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As demand for solar panel installation has risen sharply, especially for installations larger than balcony power plants, the order books of solar companies are full. If you ask for a quote today, you may have to wait a while, if your request isn't simply postponed indefinitely. Another consequence of the solar boom is that some companies are charging very high prices for installations. Yet there is an obvious and radical solution to the problem of excessive prices: Do it yourself, as the English say. The price of materials is currently affordable, and it's the ideal time for those who do the work themselves. They couldn't save more. Add to this the satisfaction of doing something useful, both economically and ecologically, and the pleasure of building yourself. In this special issue, you'll find a wide selection of Elektor assemblies, from solar panel controllers to solar water heaters and solar panel orientation systems. The issue also contains practical information on solar panel installation and the technology behind them. Finally, there are a number of articles on the subject of balcony power plants, from how to install them to how to connect them to the Internet... Contents BASICS Dimensioning Photovoltaic Panel ArraysAn introduction to photovoltaic energy and the commonest techniques,followed by simplified calculation models and setup guidelines. Light Sensor TechnologyMeasuring daylight using LEDs. Solar Power Made SimpleSolar charging with and without a controller. Cable Cross-sections and Energy Losses in Solar SystemsKey considerations on the minimum values to respect for electricalcurrent in solar panel cabling. Solar ModulesEverything you always wanted to know about solar panels... Ideal Diode ControllerDiode Circuits with Low Power Dissipation. TIPS Tracking for Solar Modules zBot Solar/Battery Power Supply Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator Solar Cell Voltage Regulator Solar-Powered Night Light Alternative Solar Battery Charger PROJECTS Energy LoggerMeasuring and Recording Power Consumption. Tiny Solar SupplySunlight In, 3.3 V Out. A Do-It-Yourself DTURead Data from Small Inverters by μC. Solar ChargerPortable energy for people on the move. Solar Thermal Energy RegulatorMaximum power point tracking explored. 2-amp Maximum Power Tracking ChargerSolar Power To The Max. Computer-driven HeliostatFollow the sun or the stars. Garden LightingUsing solar cells. Solar Panel Voltage Converter for IoT DevicesYes we CAN exploit indoor lighting. Travel ChargerFree power in the mountains. Solar Cell Battery Charger/MonitorWith protection against deep discharge. Solar-powered Battery ChargerPIC12C671 avoids overcharging and deep charging. Converters for Photovoltaic PanelsContributed by TME (Transfer MultisortElektronik). Solar Charging RegulatorFor panels up to 53 watts. Solar-Powered ChargerFor lead-acid batteries. CAN Bus + Arduino for Solar PV Cell MonitoringDetect and locate serviceable panels in large arrays. Balcony Power Plant 2.0The latest: solar panels, installation and inverters

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A Handbook on DIY Nowadays, security problems are rarely properly solved or correctly addressed. Electronic security is only part of the chain in making a system secure. Electronic security is usually addressed as network or software security, neglecting other aspects, but the chain is only as strong as its weakest link. This book is about electronic hardware security, with an emphasis on problems that you can solve on a shoestring DIY budget. It deals mostly with secure communications, cryptosystems, and espionage. You will quickly appreciate that you can’t simply buy a trustworthy and reliable cryptosystem off the shelf. You will then realise that this applies equally to individuals, corporations, and governments. If you want to increase your electronic security awareness in a world already overcrowded with networks of microphones and cameras, this is a book for you. Furthermore, if you want to do something DIY by designing and expanding upon simple electronic systems, please continue reading. Some of the devices described are already published as projects in the Elektor magazine. Some are still ideas yet to be worked out. Complexity is the main enemy of security, so we'll try to keep to simple systems. Every chapter will analyse real-life espionage events or at least several hypothetical scenarios that will hopefully spark your imagination. The final goal is to build a security-conscious mindset (or “to get into a head of a spy”) which is necessary to recognise possible threats beforehand, to design a truly secure system. Don’t bother reading if: you think you and your secrets are 100% safe and secure you think somebody else can effectively handle your security you think conspiracy theories only exist in theory – Telefunken’s masterpiece the “FS-5000 Harpoon” was built on one!

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A Beginner's Guide to AI and Edge Computing Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now part of our daily lives. With companies developing low-cost AI-powered hardware into their products, it is now becoming a reality to purchase AI accelerator hardware at comparatively very low costs. One such hardware accelerator is the Hailo module which is fully compatible with the Raspberry Pi 5. The Raspberry Pi AI Kit is a cleverly designed hardware as it bundles an M.2-based Hailo-8L accelerator with the Raspberry Pi M.2 HAT+ to offer high speed inferencing on the Raspberry Pi 5. Using the Raspberry Pi AI Kit, you can build complex AI-based vision applications, running in real-time, such as object detection, pose estimation, instance segmentation, home automation, security, robotics, and many more neural network-based applications. This book is an introduction to the Raspberry Pi AI Kit, and it is aimed to provide some help to readers who are new to the kit and wanting to run some simple AI-based visual models on their Raspberry Pi 5 computers. The book is not meant to cover the detailed process of model creation and compilation, which is done on an Ubuntu computer with massive disk space and 32 GB memory. Examples of pre-trained and custom object detection are given in the book. Two fully tested and working projects are given in the book. The first project explains how a person can be detected and how an LED can be activated after the detection, and how the detection can be acknowledged by pressing an external button. The second project illustrates how a person can be detected, and how this information can be passed to a smart phone over a Wi-Fi link, as well as how the detection can be acknowledged by sending a message from the smartphone to your Raspberry Pi 5.

