel Studio to debug C programs

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The ESP32-C3 chip has industry-leading low-power performance and radio frequency performance, and supports Wi-Fi IEEE802.11b/g/n protocol and BLE 5.0. The chip is equipped with a RISC-V 32-bit single-core processor with an operating frequency of up to 160 MHz. Support secondary development without using other microcontrollers or processors. The chip has built-in 400 KB SRAM, 384 KB ROM, 8 KB RTC SRAM, built-in 4 MB Flash also supports external Flash. The chip supports a variety of low power consumption working states, which can meet the power consumption requirements of various application scenarios. The chip's unique features such as fine clock gating function, dynamic voltage clock frequency adjustment function, and RF output power adjustable function can achieve the best balance between communication distance, communication rate and power consumption. The ESP-C3-12F module provides a wealth of peripheral interfaces, including UART, PWM, SPI, I²S, I²C, ADC, temperature sensor and up to 15 GPIOs. Features Support Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n, 1T1R mode data rate up to 150 Mbps Support BLE5.0, does not support classic Bluetooth, rate support: 125 Kbps, 500 Kbps, 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps RISC-V 32-bit single-core processor, supports a clock frequency of up to 160 MHz, has 400 KB SRAM, 384 KB ROM, 8 KB RTC SRAM Support UART/PWM/GPIO/ADC/I²C/I²S interface, support temperature sensor, pulse counter The development board has RGB three-in-one lamp beads, which is convenient for the second development of customers. Support multiple sleep modes, deep sleep current is less than 5 uA Serial port rate up to 5 Mbps Support STA/AP/STA+AP mode and promiscuous mode Support Smart Config (APP)/AirKiss (WeChat) of Android and iOS, one-click network configuration Support serial port local upgrade and remote firmware upgrade (FOTA) General AT commands can be used quickly Support secondary development, integrated Windows and Linux development environment About Flash configuration ESP-C3-12F uses the built-in 4 MB Flash of the chip by default, and supports the external Flash version of the chip.

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SD card quality is crucial for a good Raspberry Pi experience. Raspberry Pi's A2 microSD cards support higher bus speeds and command queuing, improving random read performance and narrowing the gap with NVMe SSDs. These cards are rigorously tested for optimal performance with Raspberry Pi models. Features Capacity: 64 GB Support for DDR50 and SDR104 bus speeds and command queueing (CQ) extension Speed Class: C10, U3, V30, A2 Random 4 KB read performance: 3,200 IOPS (Raspberry Pi 4, DDR50) 5,000 IOPS (Raspberry Pi 5, SDR104) Random 4 K write performance: 1,200 IOPS (Raspberry Pi 4, DDR50) 2,000 IOPS (Raspberry Pi 5, SDR104) Shock-proof, X-ray–proof, and magnet-proof microSDHC/microSDXC formats Downloads Datasheets

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5 V/2 A Micro-USB Power Supply (EU)

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The default configuration holds a mini breadboard (included), an SD card adapter, 2x micro SD cards, 2x USB devices, a micro-USB shim and of course the Raspberry Pi Zero itself. Users can decide to use the micro-USB shim slot to hold a micro-HDMI adapter, or you may want to hold a Portsplus or similar GPIO reference card in the SD adapter slot. You can choose to store your USB micro-SD card reader or even other larger USB devices such as the USBDoctor. Use it in whatever way works best for you. All of the Raspberry Pi Zero ports are accessible from the ZeroDock, including the camera port and reset/composite pin header. pHATs are also not obstructed, so you’re free to prototype with your favourite add-on boards. The case is a stylish mix of clear and black acrylic layers, black fixings and a clear breadboard, fitting in well alongside most desktop PCs/monitors. Assembly guide available here. Kit includes 4 layer laser-cut acrylic case Case and Raspberry Pi fixings Mini breadboard

