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This book covers a series of exciting and fun projects for the Arduino, such as a silent alarm, people sensor, light sensor, motor control, internet and wireless control (using a radio link). Contrary to many free projects on the internet all projects in this book have been extensively tested and are guaranteed to work! You can use it as a projects book and build more than 45 projects for your own use. The clear explanations, schematics, and pictures of each project make this a fun activity. The pictures are taken of a working project, so you know for sure that they are correct. You can combine the projects in this book to make your own projects. To facilitate this, clear explanations are provided on how the project works and why it has been designed the way it has That way you will learn a lot about the project and the parts used, knowledge that you can use in your own projects. Apart from that, the book can be used as a reference guide. Using the index, you can easily locate projects that serve as examples for the C++ commands and Arduino functionality. Even after you’ve built all the projects in this book, it will still be a valuable reference guide to keep next to your PC.

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The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller development system encompassing hardware, an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and a vast number of libraries. It is supported by an enormous community of programmers, electronic engineers, enthusiasts, and academics. The libraries in particular really smooth Arduino programming and reduce programming time. What’s more, the libraries greatly facilitate testing your programs since most come fully tested and working. The Raspberry Pi 4 can be used in many applications such as audio and video media devices. It also works in industrial controllers, robotics, games, and in many domestic and commercial applications. The Raspberry Pi 4 also offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capability which makes it great for remote and Internet-based control and monitoring applications. This book is about using both the Raspberry Pi 4 and the Arduino Uno in PID-based automatic control applications. The book starts with basic theory of the control systems and feedback control. Working and tested projects are given for controlling real-life systems using PID controllers. The open-loop step time response, tuning the PID parameters, and the closed-loop time response of the developed systems are discussed together with the block diagrams, circuit diagrams, PID controller algorithms, and the full program listings for both the Raspberry Pi and the Arduino Uno. The projects given in the book aim to teach the theory and applications of PID controllers and can be modified easily as desired for other applications. The projects given for the Raspberry Pi 4 should work with all other models of Raspberry Pi family. The book covers the following topics: Open-loop and closed-loop control systems Analog and digital sensors Transfer functions and continuous-time systems First-order and second-order system time responses Discrete-time digital systems Continuous-time PID controllers Discrete-time PID controllers ON-OFF temperature control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based temperature control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based DC motor control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based water level control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based LED-LDR brightness control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno

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The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328 (Arduino Nano 3.x). It has more or less the same functionality of the Arduino Duemilanove but in a different package. It lacks only a DC power jack and works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one. Specifications Microcontroller ATmega328 Operating Voltage (logic level) 5 V Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12 V Input Voltage (limits) 6-20 V Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) Analog Input Pins 8 DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA Flash Memory 16 KB (ATmega168) or 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 2 KB used by bootloader SRAM 1 KB (ATmega168) or 2 KB (ATmega328) EEPROM 512 bytes (ATmega168) or 1 KB (ATmega328) Clock Speed 16 MHz Dimensions 0.73 x 1.70' (18 x 45 mm) Power The Arduino Nano can be powered via the Mini-B USB connection, 6-20 V unregulated external power supply (pin 30), or 5 V regulated external power supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically selected to the highest voltage source. Memory The ATmega168 has 16 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 2 KB is used for the bootloader), 1 KB of SRAM and 512 bytes of EEPROM The ATmega328 has 32 KB of flash memory for storing code, (also with 2 KB used for the bootloader), 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM. Input and Output Each of the 14 digital pins on the Nano can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 V. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. Communication The Arduino Nano has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega168 and ATmega328 provide UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An FTDI FT232RL on the board channels this serial communication over USB and the FTDI drivers (included with the Arduino software) provide a virtual com port to software on the computer. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the FTDI chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Nano's digital pins. Programming The Arduino Nano can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). The ATmega168 or ATmega328 on the Arduino Nano comes with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files). You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header using Arduino ISP or similar; see these instructions for details. Automatic (Software) Reset Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Nano is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of theFT232RL is connected to the reset line of the ATmega168 or ATmega328 via a 100 nF capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload.

