This USB stick holds a selection of more than 350 articles on RF, Radio and Communication published in Elektor Magazine. The content consists of both background articles and projects with the following topics: Basic radio-related circuits as well as more complex circuits like filters, oscillators, and amplifiers. Design, construction, and theory of antennas for transmitting and receiving radio signals efficiently. Design and analysis of RF circuits including filters, mixers, PLLs, and frequency synthesizers. Tools and techniques for predicting radio wave propagation paths and measuring RF signal strength. Techniques for processing digital signals in RF systems, including modulation and demodulation methods. Projects on radio receivers, AM, FM, SSB, CW, DRM, DAB, DAB+, Software Defined Radio, and more. Projects on Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRaWAN, and more. You can use the article search function to locate specific content in the full text. The results are always shown as preformatted PDF documents. You can use Adobe Reader to browse articles, and you can use Adobe Reader’s integrated search functions to find instances of individual words and expressions.

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Projects Using Arduino IDE and the LVGL Graphics Library The ESP32 is probably one of the most popular microcontrollers used by many people, including students, hobbyists, and professional engineers. Its low cost, coupled with rich features makes it a popular device to use in many projects. Recently, a board called the ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display (CYD for short) is available from its manufacturers. The board includes a standard ESP32 microcontroller together with a 320x240 pixel TFT display. Additionally, the board provides several connectors for interfaces such as GPIO, serial port (TX/RX), power and Ground. The inclusion of a TFT display is a real advantage as it enables users to design complex graphics-based projects without resorting to an external LCD or graphics displays. The book describes the basic hardware of the ESP32 CYD board and provides details of its on-board connectors. Many basic, simple, and intermediate-level projects are given in the book based on the ESP32 CYD, using the highly popular Arduino IDE 2.0 integrated development environment. The use of both the basic graphics functions and the use of the popular LVGL graphics library are discussed in the book and projects are given that use both types of approaches. All the projects given in the book have been tested and are working. The block diagram, circuit diagram, and the complete program listings and program descriptions of all the projects are given with explanations. Readers can use the LVGL graphics library to design highly popular eye-catching full-color graphics projects using widgets such as buttons, labels, calendars, keypads, keyboards, message boxes, spinboxes, sliders, charts, tables, menus, bars, switches, drop-down lists, animations, and many more widgets.

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Projects Using Arduino IDE and the LVGL Graphics Library The ESP32 is probably one of the most popular microcontrollers used by many people, including students, hobbyists, and professional engineers. Its low cost, coupled with rich features makes it a popular device to use in many projects. Recently, a board called the ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display (CYD for short) is available from its manufacturers. The board includes a standard ESP32 microcontroller together with a 320x240 pixel TFT display. Additionally, the board provides several connectors for interfaces such as GPIO, serial port (TX/RX), power and Ground. The inclusion of a TFT display is a real advantage as it enables users to design complex graphics-based projects without resorting to an external LCD or graphics displays. The book describes the basic hardware of the ESP32 CYD board and provides details of its on-board connectors. Many basic, simple, and intermediate-level projects are given in the book based on the ESP32 CYD, using the highly popular Arduino IDE 2.0 integrated development environment. The use of both the basic graphics functions and the use of the popular LVGL graphics library are discussed in the book and projects are given that use both types of approaches. All the projects given in the book have been tested and are working. The block diagram, circuit diagram, and the complete program listings and program descriptions of all the projects are given with explanations. Readers can use the LVGL graphics library to design highly popular eye-catching full-color graphics projects using widgets such as buttons, labels, calendars, keypads, keyboards, message boxes, spinboxes, sliders, charts, tables, menus, bars, switches, drop-down lists, animations, and many more widgets.

