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Features Suitable for Raspberry Pi + GPIO Extension Board Exquisite appearance DIY operation Specifications Size of GPIO Extension Board: 7.5 x 6 cm (3 x 2.4') Size of Breadboard: 16.5 x 5.5 x 1 cm (6.5 x 2.2 x 0.4') Included 1x GPIO Extension Board 1x Breadboard 1x 40P Pin Connect Line 8x 1K Resistor 8x 10K Resistor 4x LED (yellow) 4x LED (red) 4x Key 10x 25 mm Jumper Wires A 10x 25 mm Jumper Wires B

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Multitasking and multiprocessing have become a very important topic in microcontroller-based systems, namely in complex commercial, domestic, and industrial automation applications. As the complexity of projects grows, more functionalities are demanded from the projects. Such projects require the use of multiple inter-related tasks running on the same system and sharing the available resources, such as the CPU, memory, and input-output ports. As a result of this, the importance of multitasking operations in microcontroller-based applications has grown steadily over the last few years. Many complex automation projects now make use of some form of a multitasking kernel. This book is project-based and its main aim is to teach the basic features of multitasking using the Python 3 programming language on Raspberry Pi. Many fully tested projects are provided in the book using the multitasking modules of Python. Each project is described fully and in detail. Complete program listings are given for each project. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their own needs. The following Python multitasking modules have been described and used in the projects: Fork Thread Threading Subprocess Multiprocessing The book includes simple multitasking projects such as independently controlling multiple LEDs, to more complex multitasking projects such as on/off temperature control, traffic lights control, 2-digit, and 4-digit 7-segment LED event counter, reaction timer, stepper motor control, keypad based projects, car park controller, and many more. The fundamental multitasking concepts such as process synchronization, process communication, and memory sharing techniques have been described in projects concerning event flags, queues, semaphores, values, and so on.

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Cool Projects for Test, Measurement, and Control The Raspberry Pi has dominated the maker scene for many years. Freely accessible I/O pins have made it one of the most popular processor boards of all time. However, the classic Raspberry Pi has no analog inputs. Direct measurement of analog values is therefore not possible. Consequently, photodiodes, NTCs, Hall sensors, etc. cannot be read directly. In addition, the pins are connected directly to the exposed contacts, i.e. without a driver or protection circuit. This can quickly destroy the central controller and thus the entire Raspberry Pi. These problems can be elegantly solved with the Pico. As a front-end, it can easily handle a wide range of measurement tasks. In addition, the Pico is much cheaper than a classic Raspberry Pi 4 or 5. If a faulty circuit leads to the destruction of the Pico, this is relatively easy to handle. This makes the combination of a classic Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 and the Pico an ideal pair. The book introduces the broad and highly topical field of modern controller technology using the combined force of a Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 and a Raspberry Pi Pico. In addition to a detailed introduction to the operation and functionality of the controller boards themselves, the book also focuses on data acquisition and processing with digital processors. Especially the combination of both systems offers a wide range of interesting possibilities. Some practical projects from the contents: USB between Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 and Pico I²C Communication and Pico as an I²C device Voltmeter and Computer Thermometer Pico W as a Web Server and WLAN Scanner Frequency Meters and Generators OLED Displays on Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 and Pico Energy Saving Monitor Which Astronauts are in Orbit? Mini Monitor for Current Bitcoin Exchange Rate