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The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller development system encompassing hardware, an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and a vast number of libraries. It is supported by an enormous community of programmers, electronic engineers, enthusiasts, and academics. The libraries in particular really smooth Arduino programming and reduce programming time. What’s more, the libraries greatly facilitate testing your programs since most come fully tested and working. The Raspberry Pi 4 can be used in many applications such as audio and video media devices. It also works in industrial controllers, robotics, games, and in many domestic and commercial applications. The Raspberry Pi 4 also offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capability which makes it great for remote and Internet-based control and monitoring applications. This book is about using both the Raspberry Pi 4 and the Arduino Uno in PID-based automatic control applications. The book starts with basic theory of the control systems and feedback control. Working and tested projects are given for controlling real-life systems using PID controllers. The open-loop step time response, tuning the PID parameters, and the closed-loop time response of the developed systems are discussed together with the block diagrams, circuit diagrams, PID controller algorithms, and the full program listings for both the Raspberry Pi and the Arduino Uno. The projects given in the book aim to teach the theory and applications of PID controllers and can be modified easily as desired for other applications. The projects given for the Raspberry Pi 4 should work with all other models of Raspberry Pi family. The book covers the following topics: Open-loop and closed-loop control systems Analog and digital sensors Transfer functions and continuous-time systems First-order and second-order system time responses Discrete-time digital systems Continuous-time PID controllers Discrete-time PID controllers ON-OFF temperature control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based temperature control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based DC motor control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based water level control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based LED-LDR brightness control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno

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The Elektor MultiCalculator Kit is an Arduino-based multifunction calculator that goes beyond basic calculations. It offers 22 functions including light and temperature measurement, differential temperature analysis, and NEC IR remote control decoding. The Elektor MultiCalculator is a handy tool for use in your projects or for educational purposes. The kit features a Pro Mini module as the computing unit. The PCB is easy to assemble using through-hole components. The enclosure consists of 11 acrylic panels and mounting materials for easy assembly. Additionally, the device is equipped with a 16x2 alphanumeric LCD, 20 buttons, and temperature sensors. The Elektor MultiCalculator is programmable with the Arduino IDE through a 6-way PCB header. The available software is bilingual (English and Dutch). The calculator can be programmed with a programming adapter, and it is powered through USB-C. Modes of Operation Calculator 4-Ring Resistor Code 5-Ring Resistor Code Decimal to Hexadecimal and Character (ASCII) conversion Hexadecimal to Decimal and Character (ASCII) conversion Decimal to Binary and Character (ASCII) conversion Binary to Decimal and Hexadecimal conversion Hz, nF, capacitive reactance (XC) calculation Hz, µH, inductive reactance (XL) calculation Resistance calculation of two resistors connected in parallel Resistance calculation of two resistors connected in series Calculation of unknown parallel resistor Temperature measurement Differential temperature measurement T1&T2 and Delta (δ) Light measurement Stopwatch with lap time function Item counter NEC IR remote control decoding AWG conversion (American Wire Gauge) Rolling Dice Personalize startup message Temperature calibration Specifications Menu languages: English, Dutch Dimensions: 92 x 138 x 40 mm Build time: approx. 5 hours Included PCB and though-hole components Precut acrylic sheets with all mechanical parts Pro Mini microcontroller module (ATmega328/5 V/16 MHz) Programming adapter Waterproof temperature sensors USB-C cable Downloads Software

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The Arduino MKR Zero is a development board for music makers! With an SD card holder and dedicated SPI interfaces (SPI1), you are able to play music files without extra hardware. The MKR Zero brings you the power of a Zero in the smaller format established by the MKR form factor. The MKR Zero board acts as a great educational tool for learning about 32-bit application development. It has an on-board SD connector with dedicated SPI interfaces (SPI1) that allows you to play with MUSIC files with no extra hardware! The board is powered by Atmel’s SAMD21 MCU, which features a 32-bit ARM Cortex M0+ core. The board contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a micro-USB cable or power it by a LiPo battery. The battery voltage can also be monitored since a connection between the battery and the analog converter of the board exists. Specifications Microcontroller SAMD21 ARM Cortex-M0+ 32-bit low power Board power supply (USB/VIN) 5 V Supported battery Li-Po single cell, 3.7 V, 700 mAh minimum DC current for 3.3 V pin 600 mA DC current for 5 V pin 600 mA Circuit operating voltage 3.3 V Digital I/O pins 22 PWM pins 12 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, A3 - or 18 -, A4 -or 19) UART 1 SPI 1 I²C 1 Analog input pins 7 (ADC 8/10/12 bit) Analog output pins 1 (DAC 10 bit) External interrupts 10 (0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, A1 -or 16-, A2 - or 17) DC current per I/O pin 7 mA Flash memory 256 KB Flash memory for bootloader 8 KB SRAM 32 KB EEPROM No Clock speed 32.768 kHz (RTC), 48 MHz LED_BUILTIN 32 Downloads Datasheet Eagle Files Schematics Fritzing Pinout