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Over 40 Fully Tested ESP32 Projects Using Arduino IDE and the LVGL Graphics Library This bundle includes the ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display (CYD) – a compact development board combining a standard ESP32 microcontroller with a 320x240 pixel TFT color display. The board also features multiple connectors for GPIO, serial communication (TX/RX), power, and ground. The built-in display is a major advantage, allowing users to create complex, graphics-based projects without the need for external LCDs or displays. The accompanying book introduces the CYD board's hardware and on-board connectors in detail. It provides a range of beginner to intermediate-level projects developed using the popular Arduino IDE 2.0. Both basic graphics functions and the powerful LVGL graphics library are covered, with practical projects illustrating each approach. All included projects have been fully tested and are ready to use. The book provides block diagrams, circuit schematics, complete code listings, and step-by-step explanations. With the LVGL library, readers can create modern, full-color graphical interfaces using widgets such as buttons, labels, sliders, calendars, keyboards, charts, tables, menus, animations, and more. ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display Board This development board (also known as "Cheap Yellow Display") is powered by the ESP-WROOM-32, a dual-core MCU with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities. It operates at a main frequency of up to 240 MHz, with 520 KB SRAM, 448 KBROM, and a 4 MB Flash memory. The board features a 2.8-inch display with a resolution of 240x320 and resistive touch. Furthermore, the board includes a backlight control circuit, touch control circuit, speaker drive circuit, photosensitive circuit, and RGB-LED control circuit. It also provides a TF card slot, serial interface, DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor interface, and additional IO ports. The module supports development in Arduino IDE, ESP-IDE, MicroPython, and Mixly. Applications Image transmission for Smart Home device Wireless monitoring Smart agriculture QR wireless recognition Wireless positioning system signal And other IoT applications Specifications Microcontroller ESP-WROOM-32 (Dual-core MCU with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) Frequency Up to 240 MHz (computing power is up to 600 DMIPS) SRAM 520 KB ROM 448 KB Flash 4 MB Operating voltage 5 V Power consumption approx. 115 mA Display 2.8-inch color TFT screen (240 x 320) Touch Resistive Touch Driver chip ILI9341 Dimensions 50 x 86 mm Weight 50 g Downloads GitHub This bundle contains: The ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display Book (normal price: €35) ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display Board (normal price: €25) 1x ESP32 Dev Board with 2.8" Display and acrylic Shell 1x Touch pen 1x Connector cable 1x USB cable

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Commands and Applications With more than 20 million users worldwide, LTspice XVII is the industry’s definitive electronic simulation software. The pure power, speed and accuracy of its simulations and its robustness make it an irreplaceable tool. This book is both an exhaustive operating manual for the latest version and an invaluable collection of examples and procedures with nearly 700 illustrations, covering everything from initially getting to grips with LTspice XVII to its exact application and extensive use. It will probably answer every question that’s likely to arise during training. All commands and definitions are detailed and classified by topic to make referencing the LTSpice XVII knowledge fast and easy.

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If you can describe it, you can build it AI coding assistants are changing what makers and solopreneurs can build. Tasks that once demanded weeks of learning a new language, framework, or software stack can now be delegated to an AI—provided you know how to describe the job, judge the result, and keep control of the process. The Maker’s Guide to AI Coding is a practical guide to doing exactly that. It explains how to work with AI coding tools as collaborators rather than vending machines, how much to delegate, how to write specifications that produce useful results, and how to recognise hallucinations, context drift, overconfidence, and code that runs but is still wrong. The book is built around four increasingly ambitious projects. You begin with a browser-based RC filter analyser, then develop a live serial data plotter for Arduino and other microcontrollers. Next comes a datasheet questionand- answer tool using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), followed by a complete multi-user resource booking system with authentication, a database, external services, background jobs, and deployment. No advanced programming background is required. The emphasis is on thinking clearly, guiding the AI, testing what it produces, and preserving the skills needed to evaluate its work. Along the way, you learn development workflow designed to remain useful as tools evolve. If you can describe what you want to build, this book shows you how to turn that description into working software.

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If you can describe it, you can build it AI coding assistants are changing what makers and solopreneurs can build. Tasks that once demanded weeks of learning a new language, framework, or software stack can now be delegated to an AI—provided you know how to describe the job, judge the result, and keep control of the process. The Maker’s Guide to AI Coding is a practical guide to doing exactly that. It explains how to work with AI coding tools as collaborators rather than vending machines, how much to delegate, how to write specifications that produce useful results, and how to recognise hallucinations, context drift, overconfidence, and code that runs but is still wrong. The book is built around four increasingly ambitious projects. You begin with a browser-based RC filter analyser, then develop a live serial data plotter for Arduino and other microcontrollers. Next comes a datasheet questionand- answer tool using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), followed by a complete multi-user resource booking system with authentication, a database, external services, background jobs, and deployment. No advanced programming background is required. The emphasis is on thinking clearly, guiding the AI, testing what it produces, and preserving the skills needed to evaluate its work. Along the way, you learn development workflow designed to remain useful as tools evolve. If you can describe what you want to build, this book shows you how to turn that description into working software.

