This collection features the best of Elektor Magazine's articles on embedded systems and artificial intelligence. From hands-on programming guides to innovative AI experiments, these pieces offer valuable insights and practical knowledge for engineers, developers, and enthusiasts exploring the evolving intersection of hardware design, software innovation, and intelligent technology. Contents Programming PICs from the Ground UpAssembler routine to output a sine wave Object-Oriented ProgrammingA Short Primer Using C++ Programming an FPGA Tracking Down Microcontroller Buffer Overflows with 0xDEADBEEF Too Quick to Code and Too Slow to Test? Understanding the Neurons in Neural NetworksEmbedded Neurons MAUI Programming for PC, Tablet, and SmartphoneThe New Framework in Theory and Practice USB Killer DetectorBetter Safe Than Sorry Understanding the Neurons in Neural NetworksArtificial Neurons A Bare-Metal Programming Guide Part 1: For STM32 and Other Controllers Part 2: Accurate Timing, the UART, and Debugging Part 3: CMSIS Headers, Automatic Testing, and a Web Server Introduction to TinyMLBig Is Not Always Better Microprocessors for Embedded SystemsPeculiar Parts, the Series FPGAs for BeginnersThe Path From MCU to FPGA Programming AI in Electronics DevelopmentAn Update After Only One Year AI in the Electronics LabGoogle Bard and Flux Copilot Put to the Test ESP32 and ChatGPTOn the Way to a Self-Programming System… Audio DSP FX Processor Board Part 1: Features and Design Part 2: Creating Applications Rust + EmbeddedA Development Power Duo A Smart Object CounterImage Recognition Made Easy with Edge Impulse Universal Garden LoggerA Step Towards AI Gardening A VHDL ClockMade with ChatGPT TensorFlow Lite on Small MicrocontrollersA (Very) Beginner’s Point of View Mosquito DetectionUsing Open Datasets and Arduino Nicla Vision Artificial Intelligence Timeline Intro to AI AlgorithmsPrompt: Which Algorithms Implement Each AI Tool? Bringing AI to the Edgewith ESP32-P4 The Growing Role of Edge AIA Trend Shaping the Future

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Build your textbook weather station or conduct environmental research together with the whole world. With many practical projects for Arduino, Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU, ESP32, and other development boards. Weather stations have enjoyed great popularity for decades. Every current and even every long discontinued electronics magazine has regularly featured articles on building your own weather station. Over the years, they have become increasingly sophisticated and can now be fully integrated into an automated home — although this often requires loyalty to an (expensive) brand manufacturer across all components. With your own weather and environmental data, you can keep up and measure things that no commercial station can. It’s also fun: expand your knowledge of electronics, current microcontroller development boards and programming languages in a fun and meaningful way. For less than 10 euros you can get started and record your first environmental data — with time and growing interest, you will continue to expand your system. In this Edition Which Microcontroller Fits My Project? The Right Development Environment Tracking Wind and Weather Weather Display with OpenWeatherMap and Vacuum Fluorescent Display Volatile Organic Compounds in the Air We Breathe Working with MQ Sensors: Measuring Carbon Monoxide — Odorless but Toxic CO2 Traffic Light with ThingSpeak IoT Connection An Automatic Plant Watering System Good Indoor Climate: Temperature and Humidity are Important criteria Classy Thermometer with Vintage Tube Technology Nostalgic Weather House for the Whole Family Measuring Air Pressure and Temperature Accurately Sunburn Warning Device DIY Sensor for Sunshine Duration Simple Smartphone Says: Fog or Clear View? Identifying Earthquakes Liquid Level Measurement for Vessels and Reservoirs Water pH Value Measurement Detecting Radioactive Radiation GPS: Sensor Location Service Across the Globe Saving and Timestamping Log Files on SD Cards LoRaWAN, The Things Network, and ThingSpeak Operating a LoRaWAN Gateway for TTN Defying "Wind and Weather" Mega Display with Weather Forecasz

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Build your textbook weather station or conduct environmental research together with the whole world. With many practical projects for Arduino, Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU, ESP32, and other development boards. Weather stations have enjoyed great popularity for decades. Every current and even every long discontinued electronics magazine has regularly featured articles on building your own weather station. Over the years, they have become increasingly sophisticated and can now be fully integrated into an automated home — although this often requires loyalty to an (expensive) brand manufacturer across all components. With your own weather and environmental data, you can keep up and measure things that no commercial station can. It’s also fun: expand your knowledge of electronics, current microcontroller development boards and programming languages in a fun and meaningful way. For less than 10 euros you can get started and record your first environmental data — with time and growing interest, you will continue to expand your system. In this Edition Which Microcontroller Fits My Project? The Right Development Environment Tracking Wind and Weather Weather Display with OpenWeatherMap and Vacuum Fluorescent Display Volatile Organic Compounds in the Air We Breathe Working with MQ Sensors: Measuring Carbon Monoxide — Odorless but Toxic CO2 Traffic Light with ThingSpeak IoT Connection An Automatic Plant Watering System Good Indoor Climate: Temperature and Humidity are Important criteria Classy Thermometer with Vintage Tube Technology Nostalgic Weather House for the Whole Family Measuring Air Pressure and Temperature Accurately Sunburn Warning Device DIY Sensor for Sunshine Duration Simple Smartphone Says: Fog or Clear View? Identifying Earthquakes Liquid Level Measurement for Vessels and Reservoirs Water pH Value Measurement Detecting Radioactive Radiation GPS: Sensor Location Service Across the Globe Saving and Timestamping Log Files on SD Cards LoRaWAN, The Things Network, and ThingSpeak Operating a LoRaWAN Gateway for TTN Defying "Wind and Weather" Mega Display with Weather Forecasz

