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Dieses Buch nimmt Sie mit auf eine Entdeckungsreise in die Welt der digitalen Elektronik. Nach dem Aufbau einer soliden Wissensbasis hierüber verlagert sich der Schwerpunkt zur programmierbaren Logik. Wie lassen sich mit vorhandenen Bausteinen logische Systeme aufbauen und wie koppelt man sie sicher und störungsfrei an die analoge Außenwelt? Das sind Fragen, die das Buch beantwortet. Moderne logische Systeme sind so komplex, dass deren Aufbau mit separaten Bauelementen wie einzelnen Gattern, Flipflops, Zählern oder Teilern eine fast unmögliche Aufgabe ist. Deshalb beschäftigt sich das Buch in der zweiten Hälfte mit der programmierbaren Logik in Form von FPGA- und CPLD-ICs. Sie lernen Methoden kennen, die als Brücke zwischen dem klassischen Design und der zeitgemäßen Entwicklung mit FPGA fungieren. Neben dem schematischen FPGA-Entwurf setzt sich das Buch auch mit Sprachen wie Verilog und VHDL auseinander. Das abschließende Projekt, eine Uhr mit Alarmfunktion in Verilog und VHDL, zeigt den praktischen Nutzen der programmierbaren Logik. Neben den erforderlichen Programmierkenntnissen ist auch der praktische Schaltungsaufbau von Bedeutung. Der Autor erläutert die wesentlichen Bedingungen hierfür, beispielsweise die der erforderlichen Stromversorgung und der optimalen (Analog-)Signalverarbeitung. Alle in diesem Buch besprochenen Beispiele lassen sich mit der kostenfreien FPGA-Entwicklungsumgebung Quartus von Altera realisieren.

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in 10 captivating lessons Using the lessons in this book you learn how to program a microcontroller. You’ll be using JAL, a free but extremely powerful programming language for PIC microcontrollers, which enjoys great popularity in the hobby world. Starting out from scratch virtually, you slowly build up the knowledge. No previous knowledge is needed: anyone can get started with this book. Assuming you have absorbed all lessons – meaning you have actually completed all the exercises – you should be confident to write PIC microcontroller programs, as well as read and understand programs written by other people. JAL commands You learn the function of JAL commands such as include, pin, delay, forever loop, while loop, case, exit loop, repeat until, if then, as well as the use of functions, procedures and timer- and port interrupts. JAL programs You make an LED blink, build a time switch, measure a potentiometer’s wiper position, produce sounds, suppress contact bounce, and control the brightness of an LED. And of course you learn to debug, meaning: how to spot and fix errors in your programs. Hardware You learn to recognize various components including the PIC microcontroller, potentiometer and quartz crystal, and how to wire up a PIC microcontroller and effectively link it to your PC. A breadboard is used for the purpose, allowing you to easily modify the component arrangement for further experimenting. The companion software with this book can be downloaded free of charge, including the JAL programming language. In addition, you may order a kit of parts so you don’t have to go shopping for the required components. Especially for a beginner, this is the easiest way to start with this unique pastime. Having finished this book does not mean you are through with your pastime. You can get your hands dirty again, and if desired use other books packed with fun projects using the JAL programming language. More information may be found at the end of the lessons in the chapter "Done! What’s next?""

