History and Future in the Internet of Things This book thoroughly reviews the history of the development of embedded Operating Systems, covers the technical characteristics, historic facts, as well as background business stories of mainstream embedded Operating Systems, and analyzes the technical evolution, market development, and new opportunities of embedded Operating Systems in the age of the Internet of Things. From the perspective of time, the book examines the evolution of critical technical aspects, including real-time and Power Management of embedded Operating Systems and Linux, Internet of Things security, communication, and cloud computing. The book looks into applications of embedded Operating Systems with important markets of mobile phones, communication equipment, automobile, and wearable devices, and also discusses business model and the issue of intellectual property of embedded Operating Systems. In addition, the book walks through the status quo, technical features, product evaluation and background of the Internet of Things Operating Systems in the second half of the book.

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The ESP-01 Adapter 3.3-5 V is the ideal solution for connecting an ESP-01 ESP8266 module to a 5 V system such as Arduino Uno. Features Adapter module for ESP-01 Wi-Fi module 3.3 V voltage regulator circuit & onboard level conversion for easy use of 5 V microcontroller with ESP-01 Wi-Fi module Compatible with Uno R3 4.5~5.5 V (on-board 3.3 V LDO Regulator) Interface logic voltage: 3.3-5 V compatible (on-board level shift) Current: 0-240 mA

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This Wi-Fi module is based on the popular ESP8266 chip. The module is FCC and CE certified and RoHS compliant. Fully compatible with ESP-12E. 13 GPIO pins, 1 analog input, 4 MB flash memory.

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The ESP32-C3 chip has industry-leading low-power performance and radio frequency performance, and supports Wi-Fi IEEE802.11b/g/n protocol and BLE 5.0. The chip is equipped with a RISC-V 32-bit single-core processor with an operating frequency of up to 160 MHz. Support secondary development without using other microcontrollers or processors. The chip has built-in 400 KB SRAM, 384 KB ROM, 8 KB RTC SRAM, built-in 4 MB Flash also supports external Flash. The chip supports a variety of low power consumption working states, which can meet the power consumption requirements of various application scenarios. The chip's unique features such as fine clock gating function, dynamic voltage clock frequency adjustment function, and RF output power adjustable function can achieve the best balance between communication distance, communication rate and power consumption. The ESP-C3-12F module provides a wealth of peripheral interfaces, including UART, PWM, SPI, I²S, I²C, ADC, temperature sensor and up to 15 GPIOs. Features Support Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n, 1T1R mode data rate up to 150 Mbps Support BLE5.0, does not support classic Bluetooth, rate support: 125 Kbps, 500 Kbps, 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps RISC-V 32-bit single-core processor, supports a clock frequency of up to 160 MHz, has 400 KB SRAM, 384 KB ROM, 8 KB RTC SRAM Support UART/PWM/GPIO/ADC/I²C/I²S interface, support temperature sensor, pulse counter The development board has RGB three-in-one lamp beads, which is convenient for the second development of customers. Support multiple sleep modes, deep sleep current is less than 5 uA Serial port rate up to 5 Mbps Support STA/AP/STA+AP mode and promiscuous mode Support Smart Config (APP)/AirKiss (WeChat) of Android and iOS, one-click network configuration Support serial port local upgrade and remote firmware upgrade (FOTA) General AT commands can be used quickly Support secondary development, integrated Windows and Linux development environment About Flash configuration ESP-C3-12F uses the built-in 4 MB Flash of the chip by default, and supports the external Flash version of the chip.