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. PbMonitor v1.0A Battery-Monitoring System for UPS and Energy Storage Applications Solar Charge Controller with MPPT (1)Basic Principles of a Solar Controller for Stand-Alone Systems B-Field Integration Magnetometer With Home-Made Sensors Precise or Accurate?Your Instruments Need to Be Both! AD7124 A Precision ADC in PracticeFeatures for Sensor Signal Conditioning PID Control ToolOptimize Your Parameters Easily embedded world 2025 Starting Out in Electronics……Continues with Tone Control Academy Pro BoxBook + Online Course + Hardware Milliohmmeter AdapterUses the Precision of Your Multimeter The Next Leap in SemiconductorsOnward Toward 1.4 nm Through-Hole Technology ConnectorsThe Best of Two Worlds: THR Frequency CounterPortable and Auto-Calibrating Via GPS Analog MetersPeculiar Parts, the Series Stand-Alone Crystal TesterHow Accurate Is Your Clock Source? Low-Cost I²C TesterConnect I²C Devices Directly to Your PC From Life’s ExperienceWho Doesn’t Honor the Small Things? 2025: An AI OdysseyThe Transformative Impact on Software Development Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (2)Enhancing Our Setup with Intelligence Nortonized Wien Bridge OscillatorSmall Changes Yield Significant Improvements Putting a $0.10 Controller to the TestThe CH32V003 RISC-V Microcontroller and MounRiver Studio in Practice An FPGA-Based Audio Player with Equalizer (2)Adding Volume Control, Advanced Mixing, and a Web Interface

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. PbMonitor v1.0A Battery-Monitoring System for UPS and Energy Storage Applications Solar Charge Controller with MPPT (1)Basic Principles of a Solar Controller for Stand-Alone Systems B-Field Integration Magnetometer With Home-Made Sensors Precise or Accurate?Your Instruments Need to Be Both! AD7124 A Precision ADC in PracticeFeatures for Sensor Signal Conditioning PID Control ToolOptimize Your Parameters Easily embedded world 2025 Starting Out in Electronics……Continues with Tone Control Academy Pro BoxBook + Online Course + Hardware Milliohmmeter AdapterUses the Precision of Your Multimeter The Next Leap in SemiconductorsOnward Toward 1.4 nm Through-Hole Technology ConnectorsThe Best of Two Worlds: THR Frequency CounterPortable and Auto-Calibrating Via GPS Analog MetersPeculiar Parts, the Series Stand-Alone Crystal TesterHow Accurate Is Your Clock Source? Low-Cost I²C TesterConnect I²C Devices Directly to Your PC From Life’s ExperienceWho Doesn’t Honor the Small Things? 2025: An AI OdysseyThe Transformative Impact on Software Development Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (2)Enhancing Our Setup with Intelligence Nortonized Wien Bridge OscillatorSmall Changes Yield Significant Improvements Putting a $0.10 Controller to the TestThe CH32V003 RISC-V Microcontroller and MounRiver Studio in Practice An FPGA-Based Audio Player with Equalizer (2)Adding Volume Control, Advanced Mixing, and a Web Interface

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. The RISC-V Open-Source Processor Architecture16 Boards and MCUs You Should Know An FPGA-Based Audio Player with Equalizer (1)Mixing Digital Audio with an Arduino MKR Vidor 4000 Laser Head for Pico-Based Sand ClockDrawing with Light Enter the STM32 Edge AI Contest A Multi-Sensor Environmental Monitoring System for PlantsWireless Measurement of Water Supply and Light Conditions Maixduino AI-Powered Automatic DoormanFace Detection with a Camera Embedded Electronics 2024AI Is Set to Redefine the Industry Charge-Based In-Memory Compute at EnCharge AI AI Inferencing at 10 Times Lower Power and 20 Fold Lower Cost Click Board Helps Develop and Train ML Models for Vibration Analysis The Elektor Mini-WheelieA Self-Balancing Robot Kit MCU, I See YouMCUViewer Open-Source Multiplatform Debugging Tool USB 2.0 IsolatorElectrically Isolated Connections for USB Devices Intervention Before DamagePredictive Maintenance in Practice SPoE – Electromagnetic CompatibilitySingle-Pair with Power-Over-Ethernet Through the Eyes of EMC Color TV: A Wonder of Its TimeCreating a New World ECG Graph MonitoringAn Implementation with Hexabitz Modules and an STM32CubeMonitor The Battle for AI at the Edge HaLow Hits Record 16-km Wi-Fi Distance at 900 MHz First CHERI RISC-V Embedded Chip and Early Access Programme Third-Generation Wildfire Detection Uses Satellite Links From Life’s ExperienceChoice Overload Starting Out in Electronics……Continues Filtering and Controls Tone Quasi-Analog ClockworkA Remake of an Elektor Classic A Modular Approach to Sensor TestingThe ESP32-S3-Based Sensor Evaluation Board 2025: An AI OdysseyThe Rise of Foundation Models and Their Role in Democratizing AI Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (1)Preparing a Platform for Some Edge AI Experiments Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Universal AI RISC-V Processor Does It All — CPU, GPU, DSP, FPGA CEO Interview: Ventiva’s Thin and Cool Tech Dual-Core Programming with a Raspberry Pi PicoVenture Into the World of Parallel Programming