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World’s Most Popular ROS Platform TurtleBot is the most popular open source robot for education and research. The new generation TurtleBot3 is a small, low cost, fully programmable, ROS based mobile robot. It is intended to be used for education, research, hobby and product prototyping. Affordable Cost TurtleBot was developed to meet the cost-conscious needs of schools, laboratories and companies. TurtleBot3 is the most affordable robot among the SLAM-able mobile robots equipped with a 360° Laser Distance Sensor LDS-01. ROS Standard The TurtleBot brand is managed by Open Robotics, which develops and maintains ROS. Nowadays, ROS has become the go-to platform for all the roboticists around the world. TurtleBot can be integrated with existing ROS-based robot components, but TurtleBot3 can be an affordable platform for whom want to get started learning ROS. Extensibility TurtleBot3 encourages users to customize its mechanical structure with some alternative options: open source embedded board (as a control board), computer and sensors. TurtleBot3 Waffle Pi is a two-wheeled differential drive type platform but it is able to be structurally and mechanically customized in many ways: Cars, Bikes, Trailers and so on. Extend your ideas beyond imagination with various SBC, sensors and motors on a scalable structure. Modular Actuator for Mobile Robot TurtleBot3 is able to get a precise spatial data by using 2 DYNAMIXEL’s in the wheel joints. DYNAMIXEL XM series can be operated by one of 6 operating modes (XL series: 4 operating modes): Velocity control mode for wheels, Torque control mode or Position control mode for joint, etc. DYNAMIXEL can be used even to make a mobile manipulator which is light but can be precisely controlled with velocity, torque and position control. DYNAMIXEL is a core component that makes TurtleBot3 perfect. It is easy to assemble, maintain, replace and reconfigure. Open Control Board for ROS The control board is open-sourced in hardware wise and in software wise for ROS communication. The open source control board OpenCR1.0 is powerful enough to control not only DYNAMIXEL’s but also ROBOTIS sensors that are frequently being used for basic recognition tasks in cost effective way. Various sensors such as Touch sensor, Infrared sensor, Color sensor and a handful more are available. The OpenCR1.0 has an IMU sensor inside the board so that it can enhance precise control for countless applications. The board has 3.3 V, 5 V, 12 V power supplies to reinforce the available computer device lineups. Open Source The hardware, firmware and software of TurtleBot3 are open source which means that users are welcomed to download, modify and share source codes. All components of TurtleBot3 are manufactured with injection molded plastic to achieve low cost, however, the 3D CAD data is also available for 3D printing. Specifications Maximum translational velocity 0.26 m/s Maximum rotational velocity 1.82 rad/s (104.27 deg/s) Maximum payload 30 kg Size (L x W x H) 281 x 306 x 141 mm Weight (+ SBC + Battery + Sensors) 1.8 kg Threshold of climbing 10 mm or lower Expected operating time 2h Expected charging time 2h 30m SBC (Single Board Computers) Raspberry Pi 4 (2 GB RAM) MCU 32-bit ARM Cortex-M7 with FPU (216 MHz, 462 DMIPS) Remote Controller RC-100B + BT-410 Set (Bluetooth 4, BLE) Actuator XL430-W210 LDS (Laser Distance Sensor) 360 Laser Distance Sensor LDS-01 or LDS-02 Camera Raspberry Pi Camera Module v2.1 IMU Gyroscope 3 AxisAccelerometer 3 Axis Power connectors 3.3 V/800 mA5 V/4 A12 V/1 A Expansion pins GPIO 18 pinsArduino 32 pin Peripheral 3x UART, 1x CAN, 1x SPI, 1x I²C, 5x ADC, 4x 5-pin OLLO DYNAMIXEL ports 3x RS485, 3x TTL Audio Several programmable beep sequences Programmable LEDs 4x User LED Status LEDs 1x Board status LED1x Arduino LED1x Power LED Buttons and Switches 2x Push buttons, 1x Reset button, 2x Dip switch Battery Lithium polymer 11.1 V 1800 mAh / 19.98 Wh 5C PC connection USB Firmware upgrade via USB / via JTAG Power adapter (SMPS) Input: 100-240 VAC 50/60 Hz, 1.5 A @maxOutput: 12 VDC, 5 A Downloads ROS Robot Programming GitHub E-Manual Community

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We've incorporated tinkering essentials like a mini breadboard, motor drivers, ADC inputs, a built in speaker, general purpose inputs/outputs, switches, and two Breakout Garden slots so you can add on a couple of breakouts. We've also managed to fit in a vibrant 240x240 IPS LCD screen with four tactile buttons so you can easily monitor and control what your project is doing. It's all wrapped up in a nice, sturdy baseboard with a pleasingly compact footprint which won't involve nearly as many trailing wires as if you were experimenting with a traditional breadboard setup. Our comprehensive MicroPython and C++ libraries will let you control every aspect of the board like a digital maestro. It's great for beginners and advanced users. Features Pico Explorer Base Piezo speaker 1.54' IPS LCD screen (240x240) Four user-controllable switches Two Half-Bridge motor drivers (with over current indicator LED) Easy access GPIO and ADC pin Headers Two Breakout Garden I²C sockets Mini breadboard Rubber feet Compatible with Raspberry Pi Pico No soldering required (as long as your Pico has header pins attached). Dimensions: approx 117 x 63 x 20 mm (L x W x H, assembled) C/C++ and MicroPython libraries Schematic