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The ESP8266 from Espressif is a Wi-Fi microchip with full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability. It has made waves in the maker community with its low price. But many developers were unhappy with ESP8266's high power consumption. The ESP32, equipped with a ULP (Ultra Low Power) coprocessor, offers a remedy for this. This e-book features a number of projects featuring ESP32 & ESP8266 as well as an interview with the CEO of Espressif Teo Swee Ann. Articles ESP32 for Use in Industry 4.0 Equipment Scrolling Message Display, 512 LEDs controlled over Wi-Fi via an ESP-12F The Connected Greenhouse IoT demonstration project using MQTT and Node-RED VFD-tube Clock with ESP32 with an accurate Internet-derived time ESP32 Low Power DCF77 Emulator with ESP8266 ESP8266 on the Elektor Android I/O Board The Reason Behind the Hugely Popular ESP8266? Wi-Fi Desktop Thermostat Timers for the Wi-Fi Desktop Thermostat PlatformIO, the Universal Programming Tool Weather Display, Visualize current weather data on an LC display GoNotify, a Flexible IoT Sensor Interface ESP32 for Power Users USB Programming Adaptor for ESP8266 Getting started with ESP32 and the Arduino IDE MicroPython, Python for small systems RGBDigit Clock WLAN for Microcontrollers Return of the Wi-Fi Controller Board Compact and Self-contained WLAN

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This development board (also known as "Cheap Yellow Display") is powered by the ESP-WROOM-32, a dual-core MCU with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities. It operates at a main frequency of up to 240 MHz, with 520 KB SRAM, 448 KBROM, and a 4 MB Flash memory. The board features a 2.8-inch display with a resolution of 240x320 and resistive touch. Furthermore, the board includes a backlight control circuit, touch control circuit, speaker drive circuit, photosensitive circuit, and RGB-LED control circuit. It also provides a TF card slot, serial interface, DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor interface, and additional IO ports. The module supports development in Arduino IDE, ESP-IDE, MicroPython, and Mixly. Applications Image transmission for Smart Home device Wireless monitoring Smart agriculture QR wireless recognition Wireless positioning system signal And other IoT applications Specifications Microcontroller ESP-WROOM-32 (Dual-core MCU with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) Frequency Up to 240 MHz (computing power is up to 600 DMIPS) SRAM 520 KB ROM 448 KB Flash 4 MB Operating voltage 5 V Power consumption approx. 115 mA Display 2.8-inch color TFT screen (240x320) Touch Resistive Touch Driver chip ILI9341 Dimensions 50 x 86 mm Weight 50 g Included 1x ESP32 Dev Board with 2.8" Display and acrylic Shell 1x Touch pen 1x Connector cable 1x USB cable Downloads GitHub

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ESP32-C3-DevKitM-1 is an entry-level development board based on ESP32-C3-MINI-1, a module named for its small size. This board integrates complete Wi-Fi and Bluetooth LE functions. Most of the I/O pins on the ESP32-C3-MINI-1 module are broken out to the pin headers on both sides of this board for easy interfacing. Developers can either connect peripherals with jumper wires or mount ESP32-C3-DevKitM-1 on a breadboard. Specifications ESP32-C3-MINI-1 ESP32-C3-MINI-1 is a general-purpose Wi-Fi and Bluetooth LE combo module that comes with a PCB antenna. At the core of this module is ESP32-C3FN4, a chip that has an embedded flash of 4 MB. Since flash is packaged in the ESP32-C3FN4 chip, rather than integrated into the module, ESP32-C3-MINI-1 has a smaller package size. 5 V to 3.3 V LDO Power regulator that converts a 5 V supply into a 3.3 V output. 5 V Power On LED Turns on when the USB power is connected to the board. Pin Headers All available GPIO pins (except for the SPI bus for flash) are broken out to the pin headers on the board. For details, please see Header Block. Boot Button Download button. Holding down Boot and then pressing Reset initiates Firmware Download mode for downloading firmware through the serial port. Micro-USB Port USB interface. Power supply for the board as well as the communication interface between a computer and the ESP32-C3FN4 chip. Reset Button Press this button to restart the system. USB-to-UART Bridge Single USB-UART bridge chip provides transfer rates up to 3 Mbps. RGB LED Addressable RGB LED, driven by GPIO 8. Downloads ESP32-C3 Datasheet ESP32-C3-MINI-1 Datasheet ESP32-C3-DevKitM-1 Schematic ESP32-C3-DevKitM-1 PCB Layout ESP32-C3-DevKitM-1 Dimensions