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A Fast-Lane Ride From Concept to Project The core of the book explains the use of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W running the Python programming language, always in simple terms and backed by many tested and working example projects. On part of the reader, familiarity with the Python programming language and some experience with one of the Raspberry Pi computers will prove helpful. Although previous electronics experience is not required, some knowledge of basic electronics is beneficial, especially when venturing out to modify the projects for your own applications. Over 30 tested and working hardware-based projects are given in the book, covering the use of Wi-Fi, communication with smartphones and with a Raspberry Pi Pico W computer. Additionally, there are Bluetooth projects including elementary communication with smartphones and with the popular Arduino Uno. Both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are key features of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W. Some of the topics covered in the book are: Raspberry Pi OS installation on an SD card Python program creation and execution on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W Software-only examples of Python running on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W Hardware-based projects including LCD and Sense HAT interfacing UDP and TCP Wi-Fi based projects for smartphone communication UDP-based project for Raspberry Pi Pico W communication Flask-based webserver project Cloud storage of captured temperature, humidity, and pressure data TFT projects Node-RED projects Interfacing to Alexa MQTT projects Bluetooth-based projects for smartphone and Arduino Uno communications

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The State of Hollow State Audio in the Second Decade of the 21st Century Vacuum-tube (or valve, depending upon which side of the pond you live on) technology spawned the Age of Electronics early in the 20th Century. Until the advent of solid-state electronics near mid-century, hollow-state devices were the only choice. But following the invention of the transistor (after their process fell to reasonable levels), within a couple of decades, the death of vacuum tubes was widely heralded. Yet here we are some five decades later, and hollow-state equipment is enjoying something of a comeback, especially in the music and high-end audio industries. Many issues surround hollow-state audio: Does it produce—as some claim—better sound? If so, is there science to back up these claims? How do hollow-state circuits work? How do you design hollow-state audio circuits? If hollow-state equipment fails, how do you go about troubleshooting and repairing it? Can we recreate some of the classic hollow-state audio devices for modern listening rooms and recording studios? How can we intelligently modify hollow-state amplifiers to our taste? These and other topics are covered in The State of Hollow State Audio.

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Practical Projects in Analog, Audio and Beyond Discover a remarkable collection of more than 450 electronics projects published in Elektor Magazine and carefully selected by renowned Elektor Lab engineer Ton Giesberts. The USB drive brings together a wide variety of circuits, designs, and practical project ideas created by numerous Elektor authors and engineers over the years. Covering a broad range of electronics topics, this extensive archive is a valuable source of knowledge and inspiration for engineers, makers, students, and electronics enthusiasts. More than 450 selected Elektor projects Carefully compiled by Elektor engineer Ton Giesberts Ideal for building, experimenting, and discovering new ideas Explore decades of Elektor expertise in one comprehensive project collection. Highlights Q-Watt Audio Power Fortissimo-100 High-End Amplifier Buffer Board for the Raspberry Pi 400 USB-to-Multi-Protocol Serial Converter DDS Function Generator AC/DC Power Meter Charge-a-Phone Specifications Storage 8 GB Connectors 1x USB-A1x USB-C System requirements PC with Adobe Reader 7.0 or higher Web browser

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40+ Projects using Arduino, Raspberry Pi and ESP32 This book is about developing projects using the sensor-modules with Arduino Uno, Raspberry Pi and ESP32 microcontroller development systems. More than 40 different sensors types are used in various projects in the book. The book explains in simple terms and with tested and fully working example projects, how to use the sensors in your project. The projects provided in the book include the following: Changing LED brightness RGB LEDs Creating rainbow colours Magic wand Silent door alarm Dark sensor with relay Secret key Magic light cup Decoding commercial IR handsets Controlling TV channels with IT sensors Target shooting detector Shock time duration measurement Ultrasonic reverse parking Toggle lights by clapping hands Playing melody Measuring magnetic field strength Joystick musical instrument Line tracking Displaying temperature Temperature ON/OFF control Mobile phone-based Wi-Fi projects Mobile phone-based Bluetooth projects Sending data to the Cloud The projects have been organized with increasing levels of difficulty. Readers are encouraged to tackle the projects in the order given. A specially prepared sensor kit is available from Elektor. With the help of this hardware, it should be easy and fun to build the projects in this book.

