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The Arduino Uno R4 is powered by the Renesas RA4M1 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 processor, providing a significant boost in processing power, memory, and functionality. The WiFi version comes with an ESP32-S3 WiFi module in addition to the RA4M1, expanding creative opportunities for makers and engineers. The Uno R4 Minima is an affordable option for those who don't need the additional features. The Arduino Uno R4 runs at 48 MHz, which provides a 3x increase over the popular Uno R3. Additionally, SRAM has been upgraded from 2 kB to 32 kB, and flash memory from 32 kB to 256 kB to support more complex projects. Responding to community feedback, the USB port is now USB-C, and the maximum power supply voltage has been raised to 24 V with an enhanced thermal design. The board includes a CAN bus and an SPI port, enabling users to reduce wiring and perform parallel tasks by connecting multiple shields. A 12-bit analog DAC is also provided on the board. The Arduino Uno R4 comes in 2 versions (Minima and WiFi) and offers the following new features compared to the Uno R3: Arduino Uno R4 Minima Arduino Uno R4 WiFi USB-C connector USB-C connector RA4M1 from Renesas (Cortex-M4) RA4M1 from Renesas (Cortex-M4) HID device (emulate a mouse or a keyboard) HID device (emulate a mouse or a keyboard) Improved power section (up to 24 V through VIN) Improved power section (up to 24 V through VIN) CAN bus CAN bus DAC (12 bits) DAC (12 bits) Op amp Op amp WiFi/Bluetooth LE Fully-addressable LED matrix (12x8) Qwiic I²C connector RTC (with support for a buffer battery) Runtime errors diagnostics Model Comparison Uno R3 Uno R4 Minima Uno R4 WiFi Microcontroller Microchip ATmega328P (8-bit AVR RISC) Renesas RA4M1 (32-bit ARM Cortex-M4) Renesas RA4M1 (32-bit ARM Cortex-M4) Operating Voltage 5 V 5 V 5 V Input Voltage 6-20 V 6-24 V 6-24 V Digital I/O Pins 14 14 14 PWM Digital I/O Pins 6 6 6 Analog Input Pins 6 6 6 DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA 8 mA 8 mA Clock Speed 16 MHz 48 Mhz 48 Mhz Flash Memory 32 KB 256 KB 256 KB SRAM 2 KB 32 KB 32 KB USB USB-B USB-C USB-C DAC (12 bit) – 1 1 SPI 1 2 2 I²C 1 2 2 CAN – 1 1 Op amp – 1 1 SWD – 1 1 RTC – – 1 Qwiic I²C connector – – 1 LED Matrix – – 12x8 (96 red LEDs) LED_BUILTIN 13 13 13 Dimensions 68.6 x 53.4 mm 68.9 x 53.4 mm 68.9 x 53.4 mm Downloads Datasheet Schematics

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Programming and Projects for the Minima and WiFi Based on the low-cost 8-bit ATmega328P processor, the Arduino Uno R3 board is likely to score as the most popular Arduino family member so far, and this workhorse has been with us for many years. Recently, the new Arduino Uno R4 was released, based on a 48-MHz, 32-bit Cortex-M4 processor with a huge amount of SRAM and flash memory. Additionally, a higher-precision ADC and a new DAC are added to the design. The new board also supports the CAN Bus with an interface. Two versions of the board are available: Uno R4 Minima, and Uno R4 WiFi. This book is about using these new boards to develop many different and interesting projects with just a handful of parts and external modules, which are available as a kit from Elektor. All projects described in the book have been fully tested on the Uno R4 Minima or the Uno R4 WiFi board, as appropriate. The project topics include the reading, control, and driving of many components and modules in the kit as well as on the relevant Uno R4 board, including LEDs 7-segment displays (using timer interrupts) LCDs Sensors RFID Reader 4×4 Keypad Real-time clock (RTC) Joystick 8×8 LED matrix Motors DAC (Digital-to-analog converter) LED matrix WiFi connectivity Serial UART CAN bus Infrared controller and receiver Simulators … all in creative and educational ways with the project operation and associated software explained in great detail.