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. The RISC-V Open-Source Processor Architecture16 Boards and MCUs You Should Know An FPGA-Based Audio Player with Equalizer (1)Mixing Digital Audio with an Arduino MKR Vidor 4000 Laser Head for Pico-Based Sand ClockDrawing with Light Enter the STM32 Edge AI Contest A Multi-Sensor Environmental Monitoring System for PlantsWireless Measurement of Water Supply and Light Conditions Maixduino AI-Powered Automatic DoormanFace Detection with a Camera Embedded Electronics 2024AI Is Set to Redefine the Industry Charge-Based In-Memory Compute at EnCharge AI AI Inferencing at 10 Times Lower Power and 20 Fold Lower Cost Click Board Helps Develop and Train ML Models for Vibration Analysis The Elektor Mini-WheelieA Self-Balancing Robot Kit MCU, I See YouMCUViewer Open-Source Multiplatform Debugging Tool USB 2.0 IsolatorElectrically Isolated Connections for USB Devices Intervention Before DamagePredictive Maintenance in Practice SPoE – Electromagnetic CompatibilitySingle-Pair with Power-Over-Ethernet Through the Eyes of EMC Color TV: A Wonder of Its TimeCreating a New World ECG Graph MonitoringAn Implementation with Hexabitz Modules and an STM32CubeMonitor The Battle for AI at the Edge HaLow Hits Record 16-km Wi-Fi Distance at 900 MHz First CHERI RISC-V Embedded Chip and Early Access Programme Third-Generation Wildfire Detection Uses Satellite Links From Life’s ExperienceChoice Overload Starting Out in Electronics……Continues Filtering and Controls Tone Quasi-Analog ClockworkA Remake of an Elektor Classic A Modular Approach to Sensor TestingThe ESP32-S3-Based Sensor Evaluation Board 2025: An AI OdysseyThe Rise of Foundation Models and Their Role in Democratizing AI Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (1)Preparing a Platform for Some Edge AI Experiments Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Universal AI RISC-V Processor Does It All — CPU, GPU, DSP, FPGA CEO Interview: Ventiva’s Thin and Cool Tech Dual-Core Programming with a Raspberry Pi PicoVenture Into the World of Parallel Programming

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. DIY Solar Energy StorageBuild Your Own Energy Store for a PV Solar Array Solar Module SimulatorA Solution for Testing and Optimizing MPP Trackers and Inverters The STM32 Edge AI ContestExplore the new STM32N6 and Compete for a Share of €5,000 in Prizes! Widening the BandgapWhy There Is So Much Interest in SiC and GaN Notebook Power BankExtend the Life of Your Aged Laptop Medical RobotsOvercoming Technical and Regulatory Hurdles Frost Guard for Fruit Plants With Temperature Data Logger The Analog ThingThe Arduino of Analog Computing? Energy Saving Relay DriverSaves 90% of Relay Drive Power Improving the ET5410A+ DC loadKeep Cool and Be Quiet, Please electronica 2024 in Review Electromagnetic CompatibilityEMC in a Nutshell! Starting Out in Electronics……Filters Actively Reducing Power Dissipation With Dropping CapacitorsA Clever Use of Capacitive Reactance The Affordable MCP4725 12-Bit Digital-to-Analog ConverterAn EEPROM Feature Enables Safe Switch-On Behavior Fnirsi LCR-ST1 Smart LCR SMD Tweezers Raspberry Pi-Based Private Test & Measurement LabFirst Things First: The ADC Electronic Load ResistorAn Out-of-the-Box Project 2025: An AI OdysseySome Projects to See in the New Year AmpVolt v2.0 Project Update100 Amps and Beyond! Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Unveiling Ethical TransparencyInsights from Ethics in Electronics’s 2024 Survey Elektor Audio DSP FX Processor Board (2)Creating Applications

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. DIY Solar Energy StorageBuild Your Own Energy Store for a PV Solar Array Solar Module SimulatorA Solution for Testing and Optimizing MPP Trackers and Inverters The STM32 Edge AI ContestExplore the new STM32N6 and Compete for a Share of €5,000 in Prizes! Widening the BandgapWhy There Is So Much Interest in SiC and GaN Notebook Power BankExtend the Life of Your Aged Laptop Medical RobotsOvercoming Technical and Regulatory Hurdles Frost Guard for Fruit Plants With Temperature Data Logger The Analog ThingThe Arduino of Analog Computing? Energy Saving Relay DriverSaves 90% of Relay Drive Power Improving the ET5410A+ DC loadKeep Cool and Be Quiet, Please electronica 2024 in Review Electromagnetic CompatibilityEMC in a Nutshell! Starting Out in Electronics……Filters Actively Reducing Power Dissipation With Dropping CapacitorsA Clever Use of Capacitive Reactance The Affordable MCP4725 12-Bit Digital-to-Analog ConverterAn EEPROM Feature Enables Safe Switch-On Behavior Fnirsi LCR-ST1 Smart LCR SMD Tweezers Raspberry Pi-Based Private Test & Measurement LabFirst Things First: The ADC Electronic Load ResistorAn Out-of-the-Box Project 2025: An AI OdysseySome Projects to See in the New Year AmpVolt v2.0 Project Update100 Amps and Beyond! Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Unveiling Ethical TransparencyInsights from Ethics in Electronics’s 2024 Survey Elektor Audio DSP FX Processor Board (2)Creating Applications