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The OWON XSA815-TG (9 kHz-1.5 GHz) is a cost effective spectrum analyzer with tracking generator included and a frequency resolutions of 1 Hz. Features Frequency Range from 9 kHz to 1.500009 GHz 9-inch display 9 kHz to 1 MHz -95 dBm Displayed Average Noise Level, 1 MHz to 500 MHz 140 dBm (Typical), <-130 dBm Phase Noise -10 kHz <-80 dBc/Hz 100 kHz <-100 dBc/Hz 1 MHz <-115 dBc/Hz Resolution Bandwidth (-3 dB): 1 Hz to 1 MHz, in 1-3-5-10 sequence Tracking Generator Kit: 100 kHz to 1.500009 GHz Specifications Frequency Range 9 kHz to 500.009 MHz Frequency Resolution 1 Hz Frequency Span 9 kHz to 1.500009 GHz Span Range 0 Hz, 100 Hz to max frequency of instrument Span Uncertainty ±span / (sweep points-1) SSB Phase Noise (20°C to 30°C, fc=1 GHz) Carrier Offset 10 kHz <-80 dBc/Hz | 100 kHz <-100 dBc/Hz | 1 MHz <-115 dBc/Hz Resolution Bandwidth (-3 dB) 1 Hz to 1 MHz, in 1-3-5-10 sequence RBW Accuracy <5% typical Resolution Filter Shape Factor (60 dB: 3 dB) <5 typical Video Bandwidth (-3 dB) 10 Hz to 1 MHz, in 1-3-5-10 sequence Amplitude measurement range DANL to +10 dBm, 100 kHz to 10 MHz, Preamp Off DANL to +20 dBm, 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz, Preamp Off Reference Level -80 dBm to +30 dBm, 0.01dB by step Preamp 20 dB, nominal, 100 kHz to 1.5 GHz Input Attenuator 0 to 40 dB, 1 dB by step Display Average Noise Level Input attenuation = 0 dB, RBW = VBW = 100 Hz, sample detector, trace average ≥ 50, 20°C to 30°C, input impedance = 50 Ω) Preamp Off 9 kHz to 1 MHz -95 dBm (Typical), <-88 dBm Preamp Off 1 MHz to 500 MHz -140 dBm (Typical), <-130 dBm Preamp On 100 kHz to 1 MHz -135 dBm (Typical), <-128 dBm Preamp On 1 MHz to 500 MHz -160 dBm (Typical),<-150 dBm Tracking Generator (optional) Frequency Range 100 kHz to 1.500009 GHz Output power level range -40 dBm to 0 dBm Output level resolution 1 dB Output flatness Relative to 50 MHz | ±3 dB Tracking generator spurious Harmonic spurious -30 dBc (Tracking generator output power -10 dBm) Non-harmonic spurious -40 dBc (Tracking generator output power -10 dBm) Tracking generator to input terminal isolation -60 dB (Tracking generator output power 0 dBm) Tracking generator to input terminal isolation -60 dB (Tracking generator output power 0 dBm) Tracking generator to input terminal isolation -60 dB (Tracking generator output power 0 dBm) Dimensions 375 x 185 x 120 mm Weight 3.7 kg Included 1x XSA815-TG 1x 220 V AC power cord 1x USB Cable 1x Quickstart guide Downloads Quick Guide Specifications

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"Wie kann ich die klanglichen Eigenschaften meiner Lautsprecherboxen optimieren? Wie sind sie im Raum aufzustellen, damit die Wiedergabe akustisch voll zur Geltung kommt?" Das sind Fragen, die Sie sich sicherlich auch schon gestellt haben, ohne eine befriedigende Antwort zu erhalten. Das Buch räumt mit allen Ungereimtheiten auf, die durch widersprüchliche Aussagen von Handel und Werbung entstehen. Es beginnt mit den Problemen der (Raum)Akustik wie Aufstellung der Boxen, Frequenzgang, Baßwiedergabe und Richtcharakteristik. Es folgt der Aufbau und die Wirkungsweise von Lautsprecherchassis. Das ist nicht nur eine Auflistung bestehender Systeme, sondern auch eine klare Gegenüberstellung deren Vor- und Nachteile. Nicht zu kurz kommt die Theorie dynamischer Lautsprecher. Dazu gehören: Übertragungsfunktion, Impedanz, Filter, Hoch-, Band- und Tiefpaß, Frequenzweichen usw. Es folgen Überlegungen zu Baßreflex- und geschlossenen Lautsprecherboxen. Außerdem bietet Ihnen das Buch die Möglichkeit, Lautsprecherboxen sowie die mechanischen Parameter einzelner Chassis elektronisch zu beeinflussen. Schließlich gibt es noch Hinweise und Tips für Messungen an Chassis und Boxen. Ob Sie nun industriell gefertigte Boxen oder selbstgebaute aufstellen wollen: Mit dem Buch können Sie Ihre Boxen an Ihren Verstärker in Ihrem Hörraum optimal anpassen.