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Learn programming for Alexa devices, extend it to smart home devices and control the Raspberry Pi The book is split into two parts: the first part covers creating Alexa skills and the second part, designing Internet of Things and Smart Home devices using a Raspberry Pi. The first chapters describe the process of Alexa communication, opening an Amazon account and creating a skill for free. The operation of an Alexa skill and terminology such as utterances, intents, slots, and conversations are explained. Debugging your code, saving user data between sessions, S3 data storage and Dynamo DB database are discussed. In-skill purchasing, enabling users to buy items for your skill as well as certification and publication is outlined. Creating skills using AWS Lambda and ASK CLI is covered, along with the Visual Studio code editor and local debugging. Also covered is the process of designing skills for visual displays and interactive touch designs using Alexa Presentation Language. The second half of the book starts by creating a Raspberry Pi IoT 'thing' to control a robot from your Alexa device. This covers security issues and methods of sending and receiving MQTT messages between an Alexa device and the Raspberry Pi. Creating a smart home device is described including forming a security profile, linking with Amazon, and writing a Lambda function that gets triggered by an Alexa skill. Device discovery and on/off control is demonstrated. Next, readers discover how to control a smart home Raspberry Pi display from an Alexa skill using Simple Queue Service (SQS) messaging to switch the display on and off or change the color. A node-RED design is discussed from the basic user interface right up to configuring MQTT nodes. MQTT messages sent from a user are displayed on a Raspberry Pi. A chapter discusses sending a proactive notification such as a weather alert from a Raspberry Pi to an Alexa device. The book concludes by explaining how to create Raspberry Pi as a stand-alone Alexa device.

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The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter uses the precision of a multimeter to measure very low resistance values. It is an adapter that converts a resistance into a voltage that can be measured with a standard multimeter. The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter can measure resistances below 1 mΩ using a 4-wire (Kelvin) method. It is useful for locating short circuits on printed circuit boards (PCB). The adapter features three measurement ranges – 1 mΩ, 10 mΩ, and 100 mΩ – selectable via a slide switch. It also includes onboard calibration resistors. The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter is powered by three 1.5 V AA batteries (not included). Specifications Measurement ranges 1 mΩ, 10 mΩ, 100 mΩ, 0.1% Power supply 3x 1.5 V AA batteries (not included) Dimensions 103 x 66 x 18 mm (compatible with Hammond 1593N-type enclosure, not included) Special feature On-board calibration resistors Downloads Documentation

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ILI9341 is a 262144-color single-chip SOC driver for a TFT liquid crystal display with resolution of 240x320 dots (RGB), comprising a 720-channel source driver, a 320-channel gate driver, 172800 bytes GRAM for graphic display data of 240x320 dots (RGB), and power supply circuit.ILI9341 supports parallel 8-/9-/16-/18-bit data bus MCU interface, 6-/16-/18-bit data bus RGB interface and 3-/4-line serial peripheral interface (SPI).The moving picture area can be specified in internal GRAM by window address function. The specified window area can be updated selectively, so that moving picture can be displayed simultaneously independent of still picture area.ILI9341 can operate with 1.65V ~ 3.3V I/O interface voltage and an incorporated voltage follower circuit to generate voltage levels for driving an LCD.ILI9341 supports full color, 8-color display mode and sleep mode for precise power control by software and these features make the ILI9341 an ideal LCD driver for medium or small size portable products such as digital cellular phones, smart phone, MP3 and PMP where long battery life is a major concern.Features Display resolution: 240 x 320 (RGB) Output: 720 source outputs | 320 gate outputs | Common electrode output (VCOM) a-TFT LCD driver with on-chip full display RAM: 172,800 bytes System Interface 8-bits, 9-bits, 16-bits, 18-bits interface with 8080-Ⅰ/8080- Ⅱ series MCU 6-bits, 16-bits, 18-bits RGB interface with graphic controller 3-line / 4-line serial interface Display mode: Full color mode (Idle mode OFF): 262K-color Reduced color mode (Idle mode ON): 8-color Power saving modes: Sleep mode Deep standby mode On chip functions: VCOM generator and adjustment Timing generator Oscillator DC/DC converter Line/frame inversion 1 preset Gamma curve with separate RGB Gamma correction Content Adaptive Brightness Control MTP (3 times): 8-bits for ID1, ID2, ID3 7-bits for VCOM adjustment Low-power consumption architecture Low operating power supplies: VDDI = 1.65V ~ 3.3V (logic) VCI = 2.5V ~ 3.3V (analog) LCD Voltage drive: Source/VCOM power supply voltage AVDD - GND = 4.5V ~ 5.5V VCL - GND = -2.0V ~ -3.0V Gate driver output voltage VGH - GND = 10.0V ~ 20.0V VGL - GND = -5.0V ~ -15.0V VGH - VGL 3 ≦ 2V VCOM driver output voltage VCOMH = 3.0V ~ (AVDD – 0.5)V VCOML = (VCL+0.5)V ~ 0V VCOMH - VCOML ≦ 6.0V Operate temperature range: -40℃ to 85℃

