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Functionality, structure and handling of a power module For readers with first steps in power management the “Abc of Power Modules” contains the basic principles necessary for the selection and use of a power module. The book describes the technical relationships and parameters related to power modules and the basis for calculation and measurement techniques. Contents Basics This chapter describes the need of a DC/DC voltage converter and its basic functionality. Furthermore, various possibilities for realizing a voltage regulator are presented and the essential advantages of a power module are mentioned. Circuit topologies Circuit concepts, buck and boost topologies very frequently used with power modules are explained in detail and further circuit topologies are introduced. Technology, construction and regulation technology The mechanical construction of a power module is presented, which has a significant influence on EMC and thermal performance. Furthermore, control methods are explained and circuit design tips are provided in this chapter. Measuring methods Meaningful measurement results are absolutely necessary to assess a power module. The relevant measurement points and measurement methods are described in this chapter. Handling The aspects of storage and handling of power modules are explained, as well as their manufacturing and soldering processes. Selection of a power modules Important parameters and criteria for the optimal selection of a power module are presented in this section.

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The Siglent SPD4323X is a 4-channel DC Linear Programmable Power Supply equipped with a 4.3-inch TFT-LCD display, friendly human-machine interface, and excellent performance indicators. Real-time waveform display provides engineers with an informative user interface. SPD4323X offers a total output power of 240 W with a resolution of 1 mV/1 mA. The maximum voltage and current for each channel are as follows: CH1: 6 V/3.2 A CH2: 32 V/3.2 A CH3: 32 V/3.2 A CH4: 6 V/3.2 A Features Rated output power: 240 W Rated voltage: 32 V, 12 V, 30 V Up to four high-precision power supplies with independent controllable outputs, supporting CH2 and CH3 series and parallel connections Clear graphical interface with waveform and timer display modes 5-digit voltage and current display with minimum resolution of 1 mV, 1 mA Fast output response time: <50us The high current channel support remote voltage compensation sense function. The maximum compensation voltage is 0.6 V Overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection or safe and accurate operation Equipped with a 4.3-inch TFT-LCD display (480 x 272 resolution) USB and LAN standard communication USB-GPIB module is optional Excellent channel density with up to 4 channels in a 3U half rack package Internal data storage for setups and parameters Embedded Web Server with instrument communication that doesn’t require software installation Fully SCPI programming command set support as well as a LabView driver for remote control and system automation Specifications SPD4323X SPD4121X SPD4306X Channel Output CH1: Voltage 0 to 6 V Current 0 to 3.2 ACH2: Voltage 0 to 32 V Current 0 to 3.2 ACH3: Voltage 0 to 32 V Current 0 to 3.2 ACH4: Voltage 0 to 6 V Current 0 to 3.2 A CH1: Voltage 0 to 15 V Current 0 to 1.5 ACH2: Voltage 0 to 12 V Current 0 to 10 ACH3: Voltage 0 to 12 V Current 0 to 10 ACH4: Voltage 0 to 15 V Current 0 to 1.5 A CH1: Voltage 0 to 15 V Current 0 to 1.5 ACH2: Voltage 0 to 30 V Current 0 to 6 ACH3: Voltage 0 to 30 V Current 0 to 6 ACH4: Voltage 0 to 15 V Current 0 to 1 A Resolution 1 mV, 1 mA 1 mV, 1 mA 1 mV, 1 mA Setting Accuracy Voltage: ±(0.03% of reading+10) mV, Current: ±(0.3% of reading+10) mA Voltage: ±(0.03% of reading+10) mV, Current: ±(0.3% of reading+10) mA Voltage: ±(0.03% of reading+10) mV, Current: ±(0.3% of reading+10) mA Readback Accuracy Voltage: ±(0.03% of reading+10) mV, Current: ±(0.3% of reading+10) mA Voltage: ±(0.03% of reading+10) mV, Current: ±(0.3% of reading+10) mA Voltage: ±(0.03% of reading+10) mV, Current: ±(0.3% of reading+10) mA Display 4.3" TFT-LCD 5-digit voltage and current display 4.3" TFT-LCD 5-digit voltage and current display 4.3" TFT-LCD 5-digit voltage and current display Output power 240 W 285 W 400 W Included 1x Siglent SPD4323X Power Supply 1x Power cord (EU) 1x Output test cord (3 A) 1x USB cable 1x Quick start guide Downloads Datasheet Manual Quick start