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ESP32-C3-WROOM-02U is a general-purpose Wi-Fi and Bluetooth LE module. The rich set of peripherals and high performance make the module an ideal choice for smart homes, industrial automation, health care, consumer electronics, etc. ESP32-C3-WROOM-02U features an external SPI flash and comes with a connector for an external antenna. ESP32-C3-WROOM-02U has an operating ambient temperature option of –40∼85°C, embedded with the ESP32-C3 chip. ESP32-C3 has a 32-bit RISC-V single-core processor. It integrates a rich set of peripherals, ranging from UART, I²C, I²S, remote control peripheral, LED PWM controller, general DMA controller, TWAI controller, USB Serial/JTAG controller, temperature sensor, ADC, etc. It also includes SPI, Dual SPI and Quad SPI interfaces. Features Flash: 4 MB (Quad SPI) Dimensions: 18.0 x 20.0 x 3.2 mm Downloads Datasheet

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Features Product model: HW-818 Working voltage: DC 5V Product size: 27mm x 48.5 mm x 4.5 mm / 1.06” x 1.9” x 0.17” SPI Flash: Default 32Mbit RAM: Internal 520KB + External 4MPSRAM Bluetooth: Bluetooth 4.2 BR/EDR and BLE standards Wi-Fi: 802 II b/g/n/e/i Support interfaces: UART, SPI, I2C, PWM Supporting TF Card: Maximum Supporting 4G IO port: 9 Serial port rate: default 115200 BPS Image output format: JPEG (OV2640 only), BMP, GRAYSCALE Spectrum range: 2412-2484 MHz Antenna form: board PCB antenna, gain 2dBi Transmitting power: 802.l1b: 17 + 2dBm (1lMbps) 802.l1g:14+2dBm (54Mbps) 802.l1n:13+2dBm (MCS7)

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The ESP32-PICO-Kit fits into a mini breadboard. It is fully functional with the minimum number of discrete components, while it has all the ESP32 pins exposed. Features Complete up-to-date documentation is available. All instructions and commands presented work as described. Plentiful additional information and hardware documentation are available too. Applications for the ESP32-PICO-KIT can be developed on Windows, Linux or Mac. Two cores and a radio Like the ESP8266 the ESP32 has Wi-Fi but adds Bluetooth. It also has two 32-bit cores inside, making it extremely powerful, and providing all the ports and interfaces that the ESP8266 is lacking.Oversimplifying things, one might say that the ESP8266 is a Wi-Fi controller that provides some I/O, whereas the ESP32 is a full-fledged controller that also has Wi-Fi. ESP32 peripherals The ESP32 exposes an ADC & DAC, touch sensor circuitry, an SD/SDIO/MMC host controller, an SDIO/SPI slave controller, an EMAC, PWM to control LEDs and motors, UART, SPI, I²C, I²S, infrared remote controller, and, of course, GPIO. ESP32-PICO-KIT Development board The ESP32-PICO-D4 is a System-on-Chip (SoC) integrating an ESP32 chip together with a 4 MB SPI flash memory in a tiny 7 x 7 mm package. The ESP32-PICO-KIT is a breakout board for this SoC with an onboard USB-to-serial converter for easy programming and debugging. Besides the board, you'll need a programming toolchain. Complete, up-to-date documentation from Espressif is available on the Read the Docs website. All instructions and commands presented work as described.Plentiful additional information and hardware documentation are available too. Applications for the ESP32-PICO-KIT can be developed on Windows, Linux or Mac.