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Resonances From Aether Days A Pictorial and Technical Analysis from WWII to the Internet Age From the birth of radio to the late 1980s, much of real life unfolded through shortwave communication. World War II demonstrated—beyond a shadow of a doubt—that effective communications equipment was a vital prerequisite for military success. In the postwar years, shortwave became the backbone on which many of the world's most critical services depended every day. All the radio equipment—through whose cathodes, grids, plates, and transistors so much of human history has flowed—is an exceptional subject of study and enjoyment for those of us who are passionate about vintage electronics. In this book, which begins in the aftermath of World War II, you’ll find a rich collection of information: descriptions, tips, technical notes, photos, and schematics that will be valuable for anyone interested in restoring—or simply learning about—these extraordinary witnesses to one of the most remarkable eras in technological history. My hope is that these pages will help preserve this vast treasure of knowledge, innovation, and history—a heritage that far transcends the purely technical.

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An Introduction to RISC-V RISC-V is an Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) that is both free and open. This means that the RISC-V ISA itself does not require a licensing fee, although individual implementations may do so. The RISC-V ISA is curated by a non-profit foundation with no commercial interest in products or services that use it, and it is possible for anyone to submit contributions to the RISC-V specifications. The RISC-V ISA is suitable for applications ranging from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers. This book will first describe the 32-bit RISC-V ISA, including both the base instruction set as well as the majority of the currently-defined extensions. The book will then describe, in detail, an open-source implementation of the ISA that is intended for embedded control applications. This implementation includes the base instruction set as well as a number of standard extensions. After the description of the CPU design is complete the design is expanded to include memory and some simple I/O. The resulting microcontroller will then be implemented in an affordable FPGA development board (available from Elektor) along with a simple software application so that the reader can investigate the finished design.

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The Raspberry Pi M.2 HAT+ enables you to connect M.2 peripherals such as NVMe drives and AI accelerators to Raspberry Pi 5’s PCIe 2.0 interface, supporting fast (up to 500 MB/s) data transfer to and from NVMe drives and other PCIe accessories. Raspberry Pi M.2 HAT+ supports devices that have the M.2 M key edge connector, in the 2230 and 2242 form factors. It is capable of supplying up to 3 A to connected M.2 devices. Features Supports single-lane PCIe 2.0 interface (500 MB/s peak transfer rate) Supports devices that use the M.2 M key edge connector Supports devices with the 2230 or 2242 form factor Capable of supplying up to 3 A to connected M.2 devices Power and activity LEDs Included 1x Raspberry Pi 5 M.2 HAT+ 1x Ribbon cable 1x GPIO stacking header 4x Spacers 8x Screws Downloads Datasheet Schematics Assembly instructions