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Build robust, intelligent machines that combine Raspberry Pi computing power with LEGO components. The Raspberry Pi Build HAT provides four connectors for LEGO Technic motors and sensors from the SPIKE Portfolio. The available sensors include a distance sensor, a color sensor, and a versatile force sensor. The angular motors come in a range of sizes and include integrated encoders that can be queried to find their position. The Build HAT fits all Raspberry Pi computers with a 40-pin GPIO header, including – with the addition of a ribbon cable or other extension device — Raspberry Pi 400. Connected LEGO Technic devices can easily be controlled in Python, alongside standard Raspberry Pi accessories such as a camera module. Features Controls up to 4 motors and sensors Powers the Raspberry Pi (when used with a suitable external PSU) Easy to use from Python on the Raspberry Pi

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The Raspberry Pi Debug Probe is an all-in-one USB-to-debug kit that provides all the necessary hardware and cables for easy, solderless, plug-and-play debugging. It features both a processor serial debug interface (by default the ARM Serial Wire Debug interface, but other interfaces can be supported) and an industry-standard UART interface. Both interfaces use the Raspberry Pi 3-pin debug connector. It is designed to make it easy to debug and program Raspberry Pi Pico and RP2040 with a range of host platforms including Windows, Mac, and typical Linux computers. While designed for use with Raspberry Pi products, the Debug Probe provides standard UART and CMSIS-DAP interfaces over USB, so it can also be used with other processors, or even just as a USB-to-UART cable. It works with OpenOCD and other tools that support CMSIS-DAP. The Debug Probe is based on Raspberry Pi Pico hardware and runs the open source Raspberry Pi Pico Probe software. The firmware is updated in the same way as Raspberry Pi Pico firmware, so it is easy to keep the unit up to date with the latest firmware, or to use custom firmware. Features USB to ARM Serial Wire Debug (SWD) port USB to UART bridge Compatible with the CMSIS-DAP standard Works with OpenOCD and other tools supporting CMSIS-DAP Open source, easily upgradeable firmware Specifications Dimensions: 22 x 32 mm Nominal I/O voltage: 3.3 V Operating temperature: -20°C to +70°C Included 1x Raspberry Pi Debug Probe 1x Plastic case 1x USB cable 3x Debug cables 3-pin JST connector to 3-pin JST connector cable 3-pin JST connector to 0.1-inch header (female) 3-pin JST connector to 0.1-inch header (male) Downloads Datasheet 3-pin Debug Connector Schematics Diagram Latest Firmware

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Learn to program displays and GUIs with Python This book is about Raspberry Pi 4 display projects. The book starts by explaining how to install the latest Raspbian operating system on an SD card, and how to configure and use the GPIO ports. The core of the book explains the following topics in simple terms with fully tested and working example projects: Simple LED projects Bar graph LED projects Matrix LED projects Bitmap LED projects LED strips LCDs OLED displays E-paper displays TFT displays 7-inch touch screen GUI Programming with Tkinder One unique feature of this book is that it covers almost all types of display that readers will need to use in their Raspberry Pi based projects. The operation of each project is fully given, including block diagrams, circuit diagrams, and commented full program listings. It is therefore an easy task to convert the given projects to run on other popular platforms, such as Arduino or PIC microcontrollers. Python program listings of all Raspberry Pi projects developed in this book are available for download at Elektor.com. Readers can use these programs in their projects. Alternatively, they can modify the programs to suit their applications.

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The Raspberry Pi Pico 2 is a new microcontroller board from the Raspberry Pi Foundation, based on the RP2350. It features a higher core clock speed, double the on-chip SRAM, double the on-board flash memory, more powerful Arm cores, optional RISC-V cores, new security features, and upgraded interfacing capabilities. The Raspberry Pi Pico 2 offers a significant boost in performance and features while maintaining hardware and software compatibility with earlier members of the Raspberry Pi Pico series. The RP2350 provides a comprehensive security architecture built around Arm TrustZone for Cortex-M. It incorporates signed boot, 8 KB of antifuse OTP for key storage, SHA-256 acceleration, a hardware TRNG, and fast glitch detectors. The unique dual-core, dual-architecture capability of the RP2350 allows users to choose between a pair of industry-standard Arm Cortex-M33 cores and a pair of open-hardware Hazard3 RISC-V cores. Programmable in C/C++ and Python, and supported by detailed documentation, the Raspberry Pi Pico 2 is the ideal microcontroller board for both enthusiasts and professional developers. Specifications CPU Dual Arm Cortex-M33 or dual RISC-V Hazard3 processors @ 150 MHz Memory 520 KB on-chip SRAM; 4 MB on-board QSPI flash Interfaces 26 multi-purpose GPIO pins, including 4 that can be used for AD Peripherals 2x UART 2x SPI controllers 2x I²C controllers 24x PWM channels 1x USB 1.1 controller and PHY, with host and device support 12x PIO state machines Input power 1.8-5.5 V DC Dimensions 21 x 51 mm Downloads Datasheet (Pico 2) Datasheet (RP2350)