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NEW: Now incl. volume 2024 + Elektor GPT 5 Elektor Decades (’70s, ’80s, ’90s, ’00s, and ’10s) on a USB Stick This USB stick (32 GB, USB 3.0) is loaded with all the Elektor magazine English editions (as PDFs) from 1974 to 2024. Elektor engineers, authors, and editors aim to inspire you to master electronics and computer technology by presenting professionally designed circuits that are easy to build. We also cover the latest developments in electronics and information technology. With the Elektor Archive on a USB stick, you can browse our previous English editions at your convenience and learn about MCU-based projects, robotics, electronics testing, embedded programming, analog techniques, and much more. All the Elektor magazine editions are stored as PDFs on a 32-GB USB stick (USB 3.0). The 10,000+ articles have been classified by date of publication (month/year), and a comprehensive index enables you to search the entire USB stick. Subject areas include: Audio & video Computers & microcontrollers Radio, hobby & modelling Home & garden Power supplies & batteries Test & measurement Software And everything else that doesn’t fit in one of these categories. NEW Elektor GPT is an AI-powered tool that helps users navigate through the decades-long Elektor archive. Using advanced search algorithms and natural language processing, Elektor GPT quickly finds articles, projects, and other resources from the archive. Specifications USB USB 3.0 Storage 32 GB Interfaces 1x USB-A1x USB-C System requirements PC with Adobe Reader 7.0 or higher Web browser

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. The AlertAlfred AI Security SystemPowered by a Raspberry Pi 5 and the Hailo 8L Module AI in Electronics DevelopmentAn Update After Only One Year Intro to AI AlgorithmsPrompt: Which Algorithms Implement Each AI Tool? Single-Board Computers for Artificial Intelligence ProjectsBackground and Overview From Sensor Data to Machine Learning ModelsGesture Detection with an Accelerometer and Edge Impulse Build a Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Spiking NeuronArtificial Intelligence Without Software ChatGPT for Electronic DesignDoes GPT-4o Do It Any Better? Bringing AI to the Edge with ESP32-P4 Exploring Speech Functions on Raspberry Pi ZeroWhen Overclocking Gives Freedom of Speech The Growing Role of Edge AIA Trend Shaping the Future Unlocking the Power of Edge AIA Conversation with François de Rochebouët of STMicroelectronics A VHDL Clock Made with ChatGPT AI’s Real ImpactSayash Kapoor on “AI Snake Oil” and More The Latest Stuff From BeagleBoardBeagleY-AI, BeagleV-Fire, BeagleMod, BeaglePlay and BeagleConnect Freedom Mosquito Detection Using Open Datasets and Arduino Nicla Vision AI Today and Tomorrow: Insights from Espressif, Arduino, and SparkFun Artificial Intelligence Timeline BeagleY-AIThe Latest SBC for AI Applications AI in FocusPerspectives from the Elektor Community Machine Vision with OpenMVCreate a Soda Can Detector A Conversation with the Digital MindChatGPT vs Gemini Skilling Me Softly with This Bot?Is the AI Revolution in the Electronic Field Failing Due to a Lack of Social Precision?

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. The AlertAlfred AI Security SystemPowered by a Raspberry Pi 5 and the Hailo 8L Module AI in Electronics DevelopmentAn Update After Only One Year Intro to AI AlgorithmsPrompt: Which Algorithms Implement Each AI Tool? Single-Board Computers for Artificial Intelligence ProjectsBackground and Overview From Sensor Data to Machine Learning ModelsGesture Detection with an Accelerometer and Edge Impulse Build a Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Spiking NeuronArtificial Intelligence Without Software ChatGPT for Electronic DesignDoes GPT-4o Do It Any Better? Bringing AI to the Edge with ESP32-P4 Exploring Speech Functions on Raspberry Pi ZeroWhen Overclocking Gives Freedom of Speech The Growing Role of Edge AIA Trend Shaping the Future Unlocking the Power of Edge AIA Conversation with François de Rochebouët of STMicroelectronics A VHDL Clock Made with ChatGPT AI’s Real ImpactSayash Kapoor on “AI Snake Oil” and More The Latest Stuff From BeagleBoardBeagleY-AI, BeagleV-Fire, BeagleMod, BeaglePlay and BeagleConnect Freedom Mosquito Detection Using Open Datasets and Arduino Nicla Vision AI Today and Tomorrow: Insights from Espressif, Arduino, and SparkFun Artificial Intelligence Timeline BeagleY-AIThe Latest SBC for AI Applications AI in FocusPerspectives from the Elektor Community Machine Vision with OpenMVCreate a Soda Can Detector A Conversation with the Digital MindChatGPT vs Gemini Skilling Me Softly with This Bot?Is the AI Revolution in the Electronic Field Failing Due to a Lack of Social Precision?