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The Weller WT 1013 soldering station set includes the WT 1 supply unit, the WP 80 soldering iron and the WSR 201 safety rest. It is stackable and thus creates more space in the workplace. With an integrated usage sensor, the soldering tool switches off automatically. Specifications Channels 1 Voltage 230 V Power 95 W Display Backlit LCD Temperature range 50 °C - 450 °C Temperature stability ±2 °C Temperature accuracy ±9 °C Fuse 0.5 A Equipotential bonding on WT compatible on ESD-safe on Power cable EMEA Dimensions 149 x 138 x 101 mm Weight (approx.) 1.9 kg

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High-quality soldering station with the most important tools and consumables, ideal for universal soldering applications. Features 1-Channel Power Unit, digital, 70 W Power unit, 1 channel with soldering iron WEP 70 and safety rest PH 70 70W solder iron with ergonomic handle and providing toolless tip change ESD safe station, iron and heat-resistant silicon cable for safe handling Using ET soldering tips Standby mode and auto setback conserves energy, protects equipment Password-protected to preserve settings Specifications Dimensions: 150 x 120 x 98 mm Weight: 1.4 kg Display: Digital LC Display Temperature range: Adjustable from 100°C - 450°C (200°F - 850°F) Voltage: 230 V Channels: 1 Temperature range (depends on tool) °C: 100-450 Temperature range (depends on tool) °F: 200-850 Temperature accuracy °C: Average tip temperature can be „offset“ to +/- 5°C at idle with no load Temperature accuracy °F: Average tip temperature can be „offset“ to +/- 9°F at idle with no load Temperature stability °C: ±6 Temperature stability °F: ±10 Heat-up time (ca) in seconds (50-350°C / 120-660°F): 28 sec. Heating output: 85 W

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SPD3000X Series Linear Programmable DC Power Supply has a 4.3 inches TFT LCD display, Supports Programmability and Real Time Wave Display, bringing a new experience to users. It has three isolated outputs: two adjustable channels and one selectable channel from 2.5V, 3.3V, and 5V. It also has output short and overload protect function, and can be used in production and development. Features 3 independent controlled and isolated output, 32V/3.2A×2, 2.5V/3.3V/5V/3.2A×1, total 220W. 5 digits Voltage, 4 digits Current Display, Minimum Resolution: 1mV/1mA. Supports panel timing output functions. 4.3 inch true color TFT LCD 480x272 pixel display. 3 kinds of output modes: independent, series, parallel. 100V/120V/220V/230V compatible design to meet the needs of different power grids. Intelligent temperature-controlled fan, effectively reducing noise. Clear graphical interface, with the waveform display function Internal 5 groups of system parameter save/recall, supports data storage space expansion. Provides PC software: Easypower, supports SCPI, LabVIEW driver. High-resolution and high-precision output The highest resolution of 1mV/1mA, provides excellent setting and read back accuracy. This ensures accurate output even with very with small changes in voltage or current. This is impossible for a low resolution power supply. Series/parallel/independent mode function Series and parallel function allows two channels combined into one output with more power output capability, extending the application range. Each of 3 channels power can be turned on or off independently and also can be turned all on or all off. Panel displays the timing output Through the panel operation, 5 groups of timing settings and output control can be displayed, which provides users a simple power programming function. Also a connection can be made with Siglent’s EasyPower PC software providing a full range of communication and control requirements. Save/Recall setting parameters SPD3000X series programmable power supply can save or recall 5 groups of setting parameter in internal storage, also supports external storage expansion. You can easily obtain the settings you needed.