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Multitasking and multiprocessing have become a very important topic in microcontroller-based systems, namely in complex commercial, domestic, and industrial automation applications. As the complexity of projects grows, more functionalities are demanded from the projects. Such projects require the use of multiple inter-related tasks running on the same system and sharing the available resources, such as the CPU, memory, and input-output ports. As a result of this, the importance of multitasking operations in microcontroller-based applications has grown steadily over the last few years. Many complex automation projects now make use of some form of a multitasking kernel. This book is project-based and its main aim is to teach the basic features of multitasking using the Python 3 programming language on Raspberry Pi. Many fully tested projects are provided in the book using the multitasking modules of Python. Each project is described fully and in detail. Complete program listings are given for each project. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their own needs. The following Python multitasking modules have been described and used in the projects: Fork Thread Threading Subprocess Multiprocessing The book includes simple multitasking projects such as independently controlling multiple LEDs, to more complex multitasking projects such as on/off temperature control, traffic lights control, 2-digit, and 4-digit 7-segment LED event counter, reaction timer, stepper motor control, keypad based projects, car park controller, and many more. The fundamental multitasking concepts such as process synchronization, process communication, and memory sharing techniques have been described in projects concerning event flags, queues, semaphores, values, and so on.

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Die Hochfrequenztechnik ist eines der Gebiete, auf denen man auch heute noch eigene Ideen in die Tat umsetzen kann. Unzählige Schaltungsvarianten mit besonderen Zielsetzungen geben Raum für sinnvolle Experimente und Projekte. Vieles kann man nicht einfach kaufen. Detektorradios ohne eigene Energiequelle, einfache Röhrenempfänger mit einem Hauch von Nostalgie, die ersten Empfangsversuche mit dem Software Defined Radio oder Spezialempfänger für den Amateurfunk, all dies lässt sich mit wenig Aufwand realisieren. Lange Zeit war das Radiobasteln der Einstieg in die Elektronik. Inzwischen gibt es auch andere Wege, vor allem über Computer, Mikrocontroller und die Digitaltechnik. Allerdings kommen die analogen Wurzeln der Elektronik oft zu kurz. Die Radiotechnik eignet sich besonders gut als Lernfeld der Elektronik, weil man hier mit den einfachsten Grundlagen beginnen kann. Aber auch die Verbindung zur modernen Digitaltechnik liegt auf der Hand, wenn es z. B. um moderne Abstimmverfahren wie PLL und DDS oder um moderne DSP-Radios geht. Dieses Buch gibt einen Überblick und stellt eine Sammlung einfacher Projekte vor. Der Autor möchte Sie dabei unterstützen, eigene Ideen zu entwickeln, eigene Empfänger zu entwerfen und sie zu erproben.

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World’s Most Popular ROS Platform TurtleBot is the most popular open source robot for education and research. The new generation TurtleBot3 is a small, low cost, fully programmable, ROS based mobile robot. It is intended to be used for education, research, hobby and product prototyping. Affordable Cost TurtleBot was developed to meet the cost-conscious needs of schools, laboratories and companies. TurtleBot3 is the most affordable robot among the SLAM-able mobile robots equipped with a 360° Laser Distance Sensor LDS-01. ROS Standard The TurtleBot brand is managed by Open Robotics, which develops and maintains ROS. Nowadays, ROS has become the go-to platform for all the roboticists around the world. TurtleBot can be integrated with existing ROS-based robot components, but TurtleBot3 can be an affordable platform for whom want to get started learning ROS. Extensibility TurtleBot3 encourages users to customize its mechanical structure with some alternative options: open source embedded board (as a control board), computer and sensors. TurtleBot3 Waffle Pi is a two-wheeled differential drive type platform but it is able to be structurally and mechanically customized in many ways: Cars, Bikes, Trailers and so on. Extend your ideas beyond imagination with various SBC, sensors and motors on a scalable structure. Modular Actuator for Mobile Robot TurtleBot3 is able to get a precise spatial data by using 2 DYNAMIXEL’s in the wheel joints. DYNAMIXEL XM series can be operated by one of 6 operating modes (XL series: 4 operating modes): Velocity control mode for wheels, Torque control mode or Position control mode for joint, etc. DYNAMIXEL can be used even to make a mobile manipulator which is light but can be precisely controlled with velocity, torque and position control. DYNAMIXEL is a core component that makes TurtleBot3 perfect. It is easy to assemble, maintain, replace and reconfigure. Open Control Board for ROS The control board is open-sourced in hardware wise and in software wise for ROS communication. The open source control board OpenCR1.0 is powerful enough to control not only DYNAMIXEL’s but also ROBOTIS sensors that are frequently being used for basic recognition tasks in cost effective way. Various sensors such as Touch sensor, Infrared sensor, Color sensor and a handful more are available. The OpenCR1.0 has an IMU sensor inside the board so that it can enhance precise control for countless applications. The board has 3.3 V, 5 V, 12 V power supplies to reinforce the available computer device lineups. Open Source The hardware, firmware and software of TurtleBot3 are open source which means that users are welcomed to download, modify and share source codes. All components of TurtleBot3 are manufactured with injection molded plastic to achieve low cost, however, the 3D CAD data is also available for 3D printing. Specifications Maximum translational velocity 0.26 m/s Maximum rotational velocity 1.82 rad/s (104.27 deg/s) Maximum payload 30 kg Size (L x W x H) 281 x 306 x 141 mm Weight (+ SBC + Battery + Sensors) 1.8 kg Threshold of climbing 10 mm or lower Expected operating time 2h Expected charging time 2h 30m SBC (Single Board Computers) Raspberry Pi 4 (2 GB RAM) MCU 32-bit ARM Cortex-M7 with FPU (216 MHz, 462 DMIPS) Remote Controller RC-100B + BT-410 Set (Bluetooth 4, BLE) Actuator XL430-W210 LDS (Laser Distance Sensor) 360 Laser Distance Sensor LDS-01 or LDS-02 Camera Raspberry Pi Camera Module v2.1 IMU Gyroscope 3 AxisAccelerometer 3 Axis Power connectors 3.3 V/800 mA5 V/4 A12 V/1 A Expansion pins GPIO 18 pinsArduino 32 pin Peripheral 3x UART, 1x CAN, 1x SPI, 1x I²C, 5x ADC, 4x 5-pin OLLO DYNAMIXEL ports 3x RS485, 3x TTL Audio Several programmable beep sequences Programmable LEDs 4x User LED Status LEDs 1x Board status LED1x Arduino LED1x Power LED Buttons and Switches 2x Push buttons, 1x Reset button, 2x Dip switch Battery Lithium polymer 11.1 V 1800 mAh / 19.98 Wh 5C PC connection USB Firmware upgrade via USB / via JTAG Power adapter (SMPS) Input: 100-240 VAC 50/60 Hz, 1.5 A @maxOutput: 12 VDC, 5 A Downloads ROS Robot Programming GitHub E-Manual Community

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Das ESP8266-Praxisbuch (E-book)

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Raspberry Pi 5 provides two four-lane MIPI connectors, each of which can support either a camera or a display. These connectors use the same 22-way, 0.5 mm-pitch “mini” FPC format as the Compute Module Development Kit, and require adapter cables to connect to the 15-way, 1 mm-pitch “standard” format connectors on current Raspbery Pi camera and display products.These mini-to-standard adapter cables for cameras and displays (note that a camera cable should not be used with a display, and vice versa) are available in 200 mm, 300 mm and 500 mm lengths.

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With 20+ Practical Projects in Logic and Circuit Design This book is a practical guide to digital electronics, covering the essential components of modern digital systems: number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra, combinational and sequential logic, and more. Through more than 20 structured projects, you’ll design and build digital systems using real-world components such as logic gates, multiplexers, decoders, flip-flops, counters, and shift registers. The projects range from basic LED logic circuits to digital locks, display systems, traffic light controllers, and timing-based designs. Selected projects introduce the use of tools such as CircuitVerse for circuit simulation, while several designs make use of 74HC-series logic devices, commonly used in digital hardware prototyping. Inside, you’ll find: Clear coverage of number systems and binary arithmetic Logic gate fundamentals and universal gate implementations Step-by-step projects using flip-flops, counters, and registers Real-world design with 74HC-series logic chips Techniques for designing combinational and sequential systems This book takes a design-first, application-driven approach to digital electronics—built around working circuits, tested logic, and hands-on experimentation.

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Der ESP8266 von Espressif ist ein Wi-Fi-Mikrochip mit vollem TCP/IP-Stack und Mikrocontroller-Fähigkeit. Es hat mit seinem niedrigen Preis Wellen in der Herstellergemeinschaft geschlagen. Aber viele Entwickler waren unzufrieden mit dem hohen Stromverbrauch von ESP8266. Der ESP32, ausgestattet mit einem ULP (Ultra Low Power) Coprozessor, bietet eine Lösung. Dieses E-Book enthält eine Reihe von Projekten mit ESP32 & ESP8266 sowie ein Interview mit dem CEO von Espressif Teo Swee Ann. Artikel ESP32 für den Einsatz in Geräten der Industrie 4.0 Scrollende Nachrichtenanzeige, 512 LEDs per WLAN mit ESP-12F ansteuern Das vernetzte Treibhaus, IoT-Modellprojekt mit MQTT und Node-RED VFD-Röhren-Uhr mit ESP32, Internet-Zeit auf Vintage-Displays ESP32 stromsparend, die Programmierung des ULP-Coprozessors DCF77-Emulator mit ESP8266, DCF durch Internet-Zeit ersetzen Was steckt hinter dem berühmtem ESP8266? WLAN-Thermostat, flexible und programmierbare Temperatursteuerung Timer für den WLAN-Thermostat, sieben Kanäle mit atomarer Genauigkeit Schweizer Taschenmesser für Mikrocontroller, PlatformIO als universelles Programmier-Tool ESP32 für Power-User, native Programmierung Weather-Display, aktuelle Wetterdaten auf einem LC-Display darstellen GoNotify, ein flexibles IoT-Sensorinterface. Einfach in die Cloud. Der große Bruder des ESP8266, erste Schritte mit dem ESP32 und der Arduino-IDE MicroPython, Python für kleine Systeme RGBDigit Clock, farbenfrohe 7-Segment-Displays zeigen Zeit und Klima USB-Programmieradapter für die ESP-Module von Espressif Heizkesselmonitor mit ESP8266, Haustechnik für die Energiewende WLAN für Mikrocontroller, steuern mit dem ESP8266 Die Rückkehr des WLAN-Controller-Boards, Smartphone steuert IoT-Objekte WLAN kompakt und autonom, oder: Wie man den ESP8266 auch ohne MCU einsetzen kann

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The uArm Swift Pro is a high quality robotic arm that can be used in a wide range of applications. The uArm Swift Pro was developed and optimized for use in education, which means that many packages are already available for open source platforms such as ROS. The uArm Swift Pro has a position repeatability of 0.2 mm and is also equipped with a stepper motor and a 12-bit encoder. These are just a few reasons that make the uArm Swift Pro an excellent choice for educational use. Another great feature is the 3D printing kit that converts the uArm Swift Pro into a 3D printer in less than 1 minute. The uArm supports the following development platforms/systems: UFACTORY SDK Arduino Python ROS GRABCAD OpenMV Smartphone App The smartphone app for iOS is already available in the App Store and enables easy control and monitoring of the robotic arm. The app for Android is in development and will be available soon. An example of the Machine Vision The following GIF shows the uArm in combination with the OpenMV Machine Vision Cam M7 and the facial recognition applications that can be implemented in MicroPython. Specifications Degrees of Freedom: 4 Repeatability: Up to 0.2 mm Payload: 500 g Working Range: 50-320 mm Positioning Speed: 100 m/s Position Feedback: 12-bit Encoder Dimensions: 150 x 140 x 281mm Weight: 2.2 kg Included UFactory uArm Swift Pro Body Bluetooth & Vacuum Gripper Downloads Datasheet

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