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Arduino MKR NB 1500 allows you to build your next smart project. Ever wanted an automated house? Or a smart garden? Well, now it’s easy with the Arduino IoT Cloud compatible boards. It means: you can connect devices, visualize data, control and share your projects from anywhere in the world. Whether you’re a beginner or a pro, we have a wide range of plans to make sure you get the features you need. Add Narrowband communication to your project with the MKR NB 1500. It's the perfect choice for devices in remote locations without an Internet connection, or in situations in which power isn't available like on-field deployments, remote metering systems, solar-powered devices, or other extreme scenarios. The board's main processor is a low power ARM Cortex-M0 32-bit SAMD21, like in the other boards within the Arduino MKR family. The Narrowband connectivity is performed with a module from u-blox, the SARA-R410M-02B, a low power chipset operating in the de different bands of the IoT LTE cellular range. On top of those, secure communication is ensured through the Microchip ECC508 crypto chip. Besides that, the pcb includes a battery charger, and a connector for an external antenna. This board is designed for global use, providing connectivity on LTE's Cat M1/NB1 bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28. Operators offering service in that part of the spectrum include: Vodafone, AT&T, T-Mobile USA, Telstra, and Verizon, among others. Specifications The Arduino MKR NB 1500 is based on the SAMD21 microcontroller. Microcontroller SAMD21 Cortex-M0+ 32-bit low power ARM MCU (datasheet) Radio module u-blox SARA-R410M-02B (datasheet summary) Secure element ATECC508 (datasheet) Board power supply (USB/VIN) 5 V Supported battery Li-Po Single Cell, 3.7 V, 1500 mAh Minimum Circuit operating voltage 3.3 V Digital I/O pins 8 PWM pins 13 (0 .. 8, 10, 12, 18 / A3, 19 / A4) UART 1 SPI 1 I²C 1 Analog input pins 7 (ADC 8/10/12 bit) Analog output pins 1 (DAC 10 bit) External interrupts 8 (0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 16 / A1, 17 / A2) DC current per I/O pin 7 mA Flash memory 256 KB (internal) SRAM 32 KB EEPROM No Clock speed 32.768 kHz (RTC), 48 MHz LED_BUILTIN 6 USB Full-speed USB device and embedded host Antenna gain 2 dB Carrier frequency LTE bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28 Power class (radio) LTE Cat M1 / NB1: Class 3 (23 dBm) Data rate (LTE M1 halp-duplex) UL 375 kbps / DL 300 kbps Data rate (LTE NB1 full-duplex) UL 62.5 kbps / DL 27.2 kbps Working region Multiregion Device location GNSS via modem Power consumption (LTE M1) min 100 mA / max 190 mA Power consumption (LTE NB1) min 60 mA / max 140 mA SIM card MicroSIM (not included with the board) Dimensions 67.6 x 25 mm Weight 32 g Downloads Eagle Files Schematics Pinout

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This USB Stick contains more than 300 Arduino-related articles published in Elektor Magazine. The content includes both background articles and projects on the following topics: Software & hardware development: Tutorials on Arduino software development using Arduino IDE, Atmel Studio, Shields, and essential programming concepts. Learning: The Microcontroller Bootcamp offers a structured approach to programming embedded systems. Data acquisition & measurement: Projects such as a 16-bit data logger, lathe tachometer, and an AC grid analyzer for capturing and analyzing real-time signals. Wireless communication: Learn how to implement wireless networks, create an Android interface, and communicate effectively with microcontrollers. Robotics and automation: This covers the Arduino Nano Robot Controller, supporting boards for automation, and explores various Arduino shields to enhance functionality. Self-build projects: Unique projects such as laser projection, Numitron clock and thermometer, ELF receiver, Theremino, and touch LED interfaces highlight creative applications. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced maker, this collection is a valuable resource for learning, experimenting, and pushing the boundaries of Arduino technology.

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The MKR IoT Carrier comes equipped with 5 RGB LEDs, 5 capacitive touch buttons, a colored display, IMU and a variety of quality sensors. It also features a battery holder for a 18650 Li-Ion battery, SD card holder and Grove connectors. Data Capture: Map the environment around the carrier using the integrated temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors and collect data about movement using the 6 axis IMU and light, gesture, and proximity sensors. Easily add more external sensors to capture more data from more sources via the on-board Grove connectors (x3). Data Storage: Capture and store all the data locally on an SD card, or connect to the Arduino IoT Cloud for real-time data capture, storage, and visualization. Data Visualisation: Locally view real-time sensor readings on the built-in OLED Color Display and create visual or sound prompts using the embedded LEDs and buzzer. Total Control: Directly control small-voltage electronic appliances using the onboard relays and the five tactile buttons, with the integrated display providing a handy on-device interface for immediate control.