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ESP32-S2-Saola-1R is a small-sized ESP32-S2 based development board. Most of the I/O pins are broken out to the pin headers on both sides for easy interfacing. Developers can either connect peripherals with jumper wires or mount ESP32-S2-Saola-1R on a breadboard.ESP32-S2-Saola-1R is equipped with the ESP32-S2-WROVER module, a powerful, generic Wi-Fi MCU module that has a rich set of peripherals. It is an ideal choice for a wide variety of application scenarios relating to Internet of Things (IoT), wearable electronics and smart home. The board a PCB antenna and features a 4 MB external SPI flash and an additional 2 MB SPI Pseudo static RAM (PSRAM).FeaturesMCU ESP32-S2 embedded, Xtensa® single-core 32-bit LX7 microprocessor, up to 240 MHz 128 KB ROM 320 KB SRAM 16 KB SRAM in RTC Wi­Fi 802.11 b/g/n Bit rate: 802.11n up to 150 Mbps A-MPDU and A-MSDU aggregation 0.4 µs guard interval support Center frequency range of operating channel: 2412 ~ 2484 MHz Hardware Interfaces: GPIO, SPI, LCD, UART, I²C, I²S, Camera interface, IR, pulse counter, LED PWM, TWAI (compatible with ISO 11898-1), USB OTG 1.1, ADC, DAC, touch sensor, temperature sensor 40 MHz crystal oscillator 4 MB SPI flash Operating voltage/Power supply: 3.0 ~ 3.6 V Operating temperature range: –40 ~ 85 °C Dimensions: 18 × 31 × 3.3 mm Applications Generic Low-power IoT Sensor Hub Generic Low-power IoT Data Loggers Cameras for Video Streaming Over-the-top (OTT) Devices USB Devices Speech Recognition Image Recognition Mesh Network Home Automation Smart Home Control Panel Smart Building Industrial Automation Smart Agriculture Audio Applications Health Care Applications Wi-Fi-enabled Toys Wearable Electronics Retail & Catering Applications Smart POS Machines

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At the core of this module is ESP32-S2, an Xtensa® 32-bit LX7 CPU that operates at up to 240 MHz. The chip has a low-power co-processor that can be used instead of the CPU to save power while performing tasks that do not require much computing power, such as monitoring of peripherals. ESP32-S2 integrates a rich set of peripherals, ranging from SPI, I²S, UART, I²C, LED PWM, TWAITM, LCD, Camera interface, ADC, DAC, touch sensor, temperature sensor, as well as up to 43 GPIOs. It also includes a full-speed USB On-The-Go (OTG) interface to enable USB communication.FeaturesMCU ESP32-S2 embedded, Xtensa® single-core 32-bit LX7 microprocessor, up to 240 MHz 128 KB ROM 320 KB SRAM 16 KB SRAM in RTC Wi­Fi 802.11 b/g/n Bit rate: 802.11n up to 150 Mbps A-MPDU and A-MSDU aggregation 0.4 µs guard interval support Center frequency range of operating channel: 2412 ~ 2484 MHz Hardware Interfaces: GPIO, SPI, LCD, UART, I²C, I²S, Camera interface, IR, pulse counter, LED PWM, TWAI (compatible with ISO 11898-1), USB OTG 1.1, ADC, DAC, touch sensor, temperature sensor 40 MHz crystal oscillator 4 MB SPI flash Operating voltage/Power supply: 3.0 ~ 3.6 V Operating temperature range: –40 ~ 85 °C Dimensions: 18 × 31 × 3.3 mm Applications Generic Low-power IoT Sensor Hub Generic Low-power IoT Data Loggers Cameras for Video Streaming Over-the-top (OTT) Devices USB Devices Speech Recognition Image Recognition Mesh Network Home Automation Smart Home Control Panel Smart Building Industrial Automation Smart Agriculture Audio Applications Health Care Applications Wi-Fi-enabled Toys Wearable Electronics Retail & Catering Applications Smart POS Machines