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As demand for solar panel installation has risen sharply, especially for installations larger than balcony power plants, the order books of solar companies are full. If you ask for a quote today, you may have to wait a while, if your request isn't simply postponed indefinitely. Another consequence of the solar boom is that some companies are charging very high prices for installations. Yet there is an obvious and radical solution to the problem of excessive prices: Do it yourself, as the English say. The price of materials is currently affordable, and it's the ideal time for those who do the work themselves. They couldn't save more. Add to this the satisfaction of doing something useful, both economically and ecologically, and the pleasure of building yourself. In this special issue, you'll find a wide selection of Elektor assemblies, from solar panel controllers to solar water heaters and solar panel orientation systems. The issue also contains practical information on solar panel installation and the technology behind them. Finally, there are a number of articles on the subject of balcony power plants, from how to install them to how to connect them to the Internet... Contents BASICS Dimensioning Photovoltaic Panel ArraysAn introduction to photovoltaic energy and the commonest techniques,followed by simplified calculation models and setup guidelines. Light Sensor TechnologyMeasuring daylight using LEDs. Solar Power Made SimpleSolar charging with and without a controller. Cable Cross-sections and Energy Losses in Solar SystemsKey considerations on the minimum values to respect for electricalcurrent in solar panel cabling. Solar ModulesEverything you always wanted to know about solar panels... Ideal Diode ControllerDiode Circuits with Low Power Dissipation. TIPS Tracking for Solar Modules zBot Solar/Battery Power Supply Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator Solar Cell Voltage Regulator Solar-Powered Night Light Alternative Solar Battery Charger PROJECTS Energy LoggerMeasuring and Recording Power Consumption. Tiny Solar SupplySunlight In, 3.3 V Out. A Do-It-Yourself DTURead Data from Small Inverters by μC. Solar ChargerPortable energy for people on the move. Solar Thermal Energy RegulatorMaximum power point tracking explored. 2-amp Maximum Power Tracking ChargerSolar Power To The Max. Computer-driven HeliostatFollow the sun or the stars. Garden LightingUsing solar cells. Solar Panel Voltage Converter for IoT DevicesYes we CAN exploit indoor lighting. Travel ChargerFree power in the mountains. Solar Cell Battery Charger/MonitorWith protection against deep discharge. Solar-powered Battery ChargerPIC12C671 avoids overcharging and deep charging. Converters for Photovoltaic PanelsContributed by TME (Transfer MultisortElektronik). Solar Charging RegulatorFor panels up to 53 watts. Solar-Powered ChargerFor lead-acid batteries. CAN Bus + Arduino for Solar PV Cell MonitoringDetect and locate serviceable panels in large arrays. Balcony Power Plant 2.0The latest: solar panels, installation and inverters

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As demand for solar panel installation has risen sharply, especially for installations larger than balcony power plants, the order books of solar companies are full. If you ask for a quote today, you may have to wait a while, if your request isn't simply postponed indefinitely. Another consequence of the solar boom is that some companies are charging very high prices for installations. Yet there is an obvious and radical solution to the problem of excessive prices: Do it yourself, as the English say. The price of materials is currently affordable, and it's the ideal time for those who do the work themselves. They couldn't save more. Add to this the satisfaction of doing something useful, both economically and ecologically, and the pleasure of building yourself. In this special issue, you'll find a wide selection of Elektor assemblies, from solar panel controllers to solar water heaters and solar panel orientation systems. The issue also contains practical information on solar panel installation and the technology behind them. Finally, there are a number of articles on the subject of balcony power plants, from how to install them to how to connect them to the Internet... Contents BASICS Dimensioning Photovoltaic Panel ArraysAn introduction to photovoltaic energy and the commonest techniques,followed by simplified calculation models and setup guidelines. Light Sensor TechnologyMeasuring daylight using LEDs. Solar Power Made SimpleSolar charging with and without a controller. Cable Cross-sections and Energy Losses in Solar SystemsKey considerations on the minimum values to respect for electricalcurrent in solar panel cabling. Solar ModulesEverything you always wanted to know about solar panels... Ideal Diode ControllerDiode Circuits with Low Power Dissipation. TIPS Tracking for Solar Modules zBot Solar/Battery Power Supply Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator Solar Cell Voltage Regulator Solar-Powered Night Light Alternative Solar Battery Charger PROJECTS Energy LoggerMeasuring and Recording Power Consumption. Tiny Solar SupplySunlight In, 3.3 V Out. A Do-It-Yourself DTURead Data from Small Inverters by μC. Solar ChargerPortable energy for people on the move. Solar Thermal Energy RegulatorMaximum power point tracking explored. 2-amp Maximum Power Tracking ChargerSolar Power To The Max. Computer-driven HeliostatFollow the sun or the stars. Garden LightingUsing solar cells. Solar Panel Voltage Converter for IoT DevicesYes we CAN exploit indoor lighting. Travel ChargerFree power in the mountains. Solar Cell Battery Charger/MonitorWith protection against deep discharge. Solar-powered Battery ChargerPIC12C671 avoids overcharging and deep charging. Converters for Photovoltaic PanelsContributed by TME (Transfer MultisortElektronik). Solar Charging RegulatorFor panels up to 53 watts. Solar-Powered ChargerFor lead-acid batteries. CAN Bus + Arduino for Solar PV Cell MonitoringDetect and locate serviceable panels in large arrays. Balcony Power Plant 2.0The latest: solar panels, installation and inverters

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Audio DSP FX Processor BoardPart 1: Features and Design 50 Years of Elektor in English KiCad 8Top New and Updated Features Elektor MultiCalculator KitAn Arduino-Based Calculator Kit for Electronic Purposes Low-Cost GNSS RTK SystemsWith Centimeter-Level Degree of Accuracy PCB Layout and SafetyHints for a Safe, Long-Life Design of Your Boards Opamp TesterFor Audio and Other Applications Project Update #4: ESP32-Based Energy MeterEnergy Monitoring with MQTT Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer with Waveguide Technology and Multi-Interface PCsAaronia Establishes New Product Segment and Presents First Prototypes at Electronica in Munich Applications of Ynvisible’s E-paper DisplaysTransform Businesses and Shape the Future SMT InductorsCoils and Ferrites — Selection Made Easy Arrow Electronics to Showcase Innovative Technologies at electronica 2024 Using EMI Shielding to Achieve Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance The Ultimate Tool for Every Electronics EnthusiastUnlock Endless Possibilities with Red Pitaya and 1,000+ Click Boards™ V-LD1 Distance Radar Module Siglent Presents Its New Vector Network Analyzer Platform SNA6000A HDI in the MiddleA New Cost-Effective PCB Pooling Service for Tiny BGAs Remote Access IoT LabOne and Only Solution for Remote Learning and Development in Embedded Industry Challenges of DFM Analysis for Flex and Rigid-Flex Design From Life's ExperienceMicrotechnophobia 3D Christmas TreeA 3D PCB with a Low-Cost, 32-bit Microcontroller Starting Out in Electronics……Continues with the Opamp! An Autonomous Sensor Node (Project Update #1)Reducing Idle Power Consumption with External RTC and Power Switch 2024: An AI OdysseyA Look Back at the Future LED Displays with the MAX7219A Hands-On Approach to a Great Chip Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters VibroTactile GlovesA Breakthrough for Parkinson’s Patients