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The Portenta C33 is a powerful System-on-Module designed for low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Based on the R7FA6M5BH2CBG microcontroller from Renesas, this board shares the same form factor as the Portenta H7 and it is backward compatible with it, making it fully compatible with all Portenta family shields and carriers through its high-density connectors. As a low-cost device, the Portenta C33 is an excellent choice for developers looking to create IoT devices and applications on a budget. Whether you're building a smart home device or a connected industrial sensor, the Portenta C33 provides the processing power and connectivity options you need to get the job done. Quickly deploying AI-powered projects becomes quick and easy with Portenta C33, by leveraging a vast array of ready-to-use software libraries and Arduino sketches available, as well as widgets that display data in real time on Arduino IoT Cloud-based dashboards. Features Ideal for low-cost IoT applications with Wi-Fi/Bluetooth LE connectivity Supports MicroPython and other high-level programming languages Offers industrial-grade security at the hardware level and secure OTA firmware updates Leverages ready-to-use software libraries and Arduino sketches Perfect to monitor and display real-time data on Arduino IoT Cloud widget-based dashboards Compatible with Arduino Portenta and MKR families Features castellated pins for automatic assembly lines Cost Effective Performance Reliable, secure and with computational power worthy of its range, Portenta C33 was designed to provide big and small companies in every field with the opportunity to access IoT and benefit from higher efficiency levels and automation. Applications Portenta C33 brings more applications than ever within users’ reach, from enabling quick plug-and-play prototyping to providing a cost-effective solution for industrial-scale projects. Industrial IoT gateway Machine monitoring to track OEE/OPE Inline quality control and assurance Energy consumption monitoring Appliances control system Ready-to-use IoT prototyping solution Specifications Microcontroller Renesas R7FA6M5BH2CBG ARM Cortex-M33: ARM Cortex-M33 core up to 200 MHz 512 kB onboard SRAM 2 MB onboard Flash Arm TrustZone Secure Crypto Engine 9 External Memories 16 MB QSPI Flash USB-C USB-C High Speed Connectivity 100 MB Ethernet interface (PHY) Wi-Fi Bluetooth Low Energy Interfaces CAN SD Card ADC GPIO SPI I²S I²C JTAG/SWD Security NXP SE050C2 Secure Element Operating Temperatures -40 to +85°C (-40 to 185°F) Dimensions 66,04 x 25,40 mm Downloads Datasheet Schematics

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An 8-in-1 test & measurement instrument for the electronics workbench A well-equipped electronics lab is crammed with power supplies, measuring devices, test equipment and signal generators. Wouldn‘t it be better to have one compact device for almost all tasks? Based on the Arduino, a PC interface is to be developed that’s as versatile as possible for measurement and control. It simply hangs on a USB cable and – depending on the software – forms the measuring head of a digital voltmeter or PC oscilloscope, a signal generator, an adjustable voltage source, a frequency counter, an ohmmeter, a capacitance meter, a characteristic curve recorder, and much more. The circuits and methods collected here are not only relevant for exactly these tasks in the "MSR" electronics lab, but many details can also be used within completely different contexts. Errata/Updates In the programs printed, all instances of “be()” should read: sei().

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The Nicla Sense ME is a tiny, low-power tool that sets a new standard for intelligent sensing solutions. With the simplicity of integration and scalability of the Arduino ecosystem, the board combines four state-of-the-art sensors from Bosch Sensortec: BHI260AP motion sensor system with integrated AI BMM150 magnetometer BMP390 pressure sensor BME688 4-in-1 gas sensor with AI and integrated high-linearity, as well as high-accuracy pressure, humidity and temperature sensors. The Arduino Nicla Sense ME is the smallest Arduino form factor yet, with a range of industrial grade sensors packed into a tiny footprint. Measure process parameters such as temperature, humidity and movement. Featuring a 9-axis inertial measurement unit and the possibility for Bluetooth Low Energy connectivity, it can help you to create your next Bluetooth Low Energy enabled project. Make your own industrial grade wireless sensing network with the onboard BHI260AP, BMP390, BMM150 and BME688 Bosch sensors. Features Tiny size, packed with features Low power consumption Add sensing capabilities to existing projects When battery-powered, becomes a complete standalone board Powerful processor, capable of hosting intelligence on the Edge Measures motion and environmental parameters Robust hardware including industrial-grade sensors with embedded AI BLE connectivity maximizes compatibility with professional and consumer equipment 24/7 always-on sensor data processing at ultra-low power consumption Specifications BHI260AP – Self-learning AI smart sensor with integrated accelerometer and gyroscope BMP390 – Digital pressure sensor BMM150 – Geomagnetic sensor BME688 – Digital low power gas, pressure, temperature & humidity sensor with AI Microcontroller 64 MHz ARM Cortex-M4 (nRF52832) Sensors I/O Castellated pins with the following features: 1x I²C bus (with ext. ESLOV connector) 1x Serial port 1x SPI 2x ADC, programmable I/O voltage from 1.8-3.3 V Connectivity Bluetooth 4.2 Power Micro USB (USB-B), Pin Header, 3.7 V Li-po battery with Integrated battery charger Memory 512 KB Flash / 64 KB RAM 2 MB SPI Flash for storage 2 MB QSPI dedicated for BHI260AP Interface USB interface with debug functionality Dimensions 22.86 x 22.86 mm Weight 2 g Downloads Datasheet

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