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The Seeed Studio RF Explorer 3G Combo is a handheld digital spectrum analyzer and an affordable tool for working across a wide range of popular frequency bands. It is based on a highly integrated frequency synthesizer and a double-balanced mixer, providing high performance, compact dimensions, low power consumption, and excellent value. Designed for both indoor and outdoor use, the RF Explorer 3G Combo can also be connected to a PC via a standard Mini-USB 2.0 connector for additional functionality. This model combines a WSUB1G base unit with an RFEMWSUB3G expansion module, supplied fully assembled and tested. It features two SMA connectors and includes two antennas: a dual-band 144/430 MHz telescopic antenna for sub-GHz frequencies and a helical whip antenna for the 2.4 GHz band. Additional frequency-specific antennas may be required for optimal performance in certain supported frequency ranges. This combination provides the wide frequency coverage of the WSUB3G module together with the high sensitivity and fast response of the WSUB1G unit in the commonly used sub-1 GHz frequency range. Features Pocket size and light weight Solid aluminum metal case Includes a transport EVA carry case for RF Explorer Spectrum Analyzer mode with Peak Max and Hold, Normal, Overwrite and Averaging modes Lifetime free firmware upgrades available, open to community requested features High capacity Lipo for 16+ hours of continuous run, rechargeable by USB Windows PC client Open Source Can be extended with internal Expansion Modules for additional band and functionality Wide band coverage to all popular RF frequencies, starting at 15 MHz and going up to 2.7 GHz. This includes very interesting frequency areas such as 2 m HAM radio, all VHF and UHF, FM radio, GPS, WiFi and WiMax, Bluetooth, etc. Firmware: RF Explorer 3G Combo is delivered with upgraded firmware v1.09. Note some of the features and operation accuracy will be improved in upcoming free firmware revisions. Specifications Battery Lithium Cells / Batteries contained in equipment UN3481 - PI967 Frequency band 15-2700 MHz Frequency span 112 KHz - 600 MHz Graphics LCD 128 x 64 pixels, great visibility outdoors PC Windows client Supports Windows (32 and 64 bits) Backlight For great indoor visibility 2 standard SMA 50 ohms connector, One for Sub-GHz wideband Nagoya NA-773 telescopic antenna included and another 2.4 GHz one for 15-2700 MHz band with helical antenna included. Amplitude resolution 0.5 dBm Dynamic range Left SMA port (WSUB1G) -115 dBm to 0 dBm Right SMA port (WSUB3G) -110 dBm to -10 dBm Absolute Max input power Left SMA port (WSUB1G) +5 dBm Right SMA port (WSUB3G) +30 dBm Average noise level (typical) -110 dBm Frequency stability and accuracy (typical) ±10 ppm Amplitude stability and accuracy (typical) ±6 dBm Frequency resolution 1 KHz Resolution bandwidth (RBW) Automatic 3 KHz to 600 KHz Weight 185 g Dimensions 113 x 70 x 25 mm Included Seeed Studio RF Explorer 3G Combo Spectrum Analyzer Nagoya NA-773 wideband telescopic antenna 2.4 GHz band antenna EVA Case Documentation For more info and to get started with your RF Explorer, visit the start page. For questions and support, please visit https://support.rf-explorer.com

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With the availability of free and open source C/C++ compilers today, you might wonder why someone would be interested in assembler language. What is so compelling about the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)? How does RISC-V differ from existing architectures? And most importantly, how do we gain experience with the RISC-V without a major investment? Is there affordable hardware available? The availability of the Espressif ESP32-C3 chip provides a way to get hands-on experience with RISC-V. The open sourced QEMU emulator adds a 64-bit experience in RISC-V under Linux. These are just two ways for the student and enthusiast alike to explore RISC-V in this book. The projects in this book are boiled down to the barest essentials to keep the assembly language concepts clear and simple. In this manner you will have “aha!” moments rather than puzzling about something difficult. The focus in this book is about learning how to write RISC-V assembly language code without getting bogged down. As you work your way through this tutorial, you’ll build up small demonstration programs to be run and tested. Often the result is some simple printed messages to prove a concept. Once you’ve mastered these basic concepts, you will be well equipped to apply assembly language in larger projects.

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Inhalt Grundlagen Dieses Kapitel vermittelt Basiswissen zu den Zusammenhängen des elektrischen Feldes, der Permittivität sowie Aufbau und Wirkprinzip eines Kondensators. Kenngrössen von Kondensatoren Die elektrischen Parameter und wesentlichsten Kenngrößen eines Kondensators werden dem Leser hier näher erläutert. Dies reicht von der eigentlichen Kapazität eines Kondensators bis hin zum Abhängigkeitsverhalten. Kondensatortypen Es werden existierende Kondensatortypen und deren Eigenschaften vorgestellt. In detaillierter Form werden hierbei Film-, Elektrolyt- und Keramikkondensatoren betrachtet.