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Programming and Projects for the Minima and WiFi Based on the low-cost 8-bit ATmega328P processor, the Arduino Uno R3 board is likely to score as the most popular Arduino family member so far, and this workhorse has been with us for many years. Recently, the new Arduino Uno R4 was released, based on a 48-MHz, 32-bit Cortex-M4 processor with a huge amount of SRAM and flash memory. Additionally, a higher-precision ADC and a new DAC are added to the design. The new board also supports the CAN Bus with an interface. Two versions of the board are available: Uno R4 Minima, and Uno R4 WiFi. This book is about using these new boards to develop many different and interesting projects with just a handful of parts and external modules, which are available as a kit from Elektor. All projects described in the book have been fully tested on the Uno R4 Minima or the Uno R4 WiFi board, as appropriate. The project topics include the reading, control, and driving of many components and modules in the kit as well as on the relevant Uno R4 board, including LEDs 7-segment displays (using timer interrupts) LCDs Sensors RFID Reader 4×4 Keypad Real-time clock (RTC) Joystick 8×8 LED matrix Motors DAC (Digital-to-analog converter) LED matrix WiFi connectivity Serial UART CAN bus Infrared controller and receiver Simulators … all in creative and educational ways with the project operation and associated software explained in great detail.

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Pull Down Lever For Highest Score! This Elektor Circuit Classic from 1984 shows a playful application of CMOS 400x series logic ICs in combination with LEDs, a highly popular combination at the time. The project imitates a spinning-digit type slot machine. The Game To play the game, first agree on the number of rounds. Player 1 actuates the switch lever as long as desired and releases it. The LEDs then show the score which is the sum of the 50-20-10-5 digits lit up. If the Play Again! LED lights, Player 1 has another, “free” round. If not, it’s Player 2’s turn. The players keep tab of their scores, and the highest score wins. Features LEDs Indicate Score Multi-Player and Play Again! Elektor Heritage Circuit Symbols Tried & Tested by Elektor Labs Educational & Geeky Project Through-Hole Parts Only Included Printed Circuit Board All Components Wooden Stand Bill of Materials Resistors (5%, 250 mW) R1,R2,R3,R4 = 100kΩ R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10 = 1kΩ Capacitors C1 = 4.7nF, 10%, 50V, 5mm C2 = 4.7μF, 10%, 63V, axial C3,C4 = 100nF, 10 %, 50V, ceramic X7R, 5mm Semiconductors LED1-LED6 = red, 5mm (T1 3/4) IC1 = 74HC4024 IC2 = 74HC132 Miscellaneous S1 = switch, toggle, 21mm lever, SPDT, momentary S2 = switch, tactile, 24V, 50mA, 6x6mm S3 = switch, slide, SPDT IC1,IC2 = IC socket, DIP14 BT1 = PCB-mount CR2032 battery retainer clip Desktop Stand PCB 230098-1 Not included: BT1 = CR2032 coin cell battery

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The Elektor MultiCalculator Kit is an Arduino-based multifunction calculator that goes beyond basic calculations. It offers 22 functions including light and temperature measurement, differential temperature analysis, and NEC IR remote control decoding. The Elektor MultiCalculator is a handy tool for use in your projects or for educational purposes. The kit features a Pro Mini module as the computing unit. The PCB is easy to assemble using through-hole components. The enclosure consists of 11 acrylic panels and mounting materials for easy assembly. Additionally, the device is equipped with a 16x2 alphanumeric LCD, 20 buttons, and temperature sensors. The Elektor MultiCalculator is programmable with the Arduino IDE through a 6-way PCB header. The available software is bilingual (English and Dutch). The calculator can be programmed with a programming adapter, and it is powered through USB-C. Modes of Operation Calculator 4-Ring Resistor Code 5-Ring Resistor Code Decimal to Hexadecimal and Character (ASCII) conversion Hexadecimal to Decimal and Character (ASCII) conversion Decimal to Binary and Character (ASCII) conversion Binary to Decimal and Hexadecimal conversion Hz, nF, capacitive reactance (XC) calculation Hz, µH, inductive reactance (XL) calculation Resistance calculation of two resistors connected in parallel Resistance calculation of two resistors connected in series Calculation of unknown parallel resistor Temperature measurement Differential temperature measurement T1&T2 and Delta (δ) Light measurement Stopwatch with lap time function Item counter NEC IR remote control decoding AWG conversion (American Wire Gauge) Rolling Dice Personalize startup message Temperature calibration Specifications Menu languages: English, Dutch Dimensions: 92 x 138 x 40 mm Build time: approx. 5 hours Included PCB and though-hole components Precut acrylic sheets with all mechanical parts Pro Mini microcontroller module (ATmega328/5 V/16 MHz) Programming adapter Waterproof temperature sensors USB-C cable Downloads Software

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Whistle And It Chirps Back At You! Although birds of all sorts are lovingly owned and watched by many people, sadly most of them have not yet learnt to communicate with us. This all-electronic bird takes a step in the right direction: when you whistle at it, it chirps back! Features Responds to Whistling Adjustable Bird Sounds (Tone and Length) Elektor Heritage Circuit Symbols Tried & Tested by Elektor Labs Educational & Geeky Project Through-Hole Parts Only Included Printed Circuit Board All Components Wooden Stand Bill of Materials Resistors R1,R2 = 2.2kΩ R3,R4,R13 = 47kΩ R5 = 4.7kΩ R6 = 3.3kΩ R7,R10,R11,R12,R17 = 100kΩ R8,R19,R23 = 1kΩ R9 = 1MΩ R14,R15 = 10kΩ R16,R18 = 470kΩ R20 = 68kΩ R21 = 10MΩ R22 = 2.7kΩ R24 = 22Ω P1,P2 = 1MΩ P3,P5 = 470kΩ P4 = 100kΩ Capacitors C1,C2,C12 = 100nF C3,C4 = 10nF C5 = 22μF, 16V C6,C7,C11 = 10μF, 16V C8 = 2.2μF, 100V C9 = 1μF, 50V C10 = 2.2nF C13 = 10nF Semiconductors D1,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7,D8 = 1N4148 D2 = 3V3 Zener diode T1,T2 = BC557B T3 = BC547B T4 = BC327-40 IC1 = TL084CN IC2 = 4093 Miscellaneous BT1 = wired battery clip for 6LR61/PP3 LS1 = miniature loudspeaker, 8Ω, 0.5W S1 = switch, slide, SPDT MIC1 = electret microphone PCB 230153-1 v1.1

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The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter uses the precision of a multimeter to measure very low resistance values. It is an adapter that converts a resistance into a voltage that can be measured with a standard multimeter. The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter can measure resistances below 1 mΩ using a 4-wire (Kelvin) method. It is useful for locating short circuits on printed circuit boards (PCB). The adapter features three measurement ranges – 1 mΩ, 10 mΩ, and 100 mΩ – selectable via a slide switch. It also includes onboard calibration resistors. The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter is powered by three 1.5 V AA batteries (not included). Specifications Measurement ranges 1 mΩ, 10 mΩ, 100 mΩ, 0.1% Power supply 3x 1.5 V AA batteries (not included) Dimensions 103 x 66 x 18 mm (compatible with Hammond 1593N-type enclosure, not included) Special feature On-board calibration resistors Downloads Documentation

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The Elektor ESP32 Energy Meter is a device designed for real-time energy monitoring and smart home integration. Powered by the ESP32-S3 microcontroller, it offers robust performance with modular and scalable features. The device uses a 220 V-to-12 V step-down transformer for voltage sampling, ensuring galvanic isolation and safety. Its compact PCB layout includes screw-type terminal blocks for secure connections, a Qwiic connector for additional sensors, and a programming header for direct ESP32-S3 configuration. The energy meter is compatible with single-phase and three-phase systems, making it adaptable for various applications. The energy meter is simple to set up and integrates with Home Assistant, offering real-time monitoring, historical analytics, and automation capabilities. It provides accurate measurements of voltage, current, and power, making it a valuable tool for energy management in homes and businesses. Features Comprehensive Energy Monitoring: Get detailed insights into your energy usage for smarter management and cost savings. Customizable Software: Tailor functionality to your needs by programming and integrating custom sensors. Smart Home Ready: Compatible with ESPHome, Home Assistant, and MQTT for full Smart Home integration. Safe & Flexible Design: Operates with a 220 V-to-12 V step-down transformer and features a pre-assembled SMD board. Quick Start: Includes one Current Transformer (CT) sensor and access to free setup resources. Specifications Microcontroller ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N8R2 Energy Metering IC ATM90E32AS Status Indicators 4x LEDs for power consumption indication2x Programmable LEDs for custom status notifications User Input 2x Push buttons for user control Display Output I²C OLED display for real-time power consumption visualization Input Voltage 110/220 V AC (via step-down transformer) Input Power 12 V (via step-down transformer or DC input) Clamp Current Sensor YHDC SCT013-000 (100 A/50 mA) included Smart Home Integration ESPHome, Home Assistant, and MQTT for seamless connectivity Connectivity Header for programming, Qwiic for sensor expansion Applications Supports single-phase and three-phase energy monitoring systems Dimensions 79.5 x 79.5 mm Included 1x Partly assembled board (SMDs are pre-mounted) 2x Screw terminal block connerctors (not mounted) 1x YHDC SCT013-000 current transformer Required Power transformer not included Downloads Datasheet (ESP32-S3-WROOM-1) Datasheet (ATM90E32AS) Datasheet (SCT013-000) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) From Prototype to Finished Product What started as an innovative project to create a reliable and user-friendly energy meter using the ESP32-S3 microcontroller has evolved into a robust product. Initially developed as an open-source project, the ESP32 Energy Meter aimed to provide precise energy monitoring, smart home integration and more. Through meticulous hardware and firmware development, the energy meter now stands as a compact, versatile solution for energy management.