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At the core of this module is ESP32-S2, an Xtensa® 32-bit LX7 CPU that operates at up to 240 MHz. The chip has a low-power co-processor that can be used instead of the CPU to save power while performing tasks that do not require much computing power, such as monitoring of peripherals. ESP32-S2 integrates a rich set of peripherals, ranging from SPI, I²S, UART, I²C, LED PWM, TWAITM, LCD, Camera interface, ADC, DAC, touch sensor, temperature sensor, as well as up to 43 GPIOs. It also includes a full-speed USB On-The-Go (OTG) interface to enable USB communication.FeaturesMCU ESP32-S2 embedded, Xtensa® single-core 32-bit LX7 microprocessor, up to 240 MHz 128 KB ROM 320 KB SRAM 16 KB SRAM in RTC Wi­Fi 802.11 b/g/n Bit rate: 802.11n up to 150 Mbps A-MPDU and A-MSDU aggregation 0.4 µs guard interval support Center frequency range of operating channel: 2412 ~ 2484 MHz Hardware Interfaces: GPIO, SPI, LCD, UART, I²C, I²S, Camera interface, IR, pulse counter, LED PWM, TWAI (compatible with ISO 11898-1), USB OTG 1.1, ADC, DAC, touch sensor, temperature sensor 40 MHz crystal oscillator 4 MB SPI flash Operating voltage/Power supply: 3.0 ~ 3.6 V Operating temperature range: –40 ~ 85 °C Dimensions: 18 × 31 × 3.3 mm Applications Generic Low-power IoT Sensor Hub Generic Low-power IoT Data Loggers Cameras for Video Streaming Over-the-top (OTT) Devices USB Devices Speech Recognition Image Recognition Mesh Network Home Automation Smart Home Control Panel Smart Building Industrial Automation Smart Agriculture Audio Applications Health Care Applications Wi-Fi-enabled Toys Wearable Electronics Retail & Catering Applications Smart POS Machines

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Take control of your smart environment with the compact and powerful 4-inch ESP32-S3 IPS Touchscreen Control Panel. Designed for high performance and versatility, this sleek 86-box format panel integrates advanced connectivity, intuitive touch control, and real-time environmental sensing. Features Powerful Core Module WT32-S3-WROVER-N16R8 4-inch IPS full-screen display Resolution: 480 x 480 pixels (RGB565 format) Screen Driver IC: GC9503V Touch Controller IC: FT6336U Equipped with an SHT20 Temperature and Humidity Sensor for real-time monitoring of environmental conditions. RS485 Interface using an automatic transceiver circuit Built-in WiFi and Bluetooth Applications Smart Home Control Panels Industrial Automation Interfaces Environmental Monitoring Systems IoT Projects and Custom Smart Solutions

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ESP32-S3-BOX-3 is based on Espressif’s ESP32-S3 Wi-Fi + Bluetooth 5 (LE) SoC, with AI acceleration capabilities. In addition to ESP32-S3’s 512 KB SRAM, ESP32-S3-BOX-3 comes with 16 MB of Quad flash and 16 MB of Octal PSRAM. ESP32-S3-BOX-3 runs Espressif’s own speech-recognition framework, ESP-SR, which provides users with an offline AI voice-assistant. It features far-field voice interaction, continuous recognition, wake-up interruption, and the ability to recognize over 200 customizable command words. BOX-3 can also be transformed into an online AI chatbot using advanced AIGC development platforms, such as OpenAI. Powered by the high-performance ESP32-S3 SoC, BOX-3 provides developers with an out-of-the-box solution to creating Edge AI and HMI applications. The advanced features and capabilities of BOX-3 make it an ideal choice for those in the IIoT industry who want to embrace Industry 4.0 and transform traditional factory-operating systems. ESP32-S3-BOX-3 is the main unit powered by the ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 module, which offers 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi + Bluetooth 5 (LE) wireless capability as well as AI acceleration capabilities. On top of 512 KB SRAM provided by the ESP32-S3 SoC, the module comes with additional 16 MB Quad flash and 16 MB Octal PSRAM. The board is equipped a 2.4-inch 320 x 240 SPI touch screen (the ‘red circle’ supports touch), two digital microphones, a speaker, 3‑axis Gyroscope, 3‑axis Accelerometer, one Type-C port for power and download/debug, a high-density PCIe connector which allows for hardware extensibility, as well as three functional buttons. Features ESP32-S3 WiFi + Bluetooth 5 (LE) Built-in 512 KB SRAM ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 16 MB Quad flash 16 MB Octal PSRAM Included ESP32-S3-BOX-3 Unit ESP32-S3-BOX-3 Sensor ESP32-S3-BOX-3 Dock ESP32-S3-BOX-3 Bracket ESP32-S3-BOX-3 Bread RGB LED module and Dupont wires USB-C cable Downloads GitHub