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The Siglent SSA3015X Plus spectrum analyzer is a powerful and flexible tool for RF signal and network analysis. With a frequency range of 1.5 GHz, the analyzer delivers reliable automatic measurements and multiple modes of operation: spectrum analyzer the base, optional functions include RF power measurement, vector signal modulation analysis, reflection measurement, and EMI test. Applications include broadcast monitoring/evaluation, site surveying, S-parameter measurement, analog/digital modulation analysis, EMI pre-compliance test, research and development, education, production, and maintenance. Features Spectrum Analyzer Frequency Range from 9 kHz to 1.5 GHz –156 dBm/Hz Displayed Average Noise Level (Typ.) –99 dBc/Hz. @ 10 kHz Offset Phase Noise (1 GHz, Typ.) Level Measurement Uncertainty <1.2 dB (Typ.) 1 Hz Minimum Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) Preamplifier (Std.) Tracking Generator (incl. free of charge) Analog and Digital Signal Modulation Analysis Mode (opt.) Reflection Measurement Kit (opt.) EMI Filter and Quasi-Peak Detector Kit (opt.) Advanced Measurement Kit (opt.) 10.1-inch Multi-Touch Screen , Mouse and Keyboard supported Web Browser Remote Control on PC and Mobile Terminals and File Operation Specifications SSA3015X Plus SSA3021X Plus SSA3032X Plus SSA3075X Plus Frequency Range 9 kHz ~ 1.5 GHz 9 kHz ~ 2.1 GHz 9 kHz ~ 3.2 GHz 9 kHz ~ 7.5 GHz Resolution Bandwidth 1 Hz ~ 1 MHz 1 Hz ~ 1 MHz 1 Hz ~ 1 MHz 1 Hz ~ 3 MHz Phase Noise <–99 dBc/Hz <–98 dBc/Hz <–98 dBc/Hz <–98 dBc/Hz Total Amplitude Accuracy <1.2 dB <0.7 dB <0.7 dB <0.7 dB Display Average Noise Level –156 dBm/Hz –161 dBm/Hz –161 dBm/Hz –165 dBm/Hz Included Siglent SSA3015X Plus spectrum analyzer USB cable Power cord Quick start guide Downloads Datasheet Manual Documentation Firmware

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Dieses Buch beschäftigt sich mit DC-Elektromotoren und deren Einsatz in Arduino und Raspberry Pi Zero W-Projekten. Das Buch enthält zahlreiche Motorsteuerungsprojekte, wobei jedes Projekt denselben Aufbau besitzt: Projekttitel Beschreibung des Projekts Blockschaltbild Schaltplan Zusammenbau Vollständiges Programmlisting Umfassende Erläuterung des Programms Die Projekte im Buch umfassen die Standard-DC-Motoren, Schrittmotoren, Servomotoren und mobile Roboter. Das Buch richtet sich an Elektronik-Bastler, die Projekte mit dem Arduino Uno oder dem Raspberry Pi Zero W entwickeln und dabei Motoren einsetzen möchten. Ein besonders reizvolles Projekt dieses Buches ist die Fernsteuerung eines mobilen Roboters von einem Mobiltelefon aus mit dem Arduino Uno sowie dem Raspberry Pi Zero W. Dieses Projekt wird sowohl über Wi-Fi als auch über Bluetooth mit dem Handy gesteuert. Die Leser sollten in der Lage sein, einen Roboter vorwärts, rückwärts, links oder rechts zu bewegen, indem sie einfache Befehle vom Mobiltelefon aus senden. Die vollständigen Programmlistings aller Projekte sowie die detaillierten Programmbeschreibungen finden Sie im Buch. Der Leser kann die Projekte Schritt für Schritt nachbauen oder sie an die eigenen Bedürfnisse anpassen.