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The Raspberry Pi Zero W extends the Raspberry Pi Zero family. The Raspberry Pi Zero W has all the functionality of the original Raspberry Pi Zero, but comes with added connectivity consisting of: 802.11 b/g/n wireless LAN Bluetooth 4.1 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Other Features 1 GHz, single-core CPU 512 MB RAM Mini HDMI and USB On-The-Go ports Micro-USB power HAT-compatible 40-pin header Composite video and reset headers CSI camera connector Downloads Mechanical Drawing Schematics

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Raspberry Pi Pico W is a microcontroller board based on the Raspberry Pi RP2040 microcontroller chip. The RP2040 microcontroller chip ('Raspberry Silicon') offers a dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ processor (133 MHz), 256 KB RAM, 30 GPIO pins, and many other interface options. In addition, there is 2 MB of on-board QSPI flash memory for code and data storage. Raspberry Pi Pico W has been designed to be a low cost yet flexible development platform for RP2040 with a 2.4 GHz wireless interface using an Infineon CYW43439. The wireless interface is connected via SPI to the RP2040. Features of Pico W RP2040 microcontroller with 2 MB of flash memory On-board single-band 2.4 GHz wireless interfaces (802.11n) Micro USB B port for power and data (and for reprogramming the flash) 40 pin 21 x 51 mm 'DIP' style 1 mm thick PCB with 0.1' through-hole pins also with edge castellations Exposes 26 multi-function 3.3 V general purpose I/O (GPIO) 23 GPIO are digital-only, with three also being ADC capable Can be surface mounted as a module 3-pin ARM serial wire debug (SWD) port Simple yet highly flexible power supply architecture Various options for easily powering the unit from micro USB, external supplies or batteries High quality, low cost, high availability Comprehensive SDK, software examples and documentation Features of the RP2040 microcontroller Dual-core cortex M0+ at up to 133 MHz On-chip PLL allows variable core frequency 264 kByte multi-bank high performance SRAM External Quad-SPI Flash with eXecute In Place (XIP) and 16 kByte on-chip cache High performance full-crossbar bus fabric On-board USB1.1 (device or host) 30 multi-function general purpose I/O (four can be used for ADC) 1.8-3.3 V I/O voltage 12-bit 500 ksps analogue to digital converter (ADC) Various digital peripherals 2x UART, 2x I²C, 2x SPI, 16x PWM channels 1x timer with 4 alarms, 1x real time clock 2x programmable I/O (PIO) blocks, 8 state machines in total Flexible, user-programmable high-speed I/O Can emulate interfaces such as SD card and VGA Note: Raspberry Pi Pico W I/O voltage is fixed at 3.3 V. Downloads Datasheet Specifications of 3-pin Debug Connector

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The Raspberry Pi Monitor is a 15.6-inch Full HD computer display. User-friendly, versatile, compact and affordable, it is the perfect desktop display companion for both Raspberry Pi computers and other devices. With built-in audio via two front-facing speakers, and VESA and screw mounting options as well as an integrated angle-adjustable stand, the Raspberry Pi Monitor is ideal for desktop use or for integration into projects and systems. It can be powered directly from a Raspberry Pi, or by a separate power supply. Features 15.6-inch full HD 1080p IPS display Integrated angle-adjustable stand Built-in audio via two front-facing speakers Audio out via 3.5 mm jack Full-size HDMI input VESA and screw mounting options Volume and brightness control buttons USB-C power cable Specifications Display Screen size: 15.6 inches, 16:9 ratio Panel type: IPS LCD with anti-glare coating Display resolution: 1920 x 1080 Color depth: 16.2M Brightness (typical): 250 nits Color gamut: 45% Viewing angle: 80° Power 1.5 A/5 V Can be powered directly from a Raspberry Pi USB port (max 60% brightness, 50% volume) or by a separate power supply (max 100% brightness, 100% volume) Connectivity Standard HDMI port (1.4 compliant) 3.5 mm stereo headphone jack USB-C (power in) Audio 2x 1.2 W integrated speakers Support for 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, and 96 kHz sample rates Downloads Datasheet

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