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Audio DSP FX Processor BoardPart 1: Features and Design 50 Years of Elektor in English KiCad 8Top New and Updated Features Elektor MultiCalculator KitAn Arduino-Based Calculator Kit for Electronic Purposes Low-Cost GNSS RTK SystemsWith Centimeter-Level Degree of Accuracy PCB Layout and SafetyHints for a Safe, Long-Life Design of Your Boards Opamp TesterFor Audio and Other Applications Project Update #4: ESP32-Based Energy MeterEnergy Monitoring with MQTT Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer with Waveguide Technology and Multi-Interface PCsAaronia Establishes New Product Segment and Presents First Prototypes at Electronica in Munich Applications of Ynvisible’s E-paper DisplaysTransform Businesses and Shape the Future SMT InductorsCoils and Ferrites — Selection Made Easy Arrow Electronics to Showcase Innovative Technologies at electronica 2024 Using EMI Shielding to Achieve Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance The Ultimate Tool for Every Electronics EnthusiastUnlock Endless Possibilities with Red Pitaya and 1,000+ Click Boards™ V-LD1 Distance Radar Module Siglent Presents Its New Vector Network Analyzer Platform SNA6000A HDI in the MiddleA New Cost-Effective PCB Pooling Service for Tiny BGAs Remote Access IoT LabOne and Only Solution for Remote Learning and Development in Embedded Industry Challenges of DFM Analysis for Flex and Rigid-Flex Design From Life's ExperienceMicrotechnophobia 3D Christmas TreeA 3D PCB with a Low-Cost, 32-bit Microcontroller Starting Out in Electronics……Continues with the Opamp! An Autonomous Sensor Node (Project Update #1)Reducing Idle Power Consumption with External RTC and Power Switch 2024: An AI OdysseyA Look Back at the Future LED Displays with the MAX7219A Hands-On Approach to a Great Chip Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters VibroTactile GlovesA Breakthrough for Parkinson’s Patients

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3K5 Noteworthy Designs (1975-2024) This USB archive stick contains over 3,500 noteworthy circuits from all areas of electronics (audio & video, hobby & modelling, home & garden, test & measurement, computers & microcontrollers, radio, power supplies & batteries) published in Elektor Magazine since 1975. Most circuits are sourced from the Elektor Summer Circuits editions. You can use the article search function to find specific content in the full text. The results are always shown as preformatted PDF documents. Adobe Reader may be used to browse articles as well as find individual words and expressions using the program’s integrated Search functions. Please note that no Summer Circuits editions were published between 2014 and 2022, so these years are not included in the directory. Specifications USB USB 3.0 Storage 32 GB Connectors 1x USB-A1x USB-C

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. An Autonomous Sensor NodeLoRa-Based Data Transmission and Power by Solar Cells Elektor eXpansion Board v1.0For ESP32-S3 and other XIAO controller boards Model Railroad with CameraInstalling an ESP32 CAM Module Broadband Magnetic Antenna for Long WaveMultiple Channels Without Tuning TensorFlow Lite on Small MicrocontrollersA (Very) Beginner’s Point of View A Hub for RS-422 and RS-485 DevicesWire Your Bus Like a Star RF ProbeWith LED Bar Graph Starting Out in Electronics……Reviews More Opamp Circuits Open VarioThe Open-Source Multifunction Variometer for Paragliding From Life’s ExperienceAbout Taking Things for Granted AI-Based Water Meter Reading (Part 2)Get Your Old Meter Onto the IoT! ML-Based Pest DetectionSmart Agriculture Device With IoT Connectivity Why Anybus CompactCom Is the Ideal Choice for Embedded Industrial Communication IQRF Communication StandardReliability for Lossy, Low-Rate Wireless Mesh Networks How to Build a Smart Agricultural RobotEssential Technical Considerations and Challenges Audio Notch Filter with Adjustable FrequencyUniversal Solution for Suppressing Frequencies in Audio Applications The LeoINAGPS SystemGets Useful Insights on Your Electric Vehicle Solar-Powered LoRa NodeA Modular, Compact, and Versatile IoT Solution AWS for Arduino and Co. (2)Sending Data Using AWS IoT ExpressLink Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters 2024: An AI OdysseyDesktop Versus Embedded Accelerators: A Look at Some Options ESP32 Range ExtenderA Simple Antenna Modification

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. An Autonomous Sensor NodeLoRa-Based Data Transmission and Power by Solar Cells Elektor eXpansion Board v1.0For ESP32-S3 and other XIAO controller boards Model Railroad with CameraInstalling an ESP32 CAM Module Broadband Magnetic Antenna for Long WaveMultiple Channels Without Tuning TensorFlow Lite on Small MicrocontrollersA (Very) Beginner’s Point of View A Hub for RS-422 and RS-485 DevicesWire Your Bus Like a Star RF ProbeWith LED Bar Graph Starting Out in Electronics……Reviews More Opamp Circuits Open VarioThe Open-Source Multifunction Variometer for Paragliding From Life’s ExperienceAbout Taking Things for Granted AI-Based Water Meter Reading (Part 2)Get Your Old Meter Onto the IoT! ML-Based Pest DetectionSmart Agriculture Device With IoT Connectivity Why Anybus CompactCom Is the Ideal Choice for Embedded Industrial Communication IQRF Communication StandardReliability for Lossy, Low-Rate Wireless Mesh Networks How to Build a Smart Agricultural RobotEssential Technical Considerations and Challenges Audio Notch Filter with Adjustable FrequencyUniversal Solution for Suppressing Frequencies in Audio Applications The LeoINAGPS SystemGets Useful Insights on Your Electric Vehicle Solar-Powered LoRa NodeA Modular, Compact, and Versatile IoT Solution AWS for Arduino and Co. (2)Sending Data Using AWS IoT ExpressLink Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters 2024: An AI OdysseyDesktop Versus Embedded Accelerators: A Look at Some Options ESP32 Range ExtenderA Simple Antenna Modification

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Digital Load for High-Current TestingFrom Necessity to Innovation Vocal RemoverInstant Karaoke Circuit Audio A/B Selector With Gain ControlSwitches from Microphone to Line Inputs Better Charging for the LIR2032Be Kind to Your Coin Cells Touch Sensing Made SimpleA DIY Guide for Any Microcontroller Universal Infrared Remote SwitchA New Life for Old Remotes Microcontroller-Powered Moo BoxMaking Playful Sounds With a Microcontroller USB Battery Interface Powering Low-Draw Devices With Power BanksA “Stay Alive” Solution Small Class-A Audio Amplifier With Current OutputDrive Speakers with Current Instead of Voltage Pseudo-Balanced ModuleHigh CMRR with Unbalanced Audio Links Ni-MH Cells Automatic ChargerRefill All Your Battery Packs in One Go! Thyristor-Based Power Supply Protection Fingerprint Sensor SwitchA Useful Proof-of-Identity Device DC-DC 3-A Power ConverterUpgrade Your Fixed-Voltage Sources Remote Water Heater MonitorVoltage and Current Detection for AC Lines Attenuators for Audio Signals (1)Adjustable Via Jumpers Pimp My Car Battery Charger (Part 1)Don’t Throw It Away, Mod It! A Board for the Blue OnePCB for Alps Motorized Potentiometer with Feedback 50-Hz Reference from 60-Hz Mains VoltageHow to Use 50-Hz Electronics in 60-Hz Environments Digital IsolatorsRealizing Galvanic Isolation Easily Compact 12-W Hi-Fi Mono AmplifierSmall But Powerful LM386 Ramp Generator Three-Phase GeneratorWith Raspberry Pi Pico Door Opener for the Musically Talented Elektor Classic: Surf SynthesizerOcean Watersports Background Sound Generator (OWBSG) Pimp my Car Battery Charger (Part 2)Don’t Throw It Away, Mod It! Lamp Current MonitorWith a Raspberry Pi Pico Infrared Telegraphy Fnirsi SWM-10Repair Battery Packs With This Portable Intelligent Spot Welding Machine Stereo Audio Codec for the ESP32 and Co.No Need to Be Afraid of Audio Measurement Technology Tin Soldering TechniquesMake Them Well Right Away! Attenuators for Audio Signals (2)Switching Via Relays USB-C PowerDrawing Power from USB-C Power Adapters Three Circuits with Two and Three Counter ICs4017 ICs Working Together Active Components – The Diode A Timer For Ultra-Long DelaysSet It, and Forget It! Jack In and Jack OutA Useful Insert Option for Audio Circuits Power an ESP32 from a Single Li-ion Cell Hexadoku

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Digital Load for High-Current TestingFrom Necessity to Innovation Vocal RemoverInstant Karaoke Circuit Audio A/B Selector With Gain ControlSwitches from Microphone to Line Inputs Better Charging for the LIR2032Be Kind to Your Coin Cells Touch Sensing Made SimpleA DIY Guide for Any Microcontroller Universal Infrared Remote SwitchA New Life for Old Remotes Microcontroller-Powered Moo BoxMaking Playful Sounds With a Microcontroller USB Battery Interface Powering Low-Draw Devices With Power BanksA “Stay Alive” Solution Small Class-A Audio Amplifier With Current OutputDrive Speakers with Current Instead of Voltage Pseudo-Balanced ModuleHigh CMRR with Unbalanced Audio Links Ni-MH Cells Automatic ChargerRefill All Your Battery Packs in One Go! Thyristor-Based Power Supply Protection Fingerprint Sensor SwitchA Useful Proof-of-Identity Device DC-DC 3-A Power ConverterUpgrade Your Fixed-Voltage Sources Remote Water Heater MonitorVoltage and Current Detection for AC Lines Attenuators for Audio Signals (1)Adjustable Via Jumpers Pimp My Car Battery Charger (Part 1)Don’t Throw It Away, Mod It! A Board for the Blue OnePCB for Alps Motorized Potentiometer with Feedback 50-Hz Reference from 60-Hz Mains VoltageHow to Use 50-Hz Electronics in 60-Hz Environments Digital IsolatorsRealizing Galvanic Isolation Easily Compact 12-W Hi-Fi Mono AmplifierSmall But Powerful LM386 Ramp Generator Three-Phase GeneratorWith Raspberry Pi Pico Door Opener for the Musically Talented Elektor Classic: Surf SynthesizerOcean Watersports Background Sound Generator (OWBSG) Pimp my Car Battery Charger (Part 2)Don’t Throw It Away, Mod It! Lamp Current MonitorWith a Raspberry Pi Pico Infrared Telegraphy Fnirsi SWM-10Repair Battery Packs With This Portable Intelligent Spot Welding Machine Stereo Audio Codec for the ESP32 and Co.No Need to Be Afraid of Audio Measurement Technology Tin Soldering TechniquesMake Them Well Right Away! Attenuators for Audio Signals (2)Switching Via Relays USB-C PowerDrawing Power from USB-C Power Adapters Three Circuits with Two and Three Counter ICs4017 ICs Working Together Active Components – The Diode A Timer For Ultra-Long DelaysSet It, and Forget It! Jack In and Jack OutA Useful Insert Option for Audio Circuits Power an ESP32 from a Single Li-ion Cell Hexadoku