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Temporary Delay in the Delivery of Unitree Robots Like many other suppliers, we are currently experiencing delays in the delivery of Unitree robots. A shipment from our supplier is currently held in customs, which has unfortunately led to later-than-planned deliveries for previously placed orders. We are actively working with our supplier to resolve this issue and expect more clarity soon, but at this time, we cannot provide any guarantees. Additionally, a new shipment is already on its way, though it will take some time to arrive. Since other suppliers are facing similar challenges, switching to a different provider is unlikely to result in a faster solution. Our top priority remains fulfilling existing orders. If you have any questions or would like to update your order, please do not hesitate to contact our customer service team. We will keep you informed of any further developments. Unitree Go2 series consists of quadruped robots for the research & development of autonomous systems in the fields of human-robot interaction (HRI), SLAM & transportation. Due to the four legs, as well as the 12DOF, this robot can handle a variety of different terrains. The Go2 comes with a perfected drive & power management system, which enables a speed (depending on the version) of up to 3.7 m/s or 11.88 km/h with an operating time of up to 4 hours. Furthermore, the motors have a torque of 45 N.m at the body/thighs and at the knees, which also allow jumps or backflips. Features Super Recognition System: 4D LIDAR L1 Max Running Speed: approx. 5 m/s Peak Joint Torque: approx. 45 N.m Wireless Module: WiFi 6/Bluetooth/4G Ultra-long battery Endurance: approx. 2-4 h (long battery life measured in real life) Intelligent Side-follow System: ISS 2.0 Specifications Tracking module: Remote-controlled or automatic tracking Front camera: Image tansmission Resolution 1280x720, FOV 120°, Ultra wide angle lens deliver rich clarity Front lamp: Brightly lights the way ahead 4D LiDAR L1: 360°x90° omnidirectional ultra-wide-angle scanning allows automatic avoidance with small blind spot and stable operation 12 knee joint motors: Strong and powerful, Beautiful and simple, Brandy new visual experience Intercom microphone: Effective communication with no scenario restrictions Self-retracting strap: Easy to carry and load things More stable, more powerful with advanced devices: 3D LiDAR, 4G ESIM Card, WiFi 6 with Dual-band, Bluetooth 5.2 for stable connection and remote control Powerful Computing Core: Motion controller, High-performance ARM processor, Improved Al algorithm processor, External ORIN NX/NANO Smart battery: Standard 8000 mAh battery, Long-endurance 15000 mAh battery, Protection from over-temp, overcharge and short-circuit Speaker for music play: Listen to music as your pleasure Unitree Go2 Variants The Go2 impresses not only with its technical capabilities, but also with a modern and slim design that gives it a futuristic look and makes it a real eye-catcher. The Go2 Air is specially designed for demos and presentations. With its basic features, it offers a solid basis for demonstrating the movement capabilities and functionality of a four-legged robot. Important: The Go2 Air is delivered without a controller. This can be purchased optionally. With a powerful 8-core high-performance CPU, the Pro and Edu offer impressive computing power required for complex tasks and demanding calculations. This enables faster and more efficient data processing and makes the Pro and Edu a reliable partner for your projects. From the Edu version onwards, the Go2 is programmable and opens up endless possibilities for developing and researching your own robotics applications. The Go2 is also able to handle a step height of up to 14 cm. This makes it an ideal tool for research, education and entry into the world of robotics. The Go2 Edu comes with a remote controller that gives you easy and intuitive control. You also get a docking station with impressive computing power of 100 TOPS, which is equipped with powerful AI algorithms and offers you technical support. Go2 Edu is equipped with a powerful 15000 mAh battery that gives it an impressive runtime of up to 4 hours. This long operating time allows the robot to carry out longer exploration missions and complete demanding tasks. Model Comparison Air Pro Edu/Edu Plus Dimensions (standing) 70 x 31 x 40 cm 70 x 31 x 40 cm 70 x 31 x 40 cm Dimensions (crouching) 76 x 31 x 20 cm 76 x 31 x 20 cm 76 x 31 x 20 cm Material Aluminium alloy + High strength engineering plastic Aluminium alloy + High strength engineering plastic Aluminium alloy + High strength engineering plastic Weight (with battery) about 15 kg about 15 kg about 15 kg Voltage 28~33.6 V 28~33.6 V 28~33.6 V Peaking capacity about 3000 W about 3000 W about 3000 W Payload ≈7 kg (MAX ~ 10 kg) ≈8 kg (MAX ~ 10 kg) ≈8 kg (MAX ~ 12 kg) Speed 0~2.5 m/s 0~3.5 m/s 0~3.7 m/s (MAX ~ 5 m/s) Max Climb Drop Height about 15 cm about 16 cm about 16 cm Max Climb Angle 30° 40° 40° Basic Computing Power N/A 8-core High-performance CPU 8-core High-performance CPU Aluminum knee joint motor 12 set 12 set 12 set Intra-joint circuit (knee) ✓ ✓ ✓ Joint Heat Pipe Cooler ✓ ✓ ✓ Range of Motion Body: −48~48° Body: −48~48° Body: −48~48° Thigh: −200°~90° Thigh: −200°~90° Thigh: −200°~90° Shank: −156°~−48° Shank: −156°~−48° Shank: −156°~−48° Max Torque N/A about 45 N.m about 45 N.m Super-wide-angle 3D LiDAR ✓ ✓ ✓ Wireless Vector Positioning Tracking Module N/A ✓ ✓ HD Wide-angle Camera ✓ ✓ ✓ Foot-end force sensor N/A N/A ✓ Basic Action ✓ ✓ ✓ Auto-scaling strap N/A ✓ N/A Upgraded Intelligent OTA ✓ ✓ ✓ RTT 2.0 Image Transmission ✓ ✓ ✓ App Basic Remote Control ✓ ✓ ✓ App Data Viewing ✓ ✓ ✓ App Graphical Programme ✓ ✓ ✓ Front Lamp (3 W) ✓ ✓ ✓ WiFi 6 with Dual-band ✓ ✓ ✓ Bluetooth 5.2/4.2/2.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4G Module N/A CN/GB CN/GB Voice Function N/A ✓ ✓ Music Playback N/A ✓ ✓ ISS 2.0 Intelligent side-follow system N/A ✓ ✓ Intelligent detection and avoidance ✓ ✓ ✓ Secondary development N/A N/A ✓ Manual controller Optional Optional ✓ High computing power module N/A N/A Edu: 40 TOPS computing power Edu Plus: 100 TOPS computing power NVIDIA Jetson Orin (optional) Smart Battery Standard (8000 mAh) Standard (8000 mAh) Long endurance (15000 mAh) Battery Life 1-2 h 1-2 h 2-4 h Charger Standard (33.6 V, 3.5 A) Standard (33.6 V, 3.5 A) Fast charge (33.6 V, 9 A) Included 1x Unitree Go2 Edu Plus 1x Unitree Go2 Remote Controller 1x Unitree Go2 Battery (15000 mAh) 1x Unitree Docking station with 100 TOPS computing power Downloads Documentation iOS/Android apps GitHub

