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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Arduino Portenta Machine Control and Arduino Portenta H7A CAN-to-MQTT Gateway Demo Project Unboxing the Elektor LCR Meter with David Cuartielles MicroPython Enters the World of Arduino Connected Projects, SimplifiedDive Into the Arduino Cloud Introduction to TinyMLBig Is Not Always Better Arduino K-Way Writing Arduino Sketches Just Got Better Get to Know Arduino Getting Started with the Portenta X8Manage Software Securely with Containers Build, Deploy, and Maintain Scalable, Secure ApplicationsWith Arduino Portenta X8 Featuring NXP’s i.MX 8M Mini Applications Processor and EdgeLock SE050 Secure Element How I Automated My HomeArduino CEO Fabio Violante Shares Solutions Altair 8800 SimulatorHardware Simulation of a Vintage Computer MS-DOS on the Portenta H7Run Old-School Software on Contemporary Hardware Grow It YourselfA Digitally Controlled, Single-Box Solution for Indoor Farming Save the Planet With Home Automation?MQTT on the Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect Go Professional with Arduino Pro Smart Ovens Take a Leap Into the Future Tagvance Builds Safer Construction Sites with Arduino Santagostino Breathes Easywith Remote Monitoring that Leverages AI for Predictive Maintenance Security Flies High with RIoT Secure’s MKR-Based Solution Open-Source Brings a New Generation of Water Management to the World SensoDetect Deforestation with Sound Analysis The Mozzi Arduino Library for Sound SynthesisInsights from Tim Barrass The New Portenta X8 (with Linux!) and Max Carrier Redefine What’s Possible How Using Arduino Helps Students Build Future Skills Must-Haves for Your Electronics Workspace The Importance of Robotics in Education Dependable IoT Based Upon LoRa Unboxing the Portenta Machine Control 8-Bit Gaming with Arduboy Reducing Water Usage at Horseback Riding TracksAn IoT to Constantly Monitor Soil Humidity and Temperature Levels The Panettone ProjectA sourdough starter management and maintenance system Supporting Arduino Resellers Space Invaders with Arduino Art with ArduinoInspiring Insights from Artists and Designers Arduino Product Catalogue The Future of Arduino

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Make your project dreams come true: an odometer for the hamster wheel, a fully automatic control of your ant farm with web interface, or the Sandwich-O-Mat – a machine that toasts and grills sandwiches of your choice. With the Arduino and the DIY or Maker movement, not only did entry into microcontroller programming become child's play, but a second development also took place: Resourceful developers brought small boards – so-called shields or modules – to the market, which greatly simplified the use of additional hardware. The small modules contain all the important electronic parts to be connected to the microcontroller with a few plug-in cables, eliminating the need for a fiddly and time-consuming assembly on the plug-in board. In addition, it is also possible to handle tiny components that do not have any connecting legs (so-called SMDs). Projects Discussed Arduino seeks connection BMP and introduction to libraries, I²C Learn I/O basics with the multi-purpose shield I²C LCD adapter and DOT matrix displays LCD keypad shield Level converter W5100: Internet connection I/O expansion shield Relays and solid-state relays The multi-function shield: A universal control unit Connecting an SD card reader via SPI Keys and 7-segment displays 16-bit ADC MCP4725 DAC 16-way PWM servo driver MP3 player GPS data logger using an SD card Touch sensor Joystick SHT31: Temperature and humidity VEML6070 UV-A sensor VL53L0X time-of-flight Ultrasonic distance meter MAX7219-based LED DOT matrix display DS3231 RTC Port expander MCP23017 433 MHz radio MPU-650 gyroscope ADXL345 accelerometer WS2812 RGB LEDs Power supply MQ-xx gas sensors CO2 gas sensor ACS712 current sensor INA219 current sensor L298 motor driver MFRC522 RFID 28BYJ-48 stepper motor TMC2209 silent step stick X9C10x digital potentiometer ST7735 in a color TFT display e-Paper display Bluetooth Geiger counter SIM800L GSM module I²C multiplexer Controller Area Network