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Es ist heute nicht mehr ganz einfach, ein Buch über Röhren zu verfassen, da in den letzten Jahrzehnten viel Wissen über dieses interessante Gebiet verloren gegangen ist. Genau das aber ist einer der Gründe, warum dieses Buch geschrieben wurde. Der Autor hat sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, die für den Einsatz von Röhren im Audiobereich bedeutsamen theoretischen und praktischen Kenntnisse zu bündeln und darzustellen. Der Verfasser stützt sich dabei auf seine eigene und umfassende Erfahrung, die er in den vielen Jahren vor der breiten Einführung von Halbleitern durch intensive Auseinandersetzung mit der Röhrentechnologie gewonnen hat. Selbstverständlich werden in den Schaltungsteilen, die nicht unmittelbar im Signalweg sitzen, die Vorzüge zeitgemäßer, aktiver elektronischer Bauteile wie Transistoren oder ICs gezielt ausgenutzt. Hinzu kommt die bevorzugte Verwendung hochqualitativer, moderner Ringkerntransformatoren. In den ersten Kapiteln dieses Bandes wird auf Produktionsverfahren und die Arbeitsweise von Röhren eingegangen, anschließend werden deren Grundschaltungen ausführlich besprochen. Das gewonnene Wissen erfährt in den folgenden Abschnitten eine theoretische Vertiefung bei der genaueren Betrachtung von Endstufen, Klangregelungen usw. Zudem wurden zwei gesonderte Kapitel aufgenommen, die sich mit Klirrverhalten und Verzerrungen, Rauschen, Mikrofonie und anderen Störgeräuschen befassen. In vier weiteren Kapiteln werden vollständige Verstärker-Entwürfe und die Dimensionierungsberechnungen aller Baugruppen im Einzelnen unter Hinweis auf die zugehörigen theoretischen Überlegungen der vorherigen Kapitel vorgestellt. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Röhrenverstärker physikalischen und mathematischen Gesetzen gehorchen, weit verbreitete Legenden und Mystifizierungen dagegen nichts zur Erhellung der funktionellen Zusammenhänge beitragen. Im Übrigen findet der Leser viele nützliche Hinweise bei der konkreten Umsetzung der jeweiligen Schaltung in ein funktionierendes Gerät und Hilfestellungen für die messtechnische Überprüfung der Resultate.

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The tinySA Ultra+ ZS-407 is a compact, handheld spectrum analyzer and signal generator. Covering 100 kHz to 7.3 GHz in Ultra mode, it lets you visualize and analyze RF signals from HF right through many modern wireless bands – and can even spot signals up to ~12 GHz thanks to harmonic tracking. The intuitive 4-inch resistive touchscreen and rechargeable battery make it great for fieldwork, while features like a built-in signal generator, switchable bandpass filters, step attenuator, USB-PC control and auto-calibration add serious versatility. Features Screen size: 4 inch (480 x 320) Spectrum Analyzer for 0.1-900 MHz or, with Ultra mode enabled up to 7.3 GHz, level calibrated up to 7.3 GHz. Can observe signals up to 12 GHz Signal Generator with sine wave output between 0.1-900 MHz or square wave up to 6.3 GHz or RF test signal output up to 7.3 GHz when not used as Spectrum Analyzer. Switchable resolution bandpass filters from 200 Hz to 850 kHz Built-in 20 dB optional LNA Color display showing max 450 points providing gapless covering up to the full frequency range. MicroSD card slot for storing measurements, settings and screen captures. Specifications (Spectrum Analyzer) Input frequency range from 100 kHz to 900 MHz in normal mode and up to 7.3 GHz with ULTRA mode enabled Input impedance 50 ohm when input attenuation set to 10 dB or more. Selectable manual and automatic input attenuation between 0 dB and 31 dB in 1 dB steps when LNA not active Maximum +/-5V DC input Absolute maximum input level of +6 dBm with 0 dB internal attenuation Absolute maximum short term peak input power of +20 dBm with 30 dB internal attenuation Suggested maximum input power of +0 dBm with internal attenuation in automatic mode For best measurements keep input power below -25 dBm Input Intercept Point of third order modulation products (IIP3) of +15 dBm with 0 dB internal attenuation 1 dB compression point at -1 dBm with 0 dB internal attenuation Power detector resolution of 0.5 dB and linearity versus frequency of ±2 dB below 5.3 GHz, ±5dB between 5.3 GHz and 6 GHz Minimum burst length for correct level measurement at 850 kHz RBW in zero span mode of 50 microseconds Absolute power level accuracy after power level calibration of ±2 dB Built-in optional 20 dB LNA with Noise Figure of 5 dB up to 6 GHz Lowest discernible signal without LNA at 30 MHz using a resolution bandwidth of 30 kHz of -102 dBm Lowest discernible signal with LNA at 30 MHz using a resolution bandwidth of 200 Hz of -145 dBm Frequency accuracy equal to the selected resolution bandwidth Phase noise at 30 MHz of -108 dB/Hz at 100 kHz offset and -115 dB/Hz at 1MHz offset Spur free dynamic range when using a 30 kHz resolution bandwidth of 70 dB Resolution filters with a width of 0.2, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 600 and 850 kHz On screen resolution of 51, 101, 145, 290 or 450 measurement points. Scanning speed of over 1000 points/second using largest resolution filters. Automatic optimization of actual scanning points to ensure coverage of the whole scan range regardless of the chosen resolution bandwidth Spur suppression option for assessing if certain signals are internally generated or actually present in the input signal Headphone output for listening to the demodulated audio (AM only). Stereo connector with or without microphone, high impedance is louder, short protected Specifications (Signal Generator) Sine wave output with harmonics below -40 dB of fundamental from 100 kHz to 900 MHz Output level selectable in 1 dB steps between -115 dBm and -19 dBm Above 800 MHz choice of two output modes: Cleanest signal mode: square wave, up to 6 GHz with coarse frequency steps and less accurate output level Highest accuracy mode: reduced harmonics with possibly strong spurs up to 7.3 GHz with frequency resolution equal to below 800 MHz and fine output level steps Level accuracy ±2 dB up to 800 MHz between -72 dBm and -19 dBm, less accuracy below -72 dBm, even less accuracy below -110 dBm Output frequency resolution 57.2 Hz Optional AM or FM modulation frequencies between 50 Hz and 5 kHz (AM) or 1 kHz (FM) or sweep over selectable frequency span AM modulation depth between 10% and 100% FM deviation between 1 kHz and 300 kHz Optional output level sweep over maximum the entire output level range Included 1x tinySA Ultra+ ZS407 Spectrum Analyzer 2x SMA connection cables 1x Barrel connector 1x Antenna with SMA connector 1x USB-C cable 1x microSD card (32 GB) Downloads Wiki