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The ESP32-S3-DevKitC-1 is an entry-level development board equipped with ESP32-S3-WROOM-1U, a general-purpose Wi-Fi + Bluetooth Low Energy MCU module that integrates complete Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Low Energy functions. Most of the I/O pins on the module are broken out to the pin headers on both sides of this board for easy interfacing. Developers can either connect peripherals with jumper wires or mount ESP32-S3-DevKitC-1 on a breadboard. Features Module integrated: ESP32-S3-WROOM-1U-N8R8 Flash: 8 MB QD PSRAM: 8 MB OT SPI voltage: 3.3 V Specifications ESP32-S3-WROOM-1U ESP32-S3-WROOM-1U is a powerful, generic Wi-Fi + Bluetooth Low Energy MCU module that has a rich set of peripherals. It provides acceleration for neural network computing and signal processing workloads. ESP32-S3-WROOM-1U comes with an external antenna connector. 5 V to 3.3 V LDO Power regulator that converts a 5 V supply into a 3.3 V output. Pin Headers All available GPIO pins (except for the SPI bus for flash) are broken out to the pin headers on the board for easy interfacing and programming. USB-to-UART Port A Micro-USB port used for power supply to the board, for flashing applications to the chip, as well as for communication with the chip via the on-board USB-to-UART bridge. Boot Button Download button. Holding down Boot and then pressing Reset initiates Firmware Download mode for downloading firmware through the serial port. Reset Button Press this button to restart the system. USB Port ESP32-S3 full-speed USB OTG interface, compliant with the USB 1.1 specification. The interface is used for power supply to the board, for flashing applications to the chip, for communication with the chip using USB 1.1 protocols, as well as for JTAG debugging. USB-to-UART Bridge Single USB-to-UART bridge chip provides transfer rates up to 3 Mbps. RGB LED Addressable RGB LED, driven by GPIO38. 3.3 V Power On LED Turns on when the USB power is connected to the board. Downloads Pinout

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The ESP32-WROOM-32, measuring 25.2 x 18 mm only, contains the ESP32 SoC, flash memory, precision discrete components, and PCB antenna to provide outstanding RF performance in space-constrained applications. ESP32-WROOM-32 is a powerful, generic Wi-Fi + BT + BLE MCU module that targets a wide variety of applications, ranging from low-power sensor networks to the most demanding tasks, such as voice encoding, music streaming and MP3 decoding. At the core of this module is the ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip. The chip embedded is designed to be scalable and adaptive. There are two CPU cores that can be individually controlled, and the clock frequency is adjustable from 80 MHz to 240 MHz. The user may also power off the CPU and make use of the low-power co-processor to monitor the peripherals for changes or crossing of thresholds constantly. ESP32 integrates a rich set of peripherals, ranging from capacitive touch sensors, Hall sensors, SD card interface, Ethernet, high-speed SPI, UART, I²S and I²C. The integration of Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE and Wi-Fi ensures that a wide range of applications can be targeted and that the module is future proof. Using Wi-Fi allows a vast physical range and direct connection to the internet through a Wi-Fi router while using Bluetooth allows the user to conveniently connect to the phone or broadcast low energy beacons for its detection. The sleep current of the ESP32 chip is less than 5 µA, making it suitable for battery powered and wearable electronics applications. ESP32 supports a data rate of up to 150 Mbps, and 20.5 dBm output power at the antenna to ensure the broadest physical range. As such the chip does offer industry-leading specifications and the best performance for electronic integration, range, power consumption, and connectivity. Downloads Datasheet