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Although the Arduino isn’t a novelty any longer, there are still many beginners who want to try programming and development with a microcontroller, and to them, it is all new. All beginnings can be difficult, though they should be light and enjoyable. You do not need much or expensive equipment for the examples. The circuits are built on a small breadboard, and, if necessary, connected to an Arduino Uno, which you can program on a Windows PC. You will find clear examples of how to build all circuits, ensuring easy and error-free reproduction. Projects Discussed Current & Voltage – How it all began Arduino Hardware Arduino Programming The Electrical Circuit Measuring with the Multimeter Circuit Diagrams and Breadboards Creating Circuit Diagrams Breadboard Views with Fritzing Online Circuit Simulation Indispensable: Resistors (Part 1) Hands-on with Resistors (Part 2) Variable Resistors Diodes: One-way Street for Current The Transistor Switch Electromagnetism Relays and Motors op-amps: Operational Amplifiers Capacitors The NE555 Timer PWM and Analogue Values with Arduino 7-Segment Temperature Display Introduction to Soldering and LCDs

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Portenta HAT Carrier is a reliable and robust carrier that transforms Portenta X8 into an industrial single board computer compatible with Raspberry Pi HATs and cameras. It is ideal for multiple industrial applications such as building automation and machine monitoring. Compatible also with Portenta H7 and Portenta C33, Portenta HAT Carrier provides easy access to multiple peripherals – including CAN, Ethernet, microSD and USB – and further extends any Portenta application. It is great for prototyping and ready for scaling up, it extends the features found on a typical Raspberry Pi Model B. Debug quickly with dedicated JTAG pins and keeps heat manageable under intense workloads with a PWM fan connector. Control actuators or read analog sensors via the additional 16x analog I/Os. Add industrial machine vision solutions to any project by leveraging the onboard camera connector. Features Add Raspberry Pi HATs to your Portenta projects Quickly access CAN, USB, and Ethernet peripherals Leverage onboard MicroSD card to log data Enjoy simple debugging through the onboard JTAG pins Easily control actuators and read sensors via 16x analog I/Os Leveraging the onboard camera connector for machine vision Portenta takes you from prototype to high-performance Portenta HAT Carrier offers you a frictionless Linux prototyping experience and unlocks the ability for integrated real-time MCU solutions. Portenta HAT Carrier extends Portenta SOMs for faster, easier and more efficient testing for your ideas while also ensuring the capabilities and industrial-grade performances the Portenta range is known for. Extend the Raspberry Pi ecosystem for commercial applications Combine the ease of use, accessibility and incredible support from both the Arduino and Raspberry Pi communities for your next project with the carrier designed to combine and extend MPU and MCU applications for the development of advanced commercial solutions. Specifications Connectors High-density connectors compatible with Portenta products 1x USB-A female connector 1x Gigabit Ethernet connector (RJ45) 1x CAN FD with onboard transceiver 1x MIPI Camera connector 1x MicroSD card slot 1x PWM fan connector 40-pin header connector allowing compatibility with Raspberry Pi HATs 16-pin analog header connectors, including: 8x analog inputs 1x GPIO 1xUART without flow control 2x PWM pins 1x LICELL pin for Portenta's RTC power Interfaces CAN FD UART SAI ANALOG GPIO SPI I²C I²S PWM Debugging Onboard 10x pin 1.27 mm JTAG connector Power From onboard screw terminal block allowing: 7-32 V power supply, powering both the carrier and the connected Portenta 5 V power supply From USB-C on Portenta From 5 V on 40-pin header connector Dimensions 85 x 56 mm Downloads Datasheet Schematics