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Ist es möglich, Fehler in Röhren und Ausgangstrafos spürbar zu kompensieren? Im vorigen Jahrhundert wurden sehr viele Maßnahmen zum Erreichen dieses Ziels entwickelt. Eine dieser Methoden ist in Vergessenheit geraten: Transkonduktanz, was soviel bedeutet wie „Umsetzung von Strom in Spannung” und umgekehrt. Autor Menno van der Veen hat diese Methode wieder zum Leben erweckt und gab ihr den Arbeitstitel „Trans”. Die Hintergründe und Eigenschaften werden genau so sorgfältig beschrieben wie die Fallstricke dieses Verfahrens, die Schritt für Schritt eliminiert werden. Dies führt letztlich zu einer Liste strenger Bedingungen, die von Trans erfüllt werden müssen. Mit diesen Geräten entwickelt er neue Trans-Verstärker, die mit Trans-Mini-1 und Trans-Mini-2 beginnen. Dabei handelt es sich um einfach nachzubauende, DC-gekoppelte Single-Ended-Röhrenverstärker mit ungeahnt guten Eigenschaften. Anschließend wird Trans an Verstärker mit höherer Leistung angepasst. Durch abwechselnde Rückschläge und Erfolge schließlich entsteht der Vanderveen-Trans-30, in welchem das Gute des Trans noch weiter verbessert wurde. Die besonderen Eigenschaften dieses Verstärkers waren es, die Menno van der Veen schließlich zu der Aussage bewogen, „Gold” in seinen Händen zu halten. Mittels Simulation und Vergleich mit anderen Verstärkertypen werden die Trans-Bedingungen erneut überprüft, um sicher zu stellen, dass Abweichungen in den Röhren das optimale Verhalten von Trans nicht beeinflussen. Dieses Buch liest sich wie ein spannender Roman, aber es ist mehr: Eine solide Untersuchung hinsichtlich neuer Methoden zum Erreichen einer optimalen Audiowiedergabe.

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Applikationshandbuch für EMV-Filter, getaktete Stromversorgungen & HF-Schaltungen Der Schwerpunkt des Buches liegt bei Applikationsschaltungen und der Auswahl von passenden Bauelementen, sowie Layoutempfehlungen unter Berücksichtigung von EMV-Gesichtspunkten. Inhalt Grundlagen Anhand der wichtigsten Gesetzmäßigkeiten und Grundlagen induktiver Bauelemente, Ersatzschaltbildern und Simulationsmodelle wird dem Leser elektrotechnisches Basiswissen vermittelt. Bauelemente Das Kapitel stellt induktive Bauelemente sowie deren besondere Eigenschaften und Einsatzbereiche vor. Von EMV-Komponenten über Induktivitäten, Übertragern, HF-Bauteilen, Bauelemente für Überspannungsschutz, Abschirmmaterialien bis hin zu Kondensatoren werden alle relevanten Bauelemente erläutert. Anwendungen Der Leser erhält in diesem Kapitel einen umfassenden Einblick in das Prinzip von Filterschaltungen, in Schaltungstechnik sowie in zahlreiche Industrie-Applikationen, die ausführlich anhand von Originalbeispielen erklärt werden.