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The FNIRSI FNB58 USB tester (with Bluetooth) is a comprehensive and very accurate USB voltage and current meter. It features a 2.0-inch full-color HD TFT display, built-in USB-A, micro USB and USB-C interface. With this device you can measure the power supply or power consumption of products or the charging power of cell phones and power supplies. You can also determine the fast charging protocol of chargers. Features USB-A and USB-C interface 2.0" HD display Data at a glance Wide compatibility Ultra-precise data detection Play with fast charging technology Automatic protocol detection (PD2.0, 3.0, 3.1, PPS, QC2.0, 3.0, FCP, SCP, AFC, PE, DASH VOOC, SuperVOOC and more) Simple user interface, easy to operate 4 function curve displays (real-time voltage and current curve, offline curve recording, D+/D- voltage curve, high-speed power supply ripple measurement) Cable detection 10 groups of energy recording battery capacity calculation PC connectivity for data logging and firmware updates Bluetooth app for Android devices Specifications Voltage range 4-28 V Current range 0-7 A Power range 0-120 W Load equivalent internal resistance 0-9999.9 Ω D+/D- voltage 0-3.3 V Capacity 0-9999.99 Ah Power consumption 0-9999.99 Wh Cable resistance 0-9999.9 Ω Interfaces micro USB, USB-A, USB-C Dimensions 42 x 13 x 82 mm Downloads Manual Firmware V0.68

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