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Recently, the development of a tiny chip called the ESP8266 has made it possible to interface any type of microcontroller to a Wi-Fi AP. The ESP8266 is a low-cost tiny Wi-Fi chip having fully built-in TCP/IP stack and a 32-bit microcontroller unit. This chip, produced by Shanghai based Chinese manufacturer Espressif System, is IEEE 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi compatible with on-chip program and data memory, and general purpose input-output ports. Several manufacturers have incorporated the ESP8266 chip in their hardware products (e.g. ESP-xx, NodeMCU etc) and offer these products as a means of connecting a microcontroller system such as the Android, PIC microcontroller or others to a Wi-Fi. The ESP8266 is a low-power chip and costs only a few Dollars. ESP8266 and MicroPython – Coding Cool Stuff is an introduction to the ESP8266 chip and describes the features of this chip and shows how various firmware and programming languages such as the MicroPython can be uploaded to the chip. The main aim of the book is to teach the readers how to use the MicroPython programming language on ESP8266 based hardware, especially on the NodeMCU. Several interesting and useful projects are given in the book to show how to use the MicroPython in NodeMCU type ESP8266 hardware: Project “What shall I wear today?”: You will be developing a weather information system using a NodeMCU development board together with a Text-to-Speech processor module. Project “The Temperature and Humidity on the Cloud”: You will be developing a system that will get the ambient temperature and humidity using a sensor and then store this data on the cloud so that it can be accessed from anywhere. Project “Remote Web Based Control”: You will be developing a system that will remotely control two LEDs connected to a NodeMCU development board using an HTTP Web Server application.

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Recently, the development of a tiny chip called the ESP8266 has made it possible to interface any type of microcontroller to a Wi-Fi AP. The ESP8266 is a low-cost tiny Wi-Fi chip having fully built-in TCP/IP stack and a 32-bit microcontroller unit. This chip, produced by Shanghai based Chinese manufacturer Espressif System, is IEEE 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi compatible with on-chip program and data memory, and general purpose input-output ports. Several manufacturers have incorporated the ESP8266 chip in their hardware products (e.g. ESP-xx, NodeMCU etc) and offer these products as a means of connecting a microcontroller system such as the Android, PIC microcontroller or others to a Wi-Fi. The ESP8266 is a low-power chip and costs only a few Dollars. ESP8266 and MicroPython – Coding Cool Stuff is an introduction to the ESP8266 chip and describes the features of this chip and shows how various firmware and programming languages such as the MicroPython can be uploaded to the chip. The main aim of the book is to teach the readers how to use the MicroPython programming language on ESP8266 based hardware, especially on the NodeMCU. Several interesting and useful projects are given in the e-book (pdf) to show how to use the MicroPython in NodeMCU type ESP8266 hardware: Project “What shall I wear today?”: You will be developing a weather information system using a NodeMCU development board together with a Text-to-Speech processor module. Project “The Temperature and Humidity on the Cloud”: You will be developing a system that will get the ambient temperature and humidity using a sensor and then store this data on the cloud so that it can be accessed from anywhere. Project “Remote Web Based Control”: You will be developing a system that will remotely control two LEDs connected to a NodeMCU development board using an HTTP Web Server application.

