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Microcontrollers have become an indispensable part of modern electronics. They make things possible that vastly exceed what could be done previously. Innumerable applications show that almost nothing is impossible. There’s thus every reason to learn more about them, but that raises the question of where to find a good introduction to this fascinating technology. The answer is easy: this Microcontroller Basics book, combined with the 89S8252 Flash Board project published by Elektor Electronics. However, this book offers more than just a basic introduction. It clearly explains the technology using various microcontroller circuits and programs written in several different programming languages. Three microcontrollers from the 8051 family are used in the sample applications, ranging from the simple 89C2051 to the AN2131, which is designed to support USB applications. The programming tools include assemblers, Basic-52 and BASCOM-51, and several C compilers. Every reader can thus find the programming environment most suitable to his or her needs. In the course of the book, the reader gradually develops increased competence in converting his or her ideas into microcontroller circuitry. All of the sample programs can be downloaded from the Elektor Electronics website or the author’s website. That has the added advantage that the latest versions are always available.

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59 Experiments with Arduino IDE and Python The main aim of this book is to teach the Arduino IDE and MicroPython programming languages in ESP32 based projects, using the highly popular ESP32 DevKitC development board. Many simple, basic, and intermediate level projects are provided in the book using the Arduino IDE with ESP32 DevKitC. All projects have been tested and work. Block diagrams, circuit diagrams, and complete program listings of all projects are given with explanations. In addition, several projects are provided for programming the ESP32 DevKitC using MicroPython. The projects provided in this book are designed to teach the following features of the ESP32 processor: GPIOs Touch sensors External interrupts Timer interrupts I²C and I²S SPI PWM ADC DAC UART Hall sensor Temperature sensor Infrared controller Reading and writing to SD card Reading and writing to flash memory RTC timer Chip ID Security and encryption Wi-Fi and network programming Bluetooth BLE programming Communication mobile devices Low power design ESP-IDF programming The projects have been organized with increasing levels of difficulty. Readers are encouraged to tackle the projects in the order given. A specially prepared hardware kit (SKU 18305) is available from Elektor. With the help of this hardware, it should be easy and fun to build the projects in this book.

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Realize your own projects with the Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board The microcontroller is probably the most fascinating subfield of electronics. Due to the multitude of functions, it combines on its chip, it is a universal multi-tool for developers to realize their projects. Practically every device of daily use today is controlled by a microcontroller. However, for an electronic layman, realizing his own ideas with a microcontroller has so far remained a pipe dream due to its complexity. The Arduino concept has largely simplified the use of microcontrollers, so that now even laymen can realize their own electronics ideas with a microcontroller. Book & Hardware in the Bundle: 'Learning by Doing' This book, which is included in the bundle, shows how you can realize your own projects with a microcontroller even without much experience in electronics and programming languages. It is a microcontrollers hands-on course for starters, because after an overview of the internals of the microcontroller and an introduction to the programming language C, the focus of the course is on the practical exercises. The reader acquires the necessary knowledge by 'learning by doing': in the extensive practical section with 12 projects and 46 exercises, what is learned in the front part of the book is underpinned with many examples. The exercises are structured in such a way that the user is given a task to solve using the knowledge built up in the theoretical part of the book. Each exercise is followed by a sample solution that is explained and commented on in detail, which helps the user to solve problems and compare it with his own solution. Arduino IDE The Arduino IDE is a software development environment that can be downloaded for free to your own PC and that contains the entire software package needed for your own microcontroller projects. You write your programs ('apps') with the IDE’s editor in the C programming language. You translate them into the bits and bytes that the microcontroller understands using the Arduino IDE's built-in compiler, and then load them into the microcontroller's memory on the Elektor Arduino MCCAB Nano Training Board via a USB cable. Query or control external sensors, motors or assemblies In addition to an Arduino Nano microcontroller module, the Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board contains all the components required for the exercises, such as light-emitting diodes, switches, pushbuttons, acoustic signal transmitters, etc. External sensors, motors or assemblies can also be queried or controlled with this microcontroller training system. Specifications (Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board) Power Supply Via the USB connection of the connected PC or an external power supply unit (not included) Operating Voltage +5 Vcc Input Voltage All inputs 0 V to +5 V VX1 and VX2 +8 V to +12 V (only when using an external power supply) Hardware periphery LCD 2x16 characters Potentiometer P1 & P2 JP3: selection of operating voltage of P1 & P2 Distributor SV4: Distributor for the operating voltagesSV5, SV6: Distributor for the inputs/outputs of the microcontroller Switches and buttons RESET button on the Arduino Nano module 6x pushbutton switches K1 ... K6 6x slide switches S1 ... S6 JP2: Connection of the switches with the inputs of the microcontroller Buzzer Piezo buzzer Buzzer1 with jumper on JP6 Indicator lights 11 x LED: Status indicator for the inputs/outputs LED L on the Arduino Nano module, connected to GPIO D13 JP6: Connection of LEDs LD10 ... LD20 with GPIOs D2 ... D12 Serial interfacesSPI & I²C JP4: Selection of the signal at pin X of the SPI connector SV12 SV9 to SV12: SPI interface (3.3 V/5 V) or I²C interface Switching output for external devices SV1, SV7: Switching output (maximum +24 V/160 mA, externally supplied) SV2: 2x13 pins for connection of external modules 3x3 LED matrix(9 red LEDs) SV3: Columns of the 3x3 LED matrix (outputs D6 ... D8) JP1: Connection of the rows with the GPIOs D3 ... D5 Software Library MCCABLib Control of hardware components (switches, buttons, LEDs, 3x3 LED matrix, buzzer) on the MCCAB Training Board Operating Temperature Up to +40 °C Dimensions 100 x 100 x 20 mm Specifications (Arduino Nano) Microcontroller ATmega328P Architecture AVR Operating Voltage 5 V Flash Memory 32 KB, of which 2 KB used by bootloader SRAM 2 KB Clock Speed 16 MHz Analog IN Pins 8 EEPROM 1 KB DC Current per I/O Pins 40 mA on one I/O pin, total maximum 200 mA on all pins together Input Voltage 7-12 V Digital I/O Pins 22 (6 of which are PWM) PWM Output 6 Power Consumption 19 mA Dimensions 18 x 45 mm Weight 7 g Included Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board Arduino Nano Book: Microcontrollers Hands-on Course for Arduino Starters

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Complete ESP32 microcontroller learning course featuring a custom-designed MCU expansion board, hands-on projects, and a comprehensive online guide – perfect for learning hardware, programming, and connectivity step by step. A Practical Introduction to Embedded Systems with the ESP32 This course is designed for readers who are new to embedded systems and looking for a structured, example-driven way to get started. If you’ve explored general-purpose electronics or Arduino-based materials but found them too broad or lacking in practical guidance, this course offers a more focused alternative. Using the "ESP32 by Example Kit" (EEK) – a compact and affordable set of components featuring LEDs, sensors, an OLED display, and a motion processor – you’ll work with a consistent hardware setup throughout the course. Once assembled, the EEK stays mostly unchanged, allowing you to concentrate on learning and experimentation without constant reconfiguration. Topics include: Understanding and programming the ESP32 microcontroller Writing and deploying code with the Arduino IDE Exploring cyber-physical systems, culminating in basic drone control No prior experience with Arduino or embedded development is required. Each section features hands-on examples and mini-projects designed to reinforce key concepts and inspire deeper exploration. By the end of the course, you’ll be able not only to reproduce the book’s examples but also to build on them with your own ideas and applications. Whether you're interested in embedded programming, interactive systems, or introductory drone control, this course provides a clear and practical path to getting started. What you'll learn? Embedded programming with the ESP32 using the Arduino IDE Real-time sensor input and control via buttons, LEDs, and displays Gesture-based interaction using the MPU6050 motion sensor Bluetooth gamepad integration and drone control simulation Wi-Fi and UDP networking, local web servers, and NTP MQTT communication with cloud platforms like AWS and Arduino IoT How to build and deploy full-featured IoT systems Perfect for Students and self-learners exploring embedded systems Makers and IoT enthusiasts looking to improve their hardware skills Educators and trainers seeking ready-to-teach material Developers moving beyond Raspberry Pi or Arduino basics Support when you need it Access to instructors via Elektor Academy Helpful community forums and essential documentation What's inside the Box (Course)? New 384-page book: "ESP32 by Example" (valued at €45) Elektor ESP32 by Example Kit (EEK): Microcontroller Extension Board with 6 LEDs and 6 Buttons installed + OLED Display, MPU6050 3-axis Accelerometer and Gyroscope Module (valued at €40) Adafruit HUZZAH32 – ESP32 Feather MCU Board (valued at €30) ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display Board (valued at €25) DHT11 Humidity & Temperature Sensor Breadboard Jumper wires USB-C cable Access to the full course on the Elektor Academy Pro Learning Platform Instructional videos Downloadable Arduino project files for every module Learning Material (of this Box/Course) ▶  Click here to open Module 1 – Getting Started with the ESP32 & EEK Module 2 – Digital Output – LEDs and GPIO Module 3 – Switches and Input Handling Module 4 – EEK and PWM Module 5 – OLED and Display Output Module 6 – Motion Sensing with the MPU6050 Module 7 – Capstone Project (EEK in Action) Module 8 – WiFi and Web Control with ESP32 Module 9 – Cloud Concepts using EEK Module 10 – Hands-on: Arduino IoT Cloud and EEK Module 11 – BlueTooth and EEK GamePad Integration Module 12 – Why Drones? Module 13 – Drone Simulator Concepts Module 14 – Simple Drone Flight Control Module 15 – Real-Time Drone Flight Control Module 16 – Drone Control Mini-Projects Module 17 – Middleware and Python Scripting Module 18 – Python Applications for Drone Control Module 19 – Capstone EEK Control Project and Presentation About the Author Dr. Jim Solderitsch is an educator, software architect, systems developer, and cybersecurity researcher with a focus on cyber-physical systems. He currently serves as an Adjunct Professor in Computing Sciences at Villanova University in Pennsylvania. What is Elektor Academy Pro? Elektor Academy Pro delivers specialized learning solutions designed for professionals, engineering teams, and technical experts in the electronics and embedded systems industry. It enables individuals and organizations to expand their practical knowledge, enhance their skills, and stay ahead of the curve through high-quality resources and hands-on training tools. From real-world projects and expert-led courses to in-depth technical insights, Elektor empowers engineers to tackle today’s electronics and embedded systems challenges. Our educational offerings include Academy Books, Pro Boxes, Webinars, Conferences, and industry-focused B2B magazines – all created with professional development in mind. Whether you're an engineer, R&D specialist, or technical decision-maker, Elektor Academy Pro bridges the gap between theory and practice, helping you master emerging technologies and drive innovation within your organization.

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Practical Low-Cost Methods for Reliable PCB Production This book explains how to carry out reliable SMD assembly using affordable tools and small-scale equipment. It follows the complete workflow step by step, including tool selection, solder paste handling, stencil use, component placement, reflow methods, inspection, and rework. The focus is on bench-level and small-lab production rather than industrial assembly lines. It shows practical methods for building single and double-sided SMD boards with repeatable results. Topics include solder paste and flux, temperature profiles, hot air and hotplate techniques, small reflow ovens, inspection methods, and defect correction. Checklists and example workflows are included to help reduce errors and improve consistency. Key features: Tools and supplies for SMD assembly and rework Solder paste types, storage, and handling Stencils and paste application methods Pick and place workflow and component orientation Temperature profiles and reflow methods Hot air, hotplate, and reflow oven processes Inspection and quality control Common defects such as tombstoning and solder bridges Practical rework and component replacement Bench-level professional workflows and checklists This book is designed as a practical bench reference for anyone who wants to assemble and troubleshoot their own SMD boards with reliable results.

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Over 180 Projects with Raspberry Pi, Pico W, Arduino, and ESP32 This bundle contains the Universal Maker Sensor Kit, which consists of many sensors, actuators, displays, and motors. It’s perfect for environmental monitoring, smart home projects, robotics, and game controllers. The new Elektor book describes the design of many projects using the kit together with the popular Raspberry Pi, Raspberry Pi Pico W, Arduino Uno, and the ESP32 family of development boards. You can choose any of these development boards for your projects and either use the provided programs as they are, or modify these programs to suit your applications. This bundle contains: Book: Universal Maker Sensor Kit (normal price: €45) Universal Maker Sensor Kit for Raspberry Pi, Pico W, Arduino, ESP32 (normal price: €70) Book: Universal Maker Sensor Kit Learn to use more than 35 Sensors and Actuators with C++, Python, and MicroPython This book contains over 180 projects for all four major development boards (Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Pico W, and ESP32). Depending on the development board, projects are available in the C, Python, or MicroPython programming languages. The project titles, brief descriptions, wiring diagrams, and full program listings together with their detailed descriptions are given in the guide. Universal Maker Sensor Kit (for Raspberry Pi, Pico W, Arduino, ESP32) Discover endless creativity with the Universal Maker Sensor Kit, designed for use with Raspberry Pi, Pico W, Arduino, and ESP32. This versatile kit offers compatibility across popular development platforms, including Arduino Uno R4 Minima/WiFi, Uno R3, Mega 2560, Raspberry Pi 5, 4, 3B+, 3B, Zero, Pico W, and ESP32. Featuring over 35 sensors, actuators, and displays, it's perfect for projects ranging from environmental monitoring and smart home automation to robotics and interactive gaming. Step-by-step tutorials in C/C++, Python, and MicroPython guide beginners and experienced makers alike through 169 exciting projects. Features Wide Compatibility: Fully supports Arduino (Uno R3, Uno R4 Minima/WiFi, Mega 2560), Raspberry Pi (5, 4, 3B+, 3B, Zero, Pico W), and ESP32, enabling extensive flexibility across numerous development platforms. Includes instructions for building 169 projects. Comprehensive Components: Features more than 35 sensors, actuators, and display modules suitable for diverse projects such as environmental monitoring, smart home automation, robotics, and interactive game controllers. Detailed Tutorials: Provides clear, step-by-step tutorials covering Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Pico W, ESP32, and each included component. Tutorials are available in C/C++, Python, and MicroPython, catering effectively to both beginners and experienced makers. Suitable for All Skill Levels: Offers structured projects designed to guide users seamlessly from beginner to advanced proficiency in electronics and programming, enhancing creativity and technical expertise. Kit includes Breadboard Button Module Capacitive Soil Moisture Module Flame Sensor Module Gas/Smoke Sensor Module (MQ2) Gyroscope & Accelerometer Module (MPU6050) Hall Sensor Module Infrared Speed Sensor Module IR Obstacle Avoidance Sensor Module Joystick Module PCF8591 ADC DAC Converter Module Photoresistor Module PIR Motion Module (HC-SR501) Potentiometer Module Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor Module (MAX30102) Raindrop Detection Module Real Time Clock Module (DS1302) Rotary Encoder Module Temperature Sensor Module (DS18B20) Temperature and Humidity Sensor Module (DHT11) Temperature, Humidity & Pressure Sensor (BMP280) Time of Flight Micro-LIDAR Distance Sensor (VL53L0X) Touch Sensor Module Ultrasonic Sensor Module (HC-SR04) Vibration Sensor Module (SW-420) Water Level Sensor Module I²C LCD 1602 OLED Display Module (SSD1306) RGB LED Module Traffic Light Module 5 V Relay Module Centrifugal Pump L9110 Motor Driver Module Passive Buzzer Module Servo Motor (SG90) TT Motor ESP8266 Module JDY-31 Bluetooth Module Power Supply Module Documentation Online Tutorial

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Learn how to use the ESP32 Microcontroller and MicroPython programming in your future projects! The project book, written by well-known Elektor author Dogan Ibrahim, holds many software- and hardware-based projects especially developed for the MakePython ESP32 Development Kit. The kit comes with several LEDs, sensors, and actuators. The kit will help you acquire the basic knowledge to create IoT projects. The book’s fully evaluated projects feature all the supplied components. Each project includes a block diagram, a circuit diagram, a full program listing, and a complete program description. Included in the kit 1x MakePython ESP32 development board with LCD 1x Ultrasonic ranging module 1x Temperature and humidity sensor 1x Buzzer module 1x DS18B20 module 1x Infrared module 1x Potentiometer 1x WS2812 module 1x Sound sensor 1x Vibration sensor 1x Photosensitive resistance module 1x Pulse sensor 1x Servo motor 1x USB cable 2x Button 2x Breadboard 45x Jumper wire 10x Resistor 330R 10x LED (Red) 10x LED (Green) 1x Project book (206 pages) 46 Projects in the Book LED Projects Blinking LED Flashing SOS Blinking LED – using a timer Alternately flashing LEDs Button control Changing the LED flashing rate using pushbutton interrupts Chasing-LEDs Binary-counting LEDs Christmas lights (random-flashing 8 LEDs) Electronic dice Lucky day of the week Pulsewidth Modulation (PWM) Projects Generate a 1000-Hz PWM waveform with 50% duty cycle LED brightness control Measuring the frequency and duty cycle of a PWM waveform Melody maker Simple electronic organ Servo motor control Servo motor DS18B20 thermometer Analog To Digital Converter (ADC) Projects Voltmeter Plotting the analog input voltage ESP32 internal temperature sensor Ohmmeter Photosensitive resistance module Digital To Analog Converter (DAC) Projects Generating fixed voltages Generating a sawtooth-wave signal Generating a triangular-wave signal Arbitrary periodic waveform Generating a sinewave signal Generating accurate sinewave signal using timer interrupts Using The OLED Display Seconds counter Event counter DS18B20 OLED based digital thermometer ON-OFF temperature controller Measuring the temperature and humidity Ultrasonic distance measurement Height of a person (stadiometer) Heart rate (pulse) measurement Other Sensors Supplied with the Kit Theft alarm Sound-activated light Infrared obstacle avoidance with buzzer WS2812 RGB LED ring Timestamping temperature and humidity readings Network Programming Wi-Fi scanner Remote control from the Internet browser (using a smartphone or PC) – Web Server Storing temperature and humidity data in the Cloud Low-Power Operation Using a timer to wake up the processor

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In this book the author presents all essential aspects of microcontroller programming, without overloading the reader with unnecessary or quasi-relevant bits of information. Having read the book, you should be able to understand as well as program, 8-bit microcontrollers. The introduction to microcontroller programming is worked out using microcontrollers from the PIC series. Not exactly state-of-the-art with just 8 bits, the PIC micro has the advantage of being easy to comprehend. It is offered in a DIP enclosure, widely available and not overly complex. The entire datasheet of the PIC micro is shorter by decades than the description of the architecture outlining the processor section of an advanced microcontroller. Simplicity has its advantages here. Having mastered the fundamental operation of a microcontroller, you can easily enter into the realms of advanced softcores later. Having placed assembly code as the executive programming language in the foreground in the first part of the book, the author reaches a deeper level with ‘C’ in the second part. Cheerfully alongside the official subject matter, the book presents tips & tricks, interesting measurement technology, practical aspects of microcontroller programming, as well as hands-on options for easier working, debugging and faultfinding.

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Projects with Thonny-IDE, uPyCraft-IDE, and ESP32 The 'Python' programming language has enjoyed an enormous upswing in recent years. Not least, various single-board systems such as the Raspberry Pi have contributed to its popularity. But Python has also found widespread use in other fields, such as artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML). It is obvious, therefore, to use Python or the 'MicroPython' variant for use in SoCs (Systems on Chip) as well. Powerful controllers such as the ESP32 from Espressif Systems offer excellent performance as well as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionality at an affordable price. With these features, the Maker scene has been taken by storm. Compared to other controllers, the ESP32 has a significantly larger flash and SRAM memory, as well as a much higher CPU speed. Due to these characteristics, the chip is not only suitable for classic C applications, but also for programming with MicroPython. This book introduces the application of modern one-chip systems. In addition to the technical background, the focus is on MicroPython itself. After the introduction to the language, the programming skills learned are immediately put into practice. The individual projects are suitable for use in the laboratory as well as for everyday applications. So, in addition to the actual learning effect, the focus is also on the joy of building complete and useful devices. By using laboratory breadboards, circuits of all kinds can be realized with little effort, turning the testing and debugging of the 100% homebrew projects into an instructive pleasure. The various applications, such as weather stations, digital voltmeters, ultrasound range finders, RFID card readers or function generators, make the projects presented ideally suited for practical courses or subject and study work in the natural sciences, or in science and technology classes.

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Architecture, Programming and Applications The MSP430 is a popular family of microcontrollers from Texas Instruments. In this book we will work with the smallest type, which is the powerful MSP430G2553. We will look at the capabilities of this microcontroller in detail, as it is well-suited for self-made projects because it is available in a P-DIP20 package. We will take a closer look at the microcontroller and then build, step by step, some interesting applications, including a 'Hello World' blinking LED and a nice clock application, which can calculate the day of the week based on the date. You also will learn how to create code for the MSP microcontroller in assembler. In addition to that, we will work with the MSP-Arduino IDE, which makes it quite easy to create fast applications without special in-depth knowledge of the microcontrollers. All the code used in the book is available for download from the Elektor website.

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