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Program, build, and master over 60 projects with Python The Raspberry Pi 5 is the latest single-board computer from the Raspberry Pi Foundation. It can be used in many applications, such as in audio and video media centers, as a desktop computer, in industrial controllers, robotics, and in many domestic and commercial applications. In addition to the well-established features found in other Raspberry Pi computers, the Raspberry Pi 5 offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (classic and BLE), which makes it a perfect match for IoT as well as in remote and Internet-based control and monitoring applications. It is now possible to develop many real-time projects such as audio digital signal processing, real-time digital filtering, real-time digital control and monitoring, and many other real-time operations using this tiny powerhouse. The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi 5 computer and covers the important topics of accessing the computer locally and remotely. Use of the console language commands as well as accessing and using the desktop GUI are described with working examples. The remaining parts of the book cover many Raspberry Pi 5-based hardware projects using components and devices such as LEDs and buzzers LCDs Ultrasonic sensors Temperature and atmospheric pressure sensors The Sense HAT Camera modules Example projects are given using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules to send and receive data from smartphones and PCs, and sending real-time temperature and atmospheric pressure data to the cloud. All projects given in the book have been fully tested for correct operation. Only basic programming and electronics experience are required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full Python program listings are given for all projects described.

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The perfect tool for quick repairs The FNIRSI HS-01 is a powerful, adjustable smart soldering iron with a built-in 0.87-inch OLED display that quickly reaches temperatures between 80-420°C (180-780°F). The display shows all important information, including the status of the temperature level, the set temperature, the supply voltage and the power percentage. You can set the input voltage from 9-20 V directly in the menu according to your needs. The integrated sleep mode automatically turns off the iron after 30 minutes. Features 96 W input (DC) 65 W PD power OLED display Constant temperature & fast heating CNC metal integral molding Smart safety anti-scald Mini pocket size Ergonomic design Aluminum material Left/right hand switch Efficient heat radiation Inductive sleep Color: Black Specifications Power 65 W Screen 0.87" OLED Operating voltage 9-20 VDC Power supply USB-C Temperature range 80-420°C (180-780°F) Fast charging protocol PD trigger Dimensions 184 x 20 x 20 mm (7.24 x 0.79 x 0.79') Weight 56 g Power Selection Operating voltage 20 V 15 V 12 V 9 V Operating current ≥3.25 A ≥2.5 A ≥2 A ≥1.5 A Power 65 W 37.5 W 24 W 13.5 W Tin melting time 8s 12s 17s 30s Included 1x FNRISI HS-01 smart soldering iron 6x Soldering iron tips (HS01-BC2, HS01-KR, HS01-K65, HS01-B2, HS01-ILS, HS01-BC3) 1x DC to USB-C power cable 1x Mini soldering iron stand 1x Manual Required Power adapter USB-C cable Downloads Manual Firmware V0.3.s19

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. PIO Programming on the Raspberry Pi PicoNine Instructions, Many Possibilities Breaking AI Out of the BrowserUsing AI CLIs to Code, Compile, and Validate Embedded Projects The Scrutiny DebuggerDebug, Visualize, and Test Embedded C/C++ Code Sigfox Breakout Board (1)A Self-Built Radio BoB Low-Noise Power Supply (2)Construction, Assembly, and Practical Implementation Simple Signal Generator Using the RP2040Analog and Digital Signals for Around €10 Navigating the Future of Smart Homes with Matter and Edge AIAre Matter’s Latest Updates and the Rise of Edge AI Finally Giving Engineers the Tools to Build the Intelligent, Seamless Smart Homes Users Have Been Promised? Differential Pressure SensorsPredictive Maintenance in HVAC-Systems Security by DesignEngineering Fundamentals Limit Failure Embedded Security Is No Longer Optional CRA and PQC Are Rewriting Embedded Security PrioritiesWhy Even Small IoT and Industrial Firms Need an Upgrade Plan embedded world 2026An Interview With Benedikt Weyerer, Executive Director of embedded world Hands on with I3CUsing Hardware from ST and Microchip The BLEnky ProjectRapid Prototyping of Bluetooth Low Energy Applications Pulse Width ModulationFrom a Simple On/Off Thermostat to a Smoothed DC Analog Signal AudiotronicsEar-Pleasing Electronics for DIY Construction From Life’s ExperienceRead The F...ing Manual! ESP32 Audio Transceiver Board (Part 4)Tuning the Clocks - And a Wired Option 2026: An AI OdysseyThe 2025 Vibe-Coding Hangover Symmetrical DC LoadDC Load, Static or Dynamic, and Symmetrical Counting Faces with MaixCAMAn Easy Way to Capture Audience Sizes

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This is the second edition of a book aimed at engineers, scientists, and hobbyists who want to interface PCs with hardware projects using graphical user interfaces. Desktop and web-based applications are covered. The programming language used is Python 3, which is one of the most popular languages around: speed of programming being a key feature. The book has been revised and updated with an emphasis on getting the user to produce practical designs with ease – a text editor is all that is required to produce Python programs. Hardware interfacing is achieