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The author Stephan Menzel provides an introduction into capacitor technology and describes the wide range of capacitor types with their properties and parameters. Basic principles This chapter imparts basic knowledge on the relationships between the electric field, permittivity, as well as the structure and operating principles of a capacitor. Capacitor characteristics The electrical parameters and essential characteristics of a capacitor are explained in greater detail for the reader. This extends from the actual capacitance of a capacitor through to the interdependencies. Capacitor types Existing capacitor types and their characteristics are presented. Film, electrolyte and ceramic capacitors are considered in detail.

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Er zijn niet zoveel boeken te vinden over het ontwerpen en bouwen van zenders met een klein uitgangsvermogen. Dit boek beschrijft nauwkeurig de werking en bouw van maar liefst twintig audio- en videozender(tje)s. Daarmee biedt het aan de amateur-elektronicus, technicus, zendamateur en andere radio-enthousiasten het noodzakelijke materiaal om zich verder te bekwamen op dit gebied. Er wordt slechts weinig aandacht besteed aan de theorie, maar dat heeft een groot voordeel: ruim 300 pagina’s vol praktijk. De zenders, sommige eenvoudig, andere meer gecompliceerd, werden speciaal ontworpen voor het gebruik door amateurs. Ze werken tussen 150 kHz en 1300 MHz. De gebruikte techniek dateert vooral uit de jaren 90. Dit mag op het eerste gezicht een tekortkoming lijken, maar het is juist een extra argument voor publicatie. De technieken hebben zich inmiddels bewezen en er worden eenvoudige, goedkope en nog steeds goed verkrijgbare onderdelen gebruikt. Dit boek richt zich dus in de eerste plaats tot de potentiële gebruiker van HF-technieken, die er niet voor terugschrikt om dit soort schakelingen in elkaar te zetten. De schakelingen zijn probleemloos na te bouwen (nog een voordeel van zich bewezen technieken). Om dat te bereiken hebben de auteurs veel aandacht besteed aan: de testprocedures voor elke schakeling, de onderdelenlijst, instructies voor het vervaardigen van de spoelen en voor de afregeling. Bij de meeste schakelingen is bovendien een printontwerp afgedrukt. Naast zenders voor o.a. FM-stereo, AM, VHF-FM-amateur, R/C-TV, 40-m-CW-zender, 10-m-SSB, 2-m-NBFM, FM-video-link en amateur-TV vindt u in dit boek ook verwante schakelingen, zoals een down-converter voor 400, 900 en 1300 MHz en een HF-vermogensmeter.

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The OWON XDM1041 is a fast, high-precision digital True RMS benchtop multimeter with a high-resolution 3.5-inch LCD and 50,000 counts. Its DC voltage accuracy is up to 0.05% and it can measure up to 65 values per second. Features 3.5“ high-resolution LCD (480x320 pixels) 55000 counts, DC voltage accuracy up to 0.05% Up to 65 readings per second Dual line display supported Trend analysis accessible in chart mode AC True RMS measurements (bandwidth: 20 Hz – 1 kHz) SCPI support: Remote control the multimeter through PC software via USB port Data record function, you can record the measured data into internal memory, and then read and process the recorded data with your computer. Specifications Measurement Range Resolution Accuracy DC Voltage 50.000 mV 0.001 mV 0.1% +10 500.00 mV 0.01 mV 0.05% +5 5.0000 V 0.0001 V 0.05% +5 50.000 V 0.001 V 0.05% +5 500.00 V 0.01 V 0.1% +5 1000.0 V 0.1 V 0.1% +10 AC Voltage 500 mV～750 V 20 Hz～45 Hz 1% +30 45 Hz～65 Hz 0.5% +30 65 Hz～1 KHz 0.7% +30 DC Current 500 uA 0.01 uA 0.15% +20 5000 uA 0.1 uA 0.15% +10 50 mA 0.001 mA 0.15% +20 500 mA 0.01 mA 0.15% +10 5 A 0.0001 A 0.5% +10 10 A 0.001 A 0.5% +10 AC Current 500 uA～500 mA 20 Hz～1 KHz 0.5% +20 5 A-10 A 1.5% +20 Resistance 500 Ω 0.01 Ω 0.15% +10 5 KΩ 0.0001 KΩ 0.15% +5 50 KΩ 0.001 KΩ 0.15% +5 500 KΩ 0.01 KΩ 0.15% +5 5 MΩ 0.0001 MΩ 0.3% +5 50 MΩ 0.001 MΩ 1% +10 Frequency 10.000 Hz～60 MHz / ±(0.2% +10) Capacitance 50 nF～500 uF / 2.5% +10 5 mF～50 mF 5% +10 Diode 3.0000 V 0.0001 V / Continuity 1000 Ω 0.1 Ω Adjustable threshold Temperature K type, PT100 Max Display 55,000 counts Data-logging Function Logging Duration 15ms～9999.999s Logging Length 1,000 points Display 3.5“ TFT LCD (480x320 pixels) Power supply 230 V AC mains voltage Dimensions 200 x 88 x 150 mm Weight approx. 0.5 kg Included 1x OWON XDM1041 Multimeter 1x Power cord 2x Test leads 1x Fuse 1x USB cable 1x Manual Downloads Programming Manual PC Software

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En moins de 100 lignes de code par projet avec les cartes Feather Sense et Clue Express d'Adafruit Le langage de programmation Python est apprécié par les pédagogues parce que sa syntaxe le rend facile à comprendre. Il s'est également imposé chez les informaticiens expérimentés. La société Adafruit a développé une version spéciale de Python pour l'embarquer sur les microcontrôleurs à 32 bits : CircuitPython. Ce livre permettra au lecteur de s'initier à la programmation en CircuitPython sur deux cartes : Feather BlueFruit Sense (également appelée Feather nRF52840 Sense) et CLUE nRF52840 Express. Chacune est animée par le SoC nRF52840 de NORDIC avec une architecture à 32 bits. Pour ce voyage dans le monde de la programmation embarquée, l'auteur sort du chemin classique, à savoir un cours complet sur la programmation orientée objet appliquée à ce langage. Il préfère emmener le lecteur directement sur le terrain avec des projets qui mettent en oeuvre les cartes et différents périphériques. Plus d'une quarantaine d'exemples et de montages permettent de découvrir la richesse de CircuitPython. Toutefois l'auteur s'est imposé une limite pour ne pas décourager les novices : le code de chaque projet ne dépasse jamais la centaine de lignes. Pour ce qui est du matériel, là aussi la simplicité domine : aucun programmateur, un simple PC suffit ; aucun soudage grâce au câblage sur platine d'essai. Les cartes d'extension FeatherWing à enficher sur la Feather nRF52840 Sense permettent de démultiplier ses fonctions : matrice de LED, enregistreur de données, écran à encre électronique, écran OLED, écran TFT, commande de moteurs, audio, relais… Toutes les étapes (assemblage des différents composants, installation des bibliothèques requises, programmation, tests…) sont expliquées en détail. Le code des différents exemples et projets est disponible sur Github. Le résultat de chaque projet est même présenté sur de courtes vidéos disponibles sur YouTube. À la fin de sa lecture, le nouveau Pythonien pourra facilement approfondir les notions abordées et donner vie à ses propres projets grâce aux outils qu'il aura essayés. Ce livre s'adresse aux lycéens et étudiants ainsi qu'à toute la communauté des makers. Chaîne YouTube de l'auteur : YouTube (Michaël Bottin)

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Design Guide for EMI Filter Design, SMPS & RF Circuits The book focuses on the selection of components, circuitry and layout recommendations for a wide array of magnetics components, always keeping in mind an EMC point of view. Contents Basic principles The most important laws and foundations of inductive components, equivalent circuit diagrams and simulation models give the reader a basic knowledge of electronics. Components This chapter introduces inductive components and their special properties and areas of use. All relevant components are explained, from EMC components and inductors to transformers, RF components, circuit protection components, shielding materials and capacitors. Applications In this chapter, the reader will find a comprehensive overview of the principle of filter circuits, circuitry and numerous industrial applications that are explained in detail based on original examples.

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Clever Tricks with ATmega328 Pro Mini Boards With a simple Pro Mini board and a few other components, projects that 20 or 30 years ago were unthinkable (or would have cost a small fortune) are realized easily and affordably in this book: From simple LED effects to a full battery charging and testing station that will put a rechargeable through its paces, there’s something for everyone. All the projects are based on the ATmega328 microcontroller, which offers endless measuring, switching, and control options with its 20 input and output lines. For example, with a 7-segment display and a few resistors, you can build a voltmeter or an NTC-based thermometer. The Arduino platform offers the perfect development environment for programming this range of boards. Besides these very practical projects, the book also provides the necessary knowledge for you to create projects based on your own ideas. How to measure, and what? Which transistor is suitable for switching a certain load? When is it better to use an IC? How do you switch mains voltage? Even LilyPad-based battery-operated projects are discussed in detail, as well as many different motors, from simple DC motors to stepper motors. Sensors are another exciting topic: For example, a simple infrared receiver that can give disused remote controls a new lease on life controlling your home, and a tiny component that can actually measure the difference in air pressure between floor and table height!

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The OWON XDM2041 is a low-cost, high-precision benchtop multimeter. The meter has a True RMS function to measure the AC voltage and current and it has a reading speed of up to 65 values per second. Also, the XDM2041 is equipped with functions such as measuring 2-wire and 4-wire resistance. The XDM2041 is able to store data internally in the memory of the meter and display it on the 3.7" high-resolution LCD display. Up to 1000 points can be stored and the time interval can be varied from 15ms to 9999s. By means of the RS232 port on the back of the device, the meter can be programmed and controlled via SCPI. Specifications Measurement Range Resolution Accuracy ±(% of reading + LSB) DC Voltage 50.000mV 0.001mV 0.1%+10 500.00mV 0.01mV 0.025%+5 5.0000V 0.0001V 0.025%+5 50.000V 0.001V 0.03%+5 500.00V 0.01V 0.1%+5 1000.0V 0.1V 0.1%+5 AC Voltage 500mv-750v 20Hz~45Hz 1%+30 45Hz~65Hz 0.5%+30 65Hz~1KHz 0.7%+30 DC Current 500uA 0.01uA 0.15%+20 5000uA 0.1uA 0.15%+10 50mA 0.001mA 0.15%+20 500mA 0.01mA 0.15%+10 5A 0.0001A 0.5%+10 10A 0.001A 0.5%+10 AC Current 500uA-500mA 20 Hz-1 kHz 0.5%+20 5A-10A 1.5%+20 Resistance 500Ω 0.01Ω 0.1%+10 5KΩ 0.0001KΩ 0.1%+5 50KΩ 0.001KΩ 0.1%+5 500KΩ 0.01KΩ 0.1%+5 5MΩ 0.0001MΩ 0.25%+5 50MΩ 0.001MΩ 0.1%+10 Four-wire resistance 500Ω 0.01Ω 0.1%+10 5KΩ 0.0001KΩ 0.1%+5 50KΩ 0.001KΩ 0.1%+5   Measurement Range Resolution Accuracy ±(% of reading + % of range) Frequency 10.000Hz-60MHz / ±(0.2%+8) Capacitance 50nF-500uF / 2.5%+5 5mF-50mF 5%+8 Diode 3.0000 V 0.0001V / Continuity 1000 Ω 0.1Ω / Temperature K type，PT100 Display 55,000 Data-logging Function Logging Duration 15ms-9999s Logging Length 1,000 points Included 1x OWON XDM2041 Multimeter 2x Multimeter leads 2x Alligator clips 1x Fuse 1x Manual Downloads User manual Programming manual PC software

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The SQ series of handsfree PCBite probes from Sensepeek are insulated, come with included color-coded cable holders and have a lower point of gravity making them even more stable compared with the original SP series of probes. All the loved features of handsfree measurement, exchangeable fine pitch spring tipped test needle and the minimalistic design is maintained to make traditional sized and handheld probes obsolete. Features All handsfree probes from Sensepeek makes instant measurements or long triggering sessions a breeze. No more soldering wires to connect your probe or complicated tools to setup, just positioning the probe needle on any test point or component in the signal path and release. Saves time and frustration during development, verification and repairs. The minimalist design and the spring-loaded test needle makes it possible to simultaneously measure on fine pitch components and nearby signals. Both length and weight of the SQ probes are perfectly balanced to be used with the included PCB holders and base plate which is a must for handsfree function. The probe holder comes with a powerful magnet in the base, as for all PCBite probes and holders which makes the probe easy to place and reposition. The SQ series of probes can be used handheld without the probe holder as they have an insulated grip but their full potential is used when measuring handsfree. One side of the included baseplate is matte and the other is mirror polished. The mirror polished surface makes it easy to see components on the circuit board underside. For added protection during measurement the included insulation cover can be mounted on one of the surfaces. Included 4x PCBite PCB holders 1x Set of yellow insulation washers for the PCB holders 1x Large Base plate (A4) 1x Insulation cover for the base plate (A4) 1x Micro fiber cloth 4x SQ10 probes and pin tipped test needles (black) 2x Banana to dupont test wires (red/black) 5x Dupont to dupont test wires 1x Set of cable holders (4 colors) 4x Extra test needles Downloads User guide (PCBite kit) User guide (SQ10 probes)

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Raspberry Pi 5 provides two four-lane MIPI connectors, each of which can support either a camera or a display. These connectors use the same 22-way, 0.5 mm-pitch “mini” FPC format as the Compute Module Development Kit, and require adapter cables to connect to the 15-way, 1 mm-pitch “standard” format connectors on current Raspbery Pi camera and display products.These mini-to-standard adapter cables for cameras and displays (note that a camera cable should not be used with a display, and vice versa) are available in 200 mm, 300 mm and 500 mm lengths.

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The FNIRSI DPS150 is a high-performance adjustable DC power supply that features a USB-C input interface and multiple power supply modes, allowing precise adjustment of output voltage (0-30 V) and current (0-5 A). It provides efficient, low-consumption, and stable output, equipped with multiple safety protection functions including overvoltage, overcurrent, overload, overheating, and reverse connection. It can be flexibly applied to serial connection of multiple devices, with rich and user-friendly display and operation, compact and portable design, meeting various application needs. Features 30 V, 5 A, 150 W variable DC power with 0.01 V, 0.001 A precision, CC/CV modes, and <20 mV ripple to protect sensitive electronics. Supports PC, QC, and DC inputs with programmable outputs and 6 preset voltage/current settings. Compatible with 4 mm banana plugs, U-shaped terminals, and copper wires for various equipment. 8 safety mechanisms including overvoltage, current, short circuit, and overheating protection. 2.8-inch HD IPS screen with 90° flip, numerical and curve displays for easy monitoring. Small, space-saving design for use in labs, repairs, and DIY projects. Specifications Input Voltage 5~32 V DC Input Current 100 mA-5 A Output Voltage 0-30 V Output Current 0~5 A Output Power 0-150 W Input Way PD fast charger QC fast charger Power bank DC power adapters Operating Environment 0-40°C Load Regulation 0.49% Full Load Efficiency 96.30% Display 2.8 inch (320 x 240) Dimensions 106 x 76 x 28 mm Weight 178 g Included 1x DPS150 Power Supply 2x Alligator clip wires (black & red) 1x Micro USB cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware V0.0.1

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Nahezu alle Menschen werden zunehmend mit den Anwendungen der „Künstlichen Intelligenz“ (KI oder AI für engl. Artificial Intelligence) konfrontiert. Musik- oder Videoempfehlungen, Navigationssysteme, Einkaufsvorschläge etc. basieren auf Verfahren, die diesem Bereich zugeordnet werden können. Der Begriff „Künstliche Intelligenz“ wurde 1956 auf einer internationalen Konferenz, dem Dartmouth Summer Research Project geprägt. Eine grundlegende Idee war dabei, die Funktionsweise des menschlichen Gehirns zu modellieren und darauf basierend fortschrittliche Computersysteme zu konstruieren. Bald sollte klar sein, wie der menschliche Verstand funktioniert. Die Übertragung auf eine Maschine wurde nur noch als ein kleiner Schritt angesehen. Diese Vorstellung erwies sich als etwas zu optimistisch. Dennoch sind die Fortschritte der modernen KI, beziehungsweise ihrem Teilgebiet dem sogenannten „Machine Learning“, nicht mehr zu übersehen. Um die Methoden des Machine Learnings näher kennenzulernen, sollen in diesem Buch mehrere verschiedene Systeme zum Einsatz kommen. Neben dem PC werden sowohl der Raspberry Pi als auch der „Maixduino“ in den einzelnen Projekten ihre Fähigkeiten beweisen. Zusätzlich zu Anwendungen wie Objekt- und Gesichtserkennung entstehen dabei auch praktisch einsetzbare Systeme wie etwa Flaschendetektoren, Personenzähler oder ein „Sprechendes Auge“. Letzteres ist in der Lage, automatisch erkannte Objekte oder Gesichter akustisch zu beschreiben. Befindet sich beispielsweise ein Fahrzeug im Sichtfeld der angeschlossenen Kamera, so wird die Information „I see a car!“ über elektronisch erzeugte Sprache ausgegeben. Derartige Geräte sind hochinteressante Beispiele dafür, wie etwa auch blinde oder stark sehbehinderte Menschen von KI-Systemen profitieren können.

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Functionality, structure and handling of a power module For readers with first steps in power management the “Abc of Power Modules” contains the basic principles necessary for the selection and use of a power module. The book describes the technical relationships and parameters related to power modules and the basis for calculation and measurement techniques. Contents Basics This chapter describes the need of a DC/DC voltage converter and its basic functionality. Furthermore, various possibilities for realizing a voltage regulator are presented and the essential advantages of a power module are mentioned. Circuit topologies Circuit concepts, buck and boost topologies very frequently used with power modules are explained in detail and further circuit topologies are introduced. Technology, construction and regulation technology The mechanical construction of a power module is presented, which has a significant influence on EMC and thermal performance. Furthermore, control methods are explained and circuit design tips are provided in this chapter. Measuring methods Meaningful measurement results are absolutely necessary to assess a power module. The relevant measurement points and measurement methods are described in this chapter. Handling The aspects of storage and handling of power modules are explained, as well as their manufacturing and soldering processes. Selection of a power modules Important parameters and criteria for the optimal selection of a power module are presented in this section.

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