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The ESP8266 is an impressive, low cost WiFi module suitable for adding WiFi functionality to an existing microcontroller project via a UART serial connection. The module can even be reprogrammed to act as a standalone WiFi connected device – just add power! 802.11 b/g/n protocol Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack This module is a self-contained SOC (System On a Chip) that doesn’t necessarily need a microcontroller to manipulate inputs and outputs as you would normally do with an Arduino , for example, because the ESP-01 acts as a small computer. Thus, you can give a microcontroller internet access like the Wi-Fi shield does to the Arduino, or you can simply program the ESP8266 to not only have access to a Wi-Fi network, but to act as a microcontroller as well, which makes the ESP8266 very versatile.

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EU Power Supply for Arduino Uno (9 V, 1 A)

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The Eurorack Stripboard is the most convenient way to build a simple DIY Eurorack synthesizer module. It works like a standard protoboard, but with specific additions for the Eurorack format. You can also use the Stripboard with the 4HP Front Panel. You can place up to 5 potentiometers or 5 jack connectors on the dedicated locations. The potentiometers can be any of 9 or 16 mm types, Alpha PKN160 for example. The Jack connectors are Cliff S6/BB mono style. With the Eurorack power supply interface, it's extremely easy to connect either a 16-pin or a 10-pin Eurorack power connector. The clear and detailed silkscreen labels indicate where the different voltages are located on the PCB. You can also add 2 filtering capacitors and 2 protection diodes. How to connect jacks and potentiometers The jack connectors are Cliff CL1384. They use the strips A, B, D and E. A and B are switched open when the male jack connector is inserted. D and E are the contacts to the male connector. E is Tip (the signal) and D is Ring (usually the 0V reference, often designated as “ground”). Note that Cliff jacks are insulated from the panel. The potentiometers are 9 mm (2.5 mm pin pitch) or 16 mm (5 mm pin pitch). Alpha 9 mm are a good choice. They align pretty nicely with Cliff jacks on the front panel. They connect to strips B, C and D. B is Counter Clock Wise pole. D is Clock Wise pole. and C is Wiper pole. Dimensions The PCB is 100 mm high and 50 mm wide. Thus, the depth for the Eurorack module will be 50 mm behind the panel. Downloads Documentation DIY Layout Creator

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The field of digital electronics is central to modern technology. This e-book presents fundamental circuits using gates, flip-flops and counters from the CMOS 4000 Series. Each of the 50 experiments has a circuit diagram as well as a detailed illustration of the circuit’s construction on solderless breadboard. Learning these fundamentals is best done using practical experiments. Building these digital circuits will improve your knowledge and will be fun to boot. Many of the circuits presented here have practical real-life applications. With a good overview of the field, you’ll be well equipped to find simple and cost-effective solutions for any application. The e-book is targeted essentially at students, trainees and anyone with an interest in and requiring an introduction to digital control electronics. Moreover, the knowledge gleaned here is the foundation for further projects in the field of microcontrollers and programming.

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AVR Architecture and Programming An in-depth look at the 8-bit AVR architecture found in ATtiny and ATmega microcontrollers, mainly from a software and programming point of view. Explore the AVR architecture using C and assembly language in Microchip Studio (formerly Atmel Studio) with ATtiny microcontrollers. Learn the details of how AVR microcontrollers work internally, including the internal registers and memory map of ATtiny devices. Program ATtiny microcontrollers using an Atmel-ICE programmer/debugger, or use a cheap hobby programmer, or even an Arduino Uno as a programmer. Most code examples can be run using the Microchip Studio AVR simulator. Learn to write programs for ATtiny microcontrollers in assembly language. See how assembly language is converted to machine code instructions by the assembler program. Find out how programs written in the C programming language end up as assembly language and finally as machine code instructions. Use the Microchip Studio debugger in combination with a hardware USB programmer/debugger to test assembly and C language programs, or use the Microchip Studio AVR simulator. DIP packaged ATtiny microcontrollers are used in this volume for easy use on electronic breadboards, targeting mainly the ATtiny13(A) and ATtiny25/45/85. Learn about instruction timing and clocks in AVR microcontrollers using ATtiny devices. Be on your way to becoming an AVR expert with advanced debugging and programming skills.

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