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Small Thermal Imaging CameraAn Arduino UNO-Based DIY Solution Project Update #3: ESP32-Based Energy MeterIntegration and Testing with Home Assistant 2024: An AI OdysseyEnhancing Object Detection: Integrating Refined Techniques Raspberry Pi Goes AINew Kit Incorporates M.2 HAT+ With AI Accelerator Weather Station SensorsWhich One Should You Choose? AI-Based Water Meter Reading (1)Get Your Old Meter Onto the IoT! A GSM AlarmHarnessing GSM Technology for Remote Garage Safety Low-Power Thread Devices Optimized and ScrutinizedLow Power … Low Effort? From Life’s ExperienceThe Gender Gap DIY Cloud ChamberMaking Invisible Radiation Visible SparkFun Thing Plus MatterA Versatile Matter-Based IoT Development Board IoT RetrofittingMaking RS-232 Devices Fit for Industry 4.0 Enabling IoT with 8-Bit MCUs Technology Drives SustainabilityAdvances Lead to More Efficient Use of Energy in Many Applications AWS for Arduino and Co. (1)Using AWS IoT ExpressLink in Real Life Airflow Detector Using Arduino OnlyNo External Sensors Needed! Water Leak DetectorConnected to Arduino Cloud CrystalsPeculiar Parts, the Series Universal Garden LoggerA Step Towards AI Gardening Analog 1 kHz GeneratorSine Waves with Low Distortion Miletus: Using Web Apps OfflineSystem and Device Access Included! From 4G to 5GIs It Such an Easy Step? Starting Out in Electronics……Balances Out

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Small Thermal Imaging CameraAn Arduino UNO-Based DIY Solution Project Update #3: ESP32-Based Energy MeterIntegration and Testing with Home Assistant 2024: An AI OdysseyEnhancing Object Detection: Integrating Refined Techniques Raspberry Pi Goes AINew Kit Incorporates M.2 HAT+ With AI Accelerator Weather Station SensorsWhich One Should You Choose? AI-Based Water Meter Reading (1)Get Your Old Meter Onto the IoT! A GSM AlarmHarnessing GSM Technology for Remote Garage Safety Low-Power Thread Devices Optimized and ScrutinizedLow Power … Low Effort? From Life’s ExperienceThe Gender Gap DIY Cloud ChamberMaking Invisible Radiation Visible SparkFun Thing Plus MatterA Versatile Matter-Based IoT Development Board IoT RetrofittingMaking RS-232 Devices Fit for Industry 4.0 Enabling IoT with 8-Bit MCUs Technology Drives SustainabilityAdvances Lead to More Efficient Use of Energy in Many Applications AWS for Arduino and Co. (1)Using AWS IoT ExpressLink in Real Life Airflow Detector Using Arduino OnlyNo External Sensors Needed! Water Leak DetectorConnected to Arduino Cloud CrystalsPeculiar Parts, the Series Universal Garden LoggerA Step Towards AI Gardening Analog 1 kHz GeneratorSine Waves with Low Distortion Miletus: Using Web Apps OfflineSystem and Device Access Included! From 4G to 5GIs It Such an Easy Step? Starting Out in Electronics……Balances Out

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. STM32 Wireless Innovation Design Contest Winners In-Circuit LC MeterA Prototype Study The AmpVolt Modular DC Power Meter (Part 1)Measure DC Power and Energy Consumption Up to 50 V and 5 A embedded world 2024 Repairing Electronic EquipmentTools, Techniques and Tips Starting Out in Electronics…...Continues the Opamp Theory A Simple DDS Signal GeneratorDirect Digital Synthesis in Its Purest Form Sparkplug at a GlanceA Specification for MQTT Data The CRTCPeculiar Parts, the Series Radar-Controlled LightingAutomatic Stairway Light With Human Presence Detection Digital Bubble Level and Active Stroboscopic Disc for TurntablesFine-Tune Your Record Player With This All-In-One Tool Open Source and Its Significance for the Electronics Industry (2) M12 Circular Connector With A-codingFirst Choice for Industrial Applications The Arduino-Inside Measurement LabAn 8-in-1 Test & Measurement Instrument for the Electronics Workbench Sound Card Performs Gain/Phase and Impedance AnalysisFor Frequencies From 100 Hz to 90 kHz Measuring pH Value With the Arduino UNO R4Check the Quality of Your Water From Life’s ExperiencePangpong Butt Launcher FNIRSI 1014D Digital Storage OscilloscopeGood Performance for Tight Budgets 2024: An AI OdysseyGetting Object Detection Up and Running 10 MHz Reference GeneratorHighly Accurate, With Distributor and Galvanic Isolation Project Update #2: ESP32-Based Energy MeterSome Enhancements Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters An Interview with Eben Upton, CEO of Raspberry PiRaspberry Pi 5 and Beyond

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