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Inhalt Grundlagen Ein Steckverbinder ist ein elektromechanisches System, das eine lösbare Verbindung zwischen zwei Subsystemen eines elektronischen Gerätes ohne inakzeptable Auswirkung auf die Funktion des Gerätes schafft. Im Folgenden wird dargestellt, dass es eine Menge komplexer Zusammenhänge gibt, die richtig gehandhabt werden müssen, um diese Aussage wahr werden zu lassen. Kontaktdesign & Verbindungstechnik Dieses Kapitel bietet einen Überblick über die Ausführungen und die Materialanforderungen bei Kontaktbeschichtungen, Kontaktfedern und Steckverbindergehäusen und beschreibt zudem die wichtigsten Schädigungen bei diesen Steckerkomponenten. Ferner werden wir uns hier den Kriterien für die Materialauswahl widmen. Neu hinzugekommen ist das Konzept des „Level of Interconnection“ (LOI). Hier wird beschrieben, an welcher Stelle der Steckverbinder innerhalb eines elektronischen Systems eingesetzt wird und seinerseits abhängig von der Verwendung die Anforderungen und die eigene Lebensdauer beeinflusst. Anwendungen Dieses Kapitel zielt auf die Praxis ab: Hier wird gezeigt, wie Kunden Steckverbinder in ihren Anwendungen einsetzen. So werden einige Möglichkeiten veranschaulicht, um Ihre tägliche Arbeit zu erleichtern. Auch enthält das Kapitel einige Spezialthemen, die Ihnen erweitertes Hintergrundwissen vermitteln sollen. Hierzu gehören etwa die Whiskerbildung im Zinn oder die Impedanz von ZIF-Kabeln.

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Contents Basic principles A connector is an electromechanical system that provides a separable connection between two subsystems of an electronic device without an unacceptable effect on the performance of the device. It will be shown that there are a lot of complex parameters to handle properly to make this statement true. Design / Selection / Assembly This chapter provides an overview of design and material requirements for contact finishes, contact springs and connector housings as well as the major degradation mechanisms for these connector components. To complete this chapter, material selection criteria for each will also be reviewed. Additionally the Level of Interconnection (LOI) was integrated into this chapter as it addresses, where the connector is used within an electronic system and therefore influences the requirements and durability of the connector depending on its use. Applications This chapter is heading to the practical work and shows how customers use connectors in their applications to offer some possibilities and to ease your daily work. Additionally it contains some special topics like tin-whisker or impedance of ZIF cable to offer you extended background knowledge.

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Design Guide for EMI Filter Design, SMPS & RF Circuits The book focuses on the selection of components, circuitry and layout recommendations for a wide array of magnetics components, always keeping in mind an EMC point of view. Contents Basic principles The most important laws and foundations of inductive components, equivalent circuit diagrams and simulation models give the reader a basic knowledge of electronics. Components This chapter introduces inductive components and their special properties and areas of use. All relevant components are explained, from EMC components and inductors to transformers, RF components, circuit protection components, shielding materials and capacitors. Applications In this chapter, the reader will find a comprehensive overview of the principle of filter circuits, circuitry and numerous industrial applications that are explained in detail based on original examples.

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From SRPP and Mu-Follower to OTL Designs Tube amplifiers suffer from distortion. Fortunately, circuits such as the SRPP amplifier, mu-follower, and beta-follower produce minimal distortion even at output voltages of 50 to 100 Vpeak. These designs are often published with errors. Without a sound understanding of the theory, it is easy to arrive at a flawed design. In the first section of this book, we investigate the origin of distortion, while in the second we investigate the design of and SRPP and a mu-follower. On the internet we can find the most exotic designs. Evaluating them teaches us that these designs often make matters worse rather than better. In the chapter on incorrect SRPPs and mu-followers, we sometimes see bizarre and misguided designs where using a simple single-triode amplifier would perform much better. Push-pull output stages also exist. A great number of them are examined, and their similarity to the SRPP is discussed. This is done especially with the help of the theory behind the OTL based on the ‘mother’ of all OTLs, the Philips HF303. Finally, attention is given to frequency characteristics and technical matters such as the supply voltage and the filament power supply. To illustrate these points, there are a few designs covering the subjects discussed. This book presents much new theory that has not been published before. It is often an eye-opener, showing that many things have a beautiful and unexpected simplicity.

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From SRPP and Mu-Follower to OTL Designs Tube amplifiers suffer from distortion. Fortunately, circuits such as the SRPP amplifier, mu-follower, and beta-follower produce minimal distortion even at output voltages of 50 to 100 Vpeak. These designs are often published with errors. Without a sound understanding of the theory, it is easy to arrive at a flawed design. In the first section of this book, we investigate the origin of distortion, while in the second we investigate the design of and SRPP and a mu-follower. On the internet we can find the most exotic designs. Evaluating them teaches us that these designs often make matters worse rather than better. In the chapter on incorrect SRPPs and mu-followers, we sometimes see bizarre and misguided designs where using a simple single-triode amplifier would perform much better. Push-pull output stages also exist. A great number of them are examined, and their similarity to the SRPP is discussed. This is done especially with the help of the theory behind the OTL based on the ‘mother’ of all OTLs, the Philips HF303. Finally, attention is given to frequency characteristics and technical matters such as the supply voltage and the filament power supply. To illustrate these points, there are a few designs covering the subjects discussed. This book presents much new theory that has not been published before. It is often an eye-opener, showing that many things have a beautiful and unexpected simplicity.

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UFactory 850 is the most powerful robot with industrial grade performance. Features 6DoF Payload: 5 kg Reach: 850 mm Repeatability: 0.02 mm Weight: 20 kg Applications Glambot Welding Screwdriving Robot Vision Industrial Production Designed for both mobile platforms and your workbench The AC control box contains an AC-DC adapter inside, 100-240 V AC is all ready to go. The DC control box supports 48-72 V wide inputs, it perfectly fits the battery system on your mobile platform. Flexible Deployment With Safe Feature Hand teaching, space-saving and easy to re-deploy to multiple applications without changing your production layout. Perfectly for recurrent tasks. Collision detection is available for all of our cobots. Your safety is always the top priority. Graphical Interface For Beginner-Friendly Programming Compatible with various operation systems, including macOS and Windows. Web-based technology compatible with all major browsers. Drag and drop to create your code in minutes. Powerful And Open Source SDK At Your Fingertips Fully functional open-source Python/C++ SDK provides more flexible programming. ROS/ROS2 packages are ready-to-go. Example codes help you to deploy the robotic arm smoothly. Specifications UFactory 850 xArm 5 xArm 6 xArm 7 Payload 5 kg 3 kg 5 kg 3.5 kg Reach 850 mm 700 mm 700 mm 700 mm Degrees of freedom 6 5 6 7 Repeatability ±0.02 mm ±0.1 mm ±0.1 mm ±0.1 mm Maximum Speed 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s Weight (robot arm only) 20 kg 11.2 kg 12.2 kg 13.7 kg Maximum Speed 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s Joint 1 ±360° ±360° ±360° ±360° Joint 2 -132°～132° -118°～120° -118°～120° -118°～120° Joint 3 -242°~3.5° -225°~11° -225°~11° ±360° Joint 4 ±360° -97°~180° ±360° -11°～225° Joint 5 -124°~124° ±360° -97°~180° ±360° Joint 6 ±360° ±360° -97°~180° Joint 7 ±360° Hardware Ambient Temperature Range 0-50°C Power Consumption Typical 240 W, max 1000 W Input Power Supply 48 V DC, 20.8 A Footprint Ø 190 mm Materials Aluminum, Carbon Fiber Base Connector Type M8x4 ISO Class Cleanroom 5 Robot Mounting Any End Effector Communication Protocol Modbus RTU End Effector I/O 2x DI / 2x DO / 2x AI / 1x RS485 Communication Mode Ethernet Included 1x UFactory 850 robotic arm 1x AC control box 1x Control box power cable

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The uArm Swift Pro is a high quality robotic arm that can be used in a wide range of applications. The uArm Swift Pro was developed and optimized for use in education, which means that many packages are already available for open source platforms such as ROS. The uArm Swift Pro has a position repeatability of 0.2 mm and is also equipped with a stepper motor and a 12-bit encoder. These are just a few reasons that make the uArm Swift Pro an excellent choice for educational use. Another great feature is the 3D printing kit that converts the uArm Swift Pro into a 3D printer in less than 1 minute. The uArm supports the following development platforms/systems: UFACTORY SDK Arduino Python ROS GRABCAD OpenMV Smartphone App The smartphone app for iOS is already available in the App Store and enables easy control and monitoring of the robotic arm. The app for Android is in development and will be available soon. An example of the Machine Vision The following GIF shows the uArm in combination with the OpenMV Machine Vision Cam M7 and the facial recognition applications that can be implemented in MicroPython. Specifications Degrees of Freedom: 4 Repeatability: Up to 0.2 mm Payload: 500 g Working Range: 50-320 mm Positioning Speed: 100 m/s Position Feedback: 12-bit Encoder Dimensions: 150 x 140 x 281mm Weight: 2.2 kg Included UFactory uArm Swift Pro Body Bluetooth & Vacuum Gripper Downloads Datasheet

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A multi-axis robot perfectly balances power and size Features 5 Axis Payload: 3 kg Reach: 700 mm Repeatability: 0.1 mm Max Speed 1000 mm/s Applications Machine Tending Bin Picking Mobile platform Lab Automation Robotic Research Durable Collaborative robots for your automation Industrial-grade harmonic drive and servomotors guarantee 24/7 working without stop. Crafted from Carbon fiber, 15 kg weight makes it possible for easier deployment. Flexible deployment with safe feature Hand teaching, lightweight, space-saving and easy to re-deploy to multiple applications without changing your production layout. Perfectly for recurrent tasks. Collision detection is available for all of our cobots. Your safety is always the top priority. Graphical interface for beginner-friendly programming Compatible with various of operation systems, including macOS and Windows. Web-based technology compatible with all major browsers. Drag and drop to create your code in minutes. Powerful and open source SDK at your fingertips Fully functional open-source Python/C++ SDK provides more flexible programming. ROS/ROS2 packages are ready-to-go. Example codes help you to deploy the robotic arm smoothly. Specifications UFactory 850 xArm 5 xArm 6 xArm 7 Payload 5 kg 3 kg 5 kg 3.5 kg Reach 850 mm 700 mm 700 mm 700 mm Degrees of freedom 6 5 6 7 Repeatability ±0.02 mm ±0.1 mm ±0.1 mm ±0.1 mm Maximum Speed 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s Weight (robot arm only) 20 kg 11.2 kg 12.2 kg 13.7 kg Maximum Speed 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s Joint 1 ±360° ±360° ±360° ±360° Joint 2 -132°～132° -118°～120° -118°～120° -118°～120° Joint 3 -242°~3.5° -225°~11° -225°~11° ±360° Joint 4 ±360° -97°~180° ±360° -11°～225° Joint 5 -124°~124° ±360° -97°~180° ±360° Joint 6 ±360° ±360° -97°~180° Joint 7 ±360° Hardware Ambient Temperature Range 0-50°C Power Consumption Min 8.4 W, Typical 200 W, max 400 W Input Power Supply 24 V DC, 16.5 A Footprint Ø 126 mm Materials Aluminum, Carbon Fiber Base Connector Type M5x5 ISO Class Cleanroom 5 Robot Mounting Any End Effector Communication Protocol Modbus RTU(rs485) End Effector I/O 2x DI/2x DO/2x AI/1x RS485 Communication Mode Ethernet Included 1x xArm 5 robotic arm 1x AC control box 1x Robotic arm power cable 1x Robotic arm end effector adapter cable 1x Robotic arm signal cable 1x Control box power cable 1x Network cable 1x Mounting tool 1x Quick start guide

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This multi-axis robot perfectly balances power and size. Features Payload: 5 kg Reach: 700 mm Repeatability: 0.1 mm Max Speed 1000 mm/s Applications Machine Tending Bin Picking Mobile platform Lab Automation Robotic Research Durable Collaborative robots for your automation Industrial-grade harmonic drive and servomotors guarantee 24/7 working without stop. Crafted from Carbon fiber, 15 kg weight makes it possible for easier deployment. Flexible deployment with safe feature Hand teaching, lightweight, space-saving and easy to re-deploy to multiple applications without changing your production layout. Perfectly for recurrent tasks. Collision detection is available for all of our cobots. Your safety is always the top priority. Graphical interface for beginner-friendly programming Compatible with various of operation systems, including macOS and Windows. Web-based technology compatible with all major browsers. Drag and drop to create your code in minutes. Powerful and open source SDK at your fingertips Fully functional open-source Python/C++ SDK provides more flexible programming. ROS/ROS2 packages are ready-to-go. Example codes help you to deploy the robotic arm smoothly. Specifications UFactory 850 xArm 5 xArm 6 xArm 7 Payload 5 kg 3 kg 5 kg 3.5 kg Reach 850 mm 700 mm 700 mm 700 mm Degrees of freedom 6 5 6 7 Repeatability ±0.02 mm ±0.1 mm ±0.1 mm ±0.1 mm Maximum Speed 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s Weight (robot arm only) 20 kg 11.2 kg 12.2 kg 13.7 kg Maximum Speed 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s Joint 1 ±360° ±360° ±360° ±360° Joint 2 -132°～132° -118°～120° -118°～120° -118°～120° Joint 3 -242°~3.5° -225°~11° -225°~11° ±360° Joint 4 ±360° -97°~180° ±360° -11°～225° Joint 5 -124°~124° ±360° -97°~180° ±360° Joint 6 ±360° ±360° -97°~180° Joint 7 ±360° Hardware xArm Robot specs Ambient Temperature Range 0-50°C Power Consumption Min 8.4 W, Typical 200 W, max 400 W Input Power Supply 24 V DC, 16.5 A Footprint Ø 126 mm Materials Aluminum, Carbon Fiber Base Connector Type M5x5 ISO Class Cleanroom 5 Robot Mounting Any End Effector Communication Protocol Modbus RTU(rs485) End Effector I/O 2x DI/2x DO/2x AI/1x RS485 Communication Mode Ethernet Included 1x xArm 6 robotic arm 1x AC control box 1x Robotic arm power cable 1x Robotic arm end effector adapter cable 1x Robotic arm signal cable 1x Control box power cable 1x Network cable 1x Mounting tool 1x Quick start guide

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