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A Retro Roll with a Neon Soul LED-based dice are common, but their light is cold. Not so for this electronic neon dice, which displays its value with the warm glow of neon lamps. It is perfect for playing games on cold, dark winter evenings. The pips of the dice are neon lamps and the random number generator has six neon lamps to show that it is working. Even though the dice has an on-board 100-V power supply, it is completely safe. As with all Elektor Classic products, the dice too has its circuit diagram printed on the front while an explanation of how the circuit works can be found on the rear side. The Neon Lamp Dice comes as a kit of easy-to-solder through-hole parts. The power supply is a 9-V battery (not included). Features Warm Vintage Glow Elektor Heritage Circuit Symbols Tried & Tested by Elektor Labs Educational & Geeky Project Through-Hole Parts Only Included Printed Circuit Board All Components Wooden Stand Required 9 V battery Component List Resistors (THT, 150 V, 0.25 W) R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R14 = 1 MΩ R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12 = 18 kΩ R13, R15, R16, R17, R18, R21, R23, R24, R25, R26, R28, R30, R33 = 100 kΩ R32, R34 = 1.2 kΩ R19, R20, R22, R27, R29 = 4.7 kΩ R31 = 1 Ω Capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 = 470 nF, 50 V, 5 mm pitch C7, C9, C11, C12 = 1 µF, 16 V, 2 mm pitch C8 = 470 pF, 50 V, 5 mm pitch C10 = 1 µF, 250 V, 2.5 mm pitch Inductors L1 = 470 µH Semiconductors D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7 = 1N4148 D8 = STPS1150 IC1 = NE555 IC2 = 74HC374 IC3 = MC34063 IC4 = 78L05 T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 = MPSA42 T6 = STQ2LN60K3-AP Miscellaneous K1 = PP3 9 V battery holder NE1, NE2, NE3, NE4, NE5, NE6, NE7, NE8, NE9, NE10, NE11, NE12, NE13 = neon light S2 = Miniature slide switch S1 = Pushbutton (12 x 12 mm)

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Project Update: ESP32-Based Energy MeterNext Steps in Prototyping Optimizing Balcony Power PlantsConsiderations, Interesting Facts, and Calculations ESP32 With OpenDTU for Balcony Power PlantsRead Data from Small Inverters Via MCUs Variable Linear Power Supply Ensemble0…50 V / 0…2 A + Dual Symmetrical Supply Energy Storage Today and TomorrowAn Interview With Simon Engelke 2024: An AI OdysseyIt’s Not Letting Up Bluetooth LE on the STM32A Way to Read Measurements Remotely Human-Centric Smart Kitchen Grocery Container MAUI: Programming for PC, Tablet, and SmartphoneThe New Framework in Theory and Practice ChatMagLevThe AI Way of Levitation Simple PV Power RegulatorBuild Your First, Fully Functional PV Energy Management System Cold-Cathode DevicesPeculiar Parts, the Series From Life’s ExperienceNostalgia Starting Out in Electronics……Looking at FETs CAN Bus Tutorial for the Arduino UNO R4Two UNO R4s Hop on the Bus! Infographics: Power & Energy Comprehensive Design and Development SupportArrow Engineering Services Comparing Power Density and Power Efficiency Aluminium Electrolytic CapacitorsInterference Potential in Audio Technology USB Test and MeasurementThe Fnirsi FNB58 The Pixel Pump Pick-and-Place ToolSimplifying Manual SMT Board Assembly HomeLab ToursNot So Long Ago, in a Far-Away Country... “In the world of ethics in electronics, even small steps can make a significant impact.” Ethics in ElectronicsThe OECD Guidelines and Germany’s Supply Chain Due Diligence Act Chadèche: Smart Ni-MH Charger/DischargerA Reader’s Project in Brief Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates and Readers’ Letters

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