Functionality, structure and handling of a power module
For readers with first steps in power management the “Abc of Power Modules” contains the basic principles necessary for the selection and use of a power module. The book describes the technical relationships and parameters related to power modules and the basis for calculation and measurement techniques.
Contents
Basics
This chapter describes the need of a DC/DC voltage converter and its basic functionality. Furthermore, various possibilities for realizing a voltage regulator are presented and the essential advantages of a power module are mentioned.
Circuit topologies
Circuit concepts, buck and boost topologies very frequently used with power modules are explained in detail and further circuit topologies are introduced.
Technology, construction and regulation technology
The mechanical construction of a power module is presented, which has a significant influence on EMC and thermal performance. Furthermore, control methods are explained and circuit design tips are provided in this chapter.
Measuring methods
Meaningful measurement results are absolutely necessary to assess a power module. The relevant measurement points and measurement methods are described in this chapter.
Handling
The aspects of storage and handling of power modules are explained, as well as their manufacturing and soldering processes.
Selection of a power modules
Important parameters and criteria for the optimal selection of a power module are presented in this section.
This Wi-Fi module is based on the popular ESP8266 chip. The module is FCC and CE certified and RoHS compliant.
Fully compatible with ESP-12E. 13 GPIO pins, 1 analog input, 4 MB flash memory.
This Crowtail series 4G module is a high-performance LTE Cat1 wireless module. It uses the SIM A7670E communication module from Simcom and communicates through a UART interface, which enables 4G data transmission and voice communication. The module supports multiple LTE bands, including B1/B3/B5/B7/B8/B20, as well as WCDMA and GSM networks. In addition, it supports various protocols such as TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP, and multiple satellite navigation systems such as GPS, GLONASS, and BDS.
The module comes with a charging interface and can be powered by a 3.7 V lithium battery or a 5 V USB-C interface. It also has a 3.5 mm headphone jack, and by connecting a headphone with a microphone, it can be used for making and receiving phone calls. Its compact size makes it easy to integrate into various IoT devices and meet various application requirements. Furthermore, its low power consumption and reliable performance are also the reasons why it is widely used in IoT, smart home, automotive, and industrial control fields.
Features
Integrate the A7670E communication module, enabling 4G data transmission and voice communication with low power consumption and high reliability
Supports multiple LTE bands, including B1/B3/B5/B7/B8/B20, as well as WCDMA and GSM networks
Supports various protocols such as TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP, and multiple satellite navigation systems such as GPS, GLONASS, and BDS
Comes with a charging interface and a headphone jack, which can be used for making and receiving phone calls by connecting a headphone with a microphone
Small but powerful, compact size makes it easy to integrate into various IoT devices.
Specifications
Main Chip: SIM A7670E
LTE-FDD: B1/B3/B5/B7/B8/B20
GSM: 900/1800 MHz
GSM/GPRS power class
EGSM900: 4 (33 dBm ±2 dB)
DCS1800: 1 (30 dBm ±2 dB)
EDGE power class:
EGSM900: E2 (27 dBm ±3 dB)
DCS1800 : E1 (26 dBm +3 dB/-4 dB)
LTE power class: 3 (23 dBm ±7 dB)
Supply Voltage: 4 V ~ 4.2 V
Power: 3.8 V
LTE(Mbps): 10 (DL)/5 (UL)
GPRS/EDGE(Kbps): 236.8 (DL)/236.8 (UL)
Protocol: TCP/IP/IPV4/IPV6/Multi-PDP/FTP/FTPS /HTTP/HTTPS/DNS
Communication interface: USB / UART
Firmware Upgrade: USB/FOTA
Support phonebook types: SM/FD/ON/AP/SDN
Interfaces: 1x Power button, 1x BAT, 1x UART, 1x USB-C, 1x SIM Card slot
Dimensions: 35 x 50 mm
Included
1x Crowtail-4G SIM-A7670E
1x 4G GSM NB-IoT Antenna
1x GPS ceramic antenna
Downloads
Wiki
A7670 AT Command Manual
A7670 Datasheet
Source Code
Whatever the methods or even then financial means you have to make your circuits work, the power supply should rank high if not Number One in your considerations. The design block simply called “power supply” is hugely underrated both in electronics creation and repair. Yet, the “PSU” has enormous diversity and comes in wildly differing guises like AC/DC, generator, battery (rechargeable or not), PV panel, benchtop, linear or switch-mode, to mention but a few. The output ranges are also staggering like nano-amps to kiloamps and the same for voltages.This special covers the features and design aspects of power supplies.ContentsBasics
Battery ManagementWhat to be aware of when using (Lithium) batteries.
Fixed-Voltage Power Supply using Linear RegulatorsThe best result right after batteries.
Light Energy HarvestingA small solar panel is used in an energy harvesting project to manage and charge four AAA cells.
Mains Powered Adapter DesignBasic circuits and tips for transformers, rectification, filtering and stabilization.
LM317 Soft StartThe high inrush current pulse should be avoided.
Controllable RectifiersSome suggestions to keep the power loss in the linear regulator as low as possible.
Components
Worksheet: The LM117 / LM217 / LM317 Voltage Regulators
SupercapsLow voltage but lots of current… or not?
Reviews
JOY-iT RD6006 Benchtop Power Supply Kit
Siglent SDL1020X Programmable DC Electronic Load
Projects
Balcony Power PlantDIY solar balcony = speedy payback!
DIY LiPo Supercharger KitFrom handcrafted to mass market
Dual-Anode MOSFET ThyristorFaster and less wasteful than the old SCR
Battery JuicerDo not throw away, squeeze!
High-Voltage Power Supply with Curve TracerGenerate voltages up to 400 V and trace characteristics curves for valves and transistors
High Voltage Supply for RIAAFor RIAA tube preamps and other applications.
MicroSupplyA lab power supply for connected devices
Phantom Power Supply using Switched CapacitorsVoltage tripler using three ICs
The SMPS800RE Switch-Mode Supply for the Elektor Fortissimo-100Reliable, light and affordable
Soft Start for PSUBe nice to your power supply – and its load
UniLab 20-30 V, 3 A compact switch-mode lab power supply
Tips
Soft Start for Step-Down Switching Regulators
Low Loss Current Limit
Powerbank Surprise
A Virtual Ground
Battery Maintainer
Battery Pack Discharger
Connecting Voltage Regulators in Parallel
With a capacity of 15,000 mAh, the Unitree Go2 battery provides a robust power source that enables your robot to complete tasks with ease. Whether for complex exploration, research projects, or fun excursions, this powerful battery delivers the energy your robot needs.
The runtime of the Unitree Go2 battery varies depending on the application and usage. Based on the functions and activities employed, the battery can offer between 2 to 4 hours of operation. This flexibility allows you to customize the robot as needed, enabling longer exploration missions or more extensive projects.
The Unitree Go2 battery is a reliable companion for your robotics adventures. With its impressive capacity and adaptable runtime, it ensures your robot performs powerfully and with endurance, without frequent recharging.
Whether you need the Unitree Go2 battery as a replacement or an upgrade for your robot, this powerful energy storage solution provides the perfect balance of performance and reliability.
Specifications
Rated voltage: DC 28.8 V
Limited charging voltage: DC 33.6 V
Charging current: 9 A
Rated capacity: 15,000 mAh, 432 Wh
Standard: IS 16046 (Part 2) / IEC 62133-2
Self-developed battery management system (BMS)
Dimensions: 120 x 80 x 182 mm
Functions:
Power indicator
Self-discharge protection of battery storage
Equilibrium charge protection
Overcharge protection
Discharge protection
Short circuit protection
Battery charge detection protection
The FNIRSI HRM-10 is a portable, high-precision battery internal resistance and voltage tester. This device offers true four-wire measurement and is designed for both accuracy and ease of use. It automatically measures internal resistance and voltage values simultaneously, displaying the results on its HD color screen. Users have the option to manually adjust voltage and resistance ranges to suit their needs. The device also includes a sorting mode that automatically filters the good and bad batteries based on user-set thresholds. Additionally, it supports the storage of historical data and allows for exporting measurement records in table format.
Features
High Measurement Accuracy
Tabular Data Export
Auto-Evaluate Measurement Results
8 Threshold Settings
HD Color Screen
Folding Stand
1000 mAh Lithium Battery
Specifications
Voltage
Resistance
Measuring range
0-100 V (DC)
0-200 Ω
Accuracy
±0.5%
±0.5%
Gear
Automatic, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V
Automatic, 20 mΩ, 200 mΩ, 2 Ω, 20 Ω, 200 Ω
Instrument test signal frequency
1 Khz (AC)
Rechargeable
USB-C (5 V/1 A)
Built-in battery
1000 mAh lithium battery
User calibration
Yes
Sorting mode
Yes
History record
Yes
Recorded data export
Yes
Working environment
–10°C to +45°C, relative humidity <80%
Storage environment
–20°C to +80°C, relative humidity <80%
Dimensions
158.7 x 80.5 x 28.4 mm
Weight
225 g
Included
1x FNIRSI HRM-10 Internal Resistance Tester
1x Clip Test Line
1x USB-C data cable
1x Manual
Downloads
Manual
Firmware V0.3
The QAV250 Kit is the perfect way to get started developing on either PX4 or Ardupilot. It pairs a carbon fiber 250 racing frame and essential electronics with Pixhawk 6C mini autopilot. The kit is easy to assemble. No soldering needed. Specifications Micro Power Module (PM06 v2) Motors: 2207 KV1950 Wheelbase: 250 mm Dimensions: 198 x 235 x 70 mm Weight: 347 g Included Carbon fiber 250 airframe with hardware Micro Power Module (PM06 v2) Motors: 2207 KV1950 5' Plastic Props Fully assembled Power Management Board with ESCs (BLHeli S ESC 20A) Battery Straps Note: LiPo battery is not included.
,
by Clemens Valens
Unveiling the Precision of the Fnirsi HRM-10 Battery Resistance Tester
As the world shifts towards battery-powered devices, the demand for tools to test and repair these batteries is skyrocketing. After previously reviewing the Fnirsi SWM-10...
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by Clemens Valens
Fix Battery Packs Like a Pro: Fnirsi SWM-10 Portable Spot Welder Review
In an era dominated by cordless tools, electric bikes, and various battery-powered devices, the ability to repair battery packs has become increasingly important. Spot welding,...
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by Saad Imtiaz
SparkFun Thing Plus Matter (MGM240P): A Versatile Matter-Based IoT Development Board (Review)
The SparkFun Thing Plus Matter (MGM240P) is a versatile and feature-rich development board designed for creating Matter-based IoT devices. Matter, formerly known as Project CHIP...
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by Clemens Valens
Trying Out the Joy-it JT-PS1440-C 1.5 kW Power Supply (Review)
In today's high-powered world of e-bikes, electric scooters, and various other electronic vehicles, robust and adaptable power supplies are indispensable for motor testing and battery...