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The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328 (Arduino Nano 3.x). It has more or less the same functionality of the Arduino Duemilanove but in a different package. It lacks only a DC power jack and works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one. Specifications Microcontroller ATmega328 Operating Voltage (logic level) 5 V Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12 V Input Voltage (limits) 6-20 V Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) Analog Input Pins 8 DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA Flash Memory 16 KB (ATmega168) or 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 2 KB used by bootloader SRAM 1 KB (ATmega168) or 2 KB (ATmega328) EEPROM 512 bytes (ATmega168) or 1 KB (ATmega328) Clock Speed 16 MHz Dimensions 0.73 x 1.70' (18 x 45 mm) Power The Arduino Nano can be powered via the Mini-B USB connection, 6-20 V unregulated external power supply (pin 30), or 5 V regulated external power supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically selected to the highest voltage source. Memory The ATmega168 has 16 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 2 KB is used for the bootloader), 1 KB of SRAM and 512 bytes of EEPROM The ATmega328 has 32 KB of flash memory for storing code, (also with 2 KB used for the bootloader), 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM. Input and Output Each of the 14 digital pins on the Nano can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 V. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. Communication The Arduino Nano has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega168 and ATmega328 provide UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An FTDI FT232RL on the board channels this serial communication over USB and the FTDI drivers (included with the Arduino software) provide a virtual com port to software on the computer. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the FTDI chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Nano's digital pins. Programming The Arduino Nano can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). The ATmega168 or ATmega328 on the Arduino Nano comes with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files). You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header using Arduino ISP or similar; see these instructions for details. Automatic (Software) Reset Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Nano is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of theFT232RL is connected to the reset line of the ATmega168 or ATmega328 via a 100 nF capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload.

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Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. You can tinker with your Uno without worring too much about doing something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again. 'Uno' means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current, past or outdated boards see the Arduino index of boards. Specifications Microcontroller ATmega328P Operating Voltage 5 V Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12 V Input Voltage (limit) 6-20 V Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) PWM Digital I/O Pins 6 Analog Input Pins 6 DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA DC Current for 3.3 V Pin 50 mA Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328P) EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328P) Clock Speed 16 MHz LED_BUILTIN 13 Dimensions 68.6 x 53.4 mm Weight 25 g

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Grove is an open-source, modulated, and ready-to-use toolset and takes a building block approach to assemble electronics. This Kit includes a Base Shield to which the various Grove modules can be connected both individually, or together in various combinations to create fun and exciting projects. All of the modules use a Grove connector, which connects each of the components to a Base Shield in just a few seconds. The Base Shield can then be mounted onto an Arduino UNO board and can be programmed using the Arduino IDE. Instructions for connecting and programming the different modules are also included in this kit. This kit was elaborated in collaboration with Seeed Studio and provides the Arduino community with the opportunity to build projects with minimal effort of both wiring and coding. This kit acts as a bridge to the world of Grove and provides a flexible way for Makers to extend their projects to include other complex Grove modules. The Kit comes includes access to an online platform with all the instructions required to plug, sketch and play with the different Grove Modules. Please note: This kit does not include the Arduino Uno board. Included 1 Base Shield that is designed to fit on top of an Arduino UNO board. It comes equipped with 16 grove connectors, which, when placed on top of the UNO, provides the functionality to various pins. It includes: 7x digital connections 4x analog connections 4x I²C connections 1x UART connection 10 Grove modules included can be connected to the base shield, either through the digital, analog, or I2C connectors on the shield. Let's take a quick look at them: The LED - a simple LED that can be turned ON or OFF, or dimmed. The button - pushbutton can either be in a HIGH or LOW state. The potentiometer - a variable resistor that increases or decreases resistance when turning its knob. The buzzer - a piezo speaker that is used to produce binary sounds. The light sensor - a photoresistor that reads light intensity. The sound sensor - a tiny microphone that measures sound vibrations. The air pressure sensor - reads air pressure, using the I²C protocol. The temperature sensor - reads temperature and humidity at the same time. The accelerometer - a sensor used for orientation, used for detecting movement. The OLED screen - a screen that values or messages can be printed to. 6 Grove cables allow you to easily connect the modules to the Base Shield without any soldering required. The Arduino Sensor Kit Library is a wrapper that contains links to other libraries related to certain modules such as the accelerometer, air pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and OLED display. This library provides easy-to-use APIs that will help you build a clear mental model of the concepts you will be using.

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The Arduino Nano ESP32 (with and without headers) is a Nano form factor board based on the ESP32-S3 (embedded in the NORA-W106-10B from u-blox). This is the first Arduino board to be based fully on an ESP32, and features Wi-Fi, Bluetooth LE, debugging via native USB in the Arduino IDE as well as low power. The Nano ESP32 is compatible with the Arduino IoT Cloud, and has support for MicroPython. It is an ideal board for getting started with IoT development. Features Tiny footprint: Designed with the well-known Nano form factor in mind, this board's compact size makes it perfect for embedding in standalone projects. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth: Harness the power of the ESP32-S3 microcontroller, well-known in the IoT realm, with full Arduino support for wireless and Bluetooth connectivity. Arduino and MicroPython support: Seamlessly switch between Arduino and MicroPython programming with a few simple steps. Arduino IoT Cloud compatible: Quickly and easily create IoT projects with just a few lines of code. The setup takes care of security, allowing you to monitor and control your project from anywhere using the Arduino IoT Cloud app. HID support: Simulate human interface devices, such as keyboards or mice, over USB, opening up new possibilities for interacting with your computer. Specifications Microcontroller u-blox NORA-W106 (ESP32-S3) USB connector USB-C Pins Built-in LED pins 13 Built-in RGB LED pins 14-16 Digital I/O pins 14 Analog input pins 8 PWM pins 5 External interrupts All digital pins Connectivity Wi-Fi u-blox NORA-W106 (ESP32-S3) Bluetooth u-blox NORA-W106 (ESP32-S3) Communication UART 2x I²C 1x, A4 (SDA), A5 (SCL) SPI D11 (COPI), D12 (CIPO), D13 (SCK). Use any GPIO for Chip Select (CS) Power I/O Voltage 3.3 V Input voltage (nominal) 6-21 V Source Current per I/O pin 40 mA Sink Current per I/O pin 28 mA Clock speed Processor Up to 240 MHz Memory ROM 384 kB SRAM 512 kB External Flash 128 Mbit (16 MB) Dimensions 18 x 45 mm Downloads Datasheet Schematics

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The board contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a micro-USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Due is compatible with all Arduino shields that work at 3.3V and are compliant with the 1.0 Arduino pinout. The Due follows the 1.0 pinout: TWI: SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin. IOREF: allows an attached shield with the proper configuration to adapt to the voltage provided by the board. This enables shield compatibility with a 3.3V board like the Due and AVR-based boards which operate at 5V. An unconnected pin, reserved for future use. Specifications Operating Voltage 3.3 V Input Voltage 7-12 V Digital I/O 54 Analog Input Pins 12 Analog Output Pins 2 (DAC) Total DC Output Current on all I/O Lines 130 mA DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA DC Current for 3.3 V Pin 800 mA DC Current for 5 V Pin 800 mA Flash Memory 512 KB all available for the user applications SRAM 96 KB Clock Speed 84 MHz Length 101.52 mm Width 53.3 mm Weight 36 g Please note: Unlike most Arduino boards, the Arduino Due board runs at 3.3V. The maximum voltage that the I/O pins can tolerate is 3.3V. Applying voltages higher than 3.3V to any I/O pin could damage the board.

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The Arduino Student Kit is a hands-on, step-by-step remote learning tool for ages 11+: get started with the basics of electronics, programming, and coding at home. No prior knowledge or experience is necessary as the kit guides you through step by step. Educators can teach their class remotely using the kits, and parents can use the kit as a homeschool tool for their child to learn at their own pace. Everyone will gain confidence in programming and electronics with guided lessons and open experimentation. Learn the basics of programming, coding and electronics including current, voltage, and digital logic. No prior knowledge or experience is necessary as the kit guides you through step by step. You’ll get all the hardware and software you need for one person, making it ideal to use for remote teaching, homeschooling, and for self-learning. There are step-by-step lessons, exercises, and for a complete and in-depth experience, there’s also extra content including invention spotlights, concepts, and interesting facts about electronics, technology, and programming. Lessons and projects can be paced according to individual abilities, allowing them to learn from home at their own level. The kit can also be integrated into different subjects such as physics, chemistry, and even history. In fact, there’s enough content for an entire semester. How educators can use the kit for remote teaching The online platform contains all the content you need to teach remotely: exclusive learning guidance content, tips for remote learning, nine 90-minute lessons, and two open-ended projects. Each lesson builds off the previous one, providing a further opportunity to apply the skills and concepts students have already learned. They also get a logbook to complete as they work through the lessons. The beginning of each lesson provides an overview, estimated completion times, and learning objectives. Throughout each lesson, there are tips and information that will help to make the learning experience easier. Key answers and extension ideas are also provided. How the kit helps parents homeschool their children This is your hands-on, step-by-step remote learning tool that will help your child learn the basics of programming, coding, and electronics at home. As a parent, you don’t need any prior knowledge or experience as you are guided through step-by-step. The kit is linked directly into the curriculum so you can be confident that your children are learning what they should be, and it provides the opportunity for them to become confident in programming and electronics. You’ll also be helping them learn vital skills such as critical thinking and problem-solving. Self-learning with the Arduino Student Kit Students can use this kit to teach themselves the basics of electronics, programming, and coding. As all the lessons follow step-by-step instructions, it’s easy for them to work their way through and learn on their own. They can work at their own pace, have fun with all the real-world projects, and increase their confidence as they go. They don’t need any previous knowledge as everything is clearly explained, coding is pre-written, and there’s a vocabulary of concepts to refer to. The Arduino Student Kit comes with several parts and components that will be used to build circuits while completing the lessons and projects throughout the course. Included in the kit Access code to exclusive online content including learning guidance notes, step-by-step lessons and extra materials such as resources, invention spotlights and a digital logbook with solutions. 1x Arduino Uno 1x USB cable 1x Board mounting base 1x Multimeter 1x 9 V battery snap 1x 9 V battery 20x LEDs (5x red, 5x green, 5x yellow & 5x blue ) 5x Resistors 560 Ω 5x Resistors 220 Ω 1x Breadboard 400 points 1x Resistor 1 kΩ 1x Resistor 10 kΩ 1x Small Servo motor 2x Potentiometers 10 kΩ 2x Knob potentiometers 2x Capacitors 100 uF Solid core jumper wires 5x Pushbuttons 1x Phototransistor 2x Resistors 4.7 kΩ 1x Jumper wire black 1x Jumper wire red 1x Temperature sensor 1x Piezo 1x Jumper wire female to male red 1x Jumper wire female to male black 3x Nuts and Bolts

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The Arduino MKR Zero is a development board for music makers! With an SD card holder and dedicated SPI interfaces (SPI1), you are able to play music files without extra hardware. The MKR Zero brings you the power of a Zero in the smaller format established by the MKR form factor. The MKR Zero board acts as a great educational tool for learning about 32-bit application development. It has an on-board SD connector with dedicated SPI interfaces (SPI1) that allows you to play with MUSIC files with no extra hardware! The board is powered by Atmel’s SAMD21 MCU, which features a 32-bit ARM Cortex M0+ core. The board contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a micro-USB cable or power it by a LiPo battery. The battery voltage can also be monitored since a connection between the battery and the analog converter of the board exists. Specifications Microcontroller SAMD21 ARM Cortex-M0+ 32-bit low power Board power supply (USB/VIN) 5 V Supported battery Li-Po single cell, 3.7 V, 700 mAh minimum DC current for 3.3 V pin 600 mA DC current for 5 V pin 600 mA Circuit operating voltage 3.3 V Digital I/O pins 22 PWM pins 12 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, A3 - or 18 -, A4 -or 19) UART 1 SPI 1 I²C 1 Analog input pins 7 (ADC 8/10/12 bit) Analog output pins 1 (DAC 10 bit) External interrupts 10 (0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, A1 -or 16-, A2 - or 17) DC current per I/O pin 7 mA Flash memory 256 KB Flash memory for bootloader 8 KB SRAM 32 KB EEPROM No Clock speed 32.768 kHz (RTC), 48 MHz LED_BUILTIN 32 Downloads Datasheet Eagle Files Schematics Fritzing Pinout

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This versatile plotter robot arm DIY kit for Arduino is equipped with MG90S metal gear servo motors to ensure precise and stable drawing movements. Features Fully compatible with Arduino IDE, includes complete source code for easy development and customization. Equipped with robust MG90S metal gear servo motors for accuracy and durability. Includes a Bluetooth module enabling wireless operation via a dedicated app. Specially designed robotic arm tip securely holds pens or markers with a diameter of 8-10 mm, ideal for sketches and detailed drawings. Included Arduino-compatible Nano motherboard Nano expansion board Bluetooth module MG90S all-metal gear servo motors Aluminum structural frame Thickened stable base plate Screw and fastening accessories Connecting wires USB data cable

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