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Multitasking and multiprocessing have become a very important topic in microcontroller-based systems, namely in complex commercial, domestic, and industrial automation applications. As the complexity of projects grows, more functionalities are demanded from the projects. Such projects require the use of multiple inter-related tasks running on the same system and sharing the available resources, such as the CPU, memory, and input-output ports. As a result of this, the importance of multitasking operations in microcontroller-based applications has grown steadily over the last few years. Many complex automation projects now make use of some form of a multitasking kernel. This book is project-based and its main aim is to teach the basic features of multitasking using the Python 3 programming language on Raspberry Pi. Many fully tested projects are provided in the book using the multitasking modules of Python. Each project is described fully and in detail. Complete program listings are given for each project. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their own needs. The following Python multitasking modules have been described and used in the projects: Fork Thread Threading Subprocess Multiprocessing The book includes simple multitasking projects such as independently controlling multiple LEDs, to more complex multitasking projects such as on/off temperature control, traffic lights control, 2-digit, and 4-digit 7-segment LED event counter, reaction timer, stepper motor control, keypad based projects, car park controller, and many more. The fundamental multitasking concepts such as process synchronization, process communication, and memory sharing techniques have been described in projects concerning event flags, queues, semaphores, values, and so on.

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A Fast-Lane Ride From Concept to Project The core of the book explains the use of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W running the Python programming language, always in simple terms and backed by many tested and working example projects. On part of the reader, familiarity with the Python programming language and some experience with one of the Raspberry Pi computers will prove helpful. Although previous electronics experience is not required, some knowledge of basic electronics is beneficial, especially when venturing out to modify the projects for your own applications. Over 30 tested and working hardware-based projects are given in the book, covering the use of Wi-Fi, communication with smartphones and with a Raspberry Pi Pico W computer. Additionally, there are Bluetooth projects including elementary communication with smartphones and with the popular Arduino Uno. Both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are key features of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W. Some of the topics covered in the book are: Raspberry Pi OS installation on an SD card Python program creation and execution on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W Software-only examples of Python running on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W Hardware-based projects including LCD and Sense HAT interfacing UDP and TCP Wi-Fi based projects for smartphone communication UDP-based project for Raspberry Pi Pico W communication Flask-based webserver project Cloud storage of captured temperature, humidity, and pressure data TFT projects Node-RED projects Interfacing to Alexa MQTT projects Bluetooth-based projects for smartphone and Arduino Uno communications

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The Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect is an RP2040-based Arduino board equipped with Wi-Fi (802.11b/g/n) and Bluetooth 4.2. Besides wireless connectivity the board comes with a microphone for sound and voice activation and a six-axis smart motion sensor with AI capabilities. An RGB LED is available too. 22 GPIO ports (20 with PWM support and eight analogue inputs) let the user control e.g. relays, motors and LEDs and read switches and other sensors. Program memory is plentiful with 16 MB of flash memory, more than enough room for storing many webpages or other data. Specifications Microcontroller Raspberry Pi RP2040 USB connector Micro USB Pins Built-in LED pins 13 Digital I/O pins 20 Analog Input pins 8 PWM pins 20 (Except A6, A7) External interrupts 20 (Except A6, A7) Connectivity Wi-Fi Nina W102 uBlox module Bluetooth Nina W102 uBlox module Secure element ATECC608A-MAHDA-T Crypto IC Sensors IMU LSM6DSOXTR (6-axis) Microphone MP34DT05 Communication UART Yes I²C Yes SPI Yes Power Circuit operating voltage 3.3 V Input Voltage (VIN) 5-21 V DC Current per I/O pin 4 mA Clock speed Processor 133 MHz Memory AT25SF128A-MHB-T 16 MB Flash IC Nina W102 uBlox module 448 KB ROM, 520 KB SRAM, 16 MB Flash Dimensions 45 x 18 mm Weight 6 g Downloads Schematics Pinout Datasheet

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This set contains 3 desoldering tips for digital desoldering stations such as ZD-915 or ZD-8965. Included 1x Desoldering tip N5-1 (0.8 mm) 1x Desoldering tip N5-2 (1.0 mm) 1x Desoldering tip N5-3 (1.3 mm)

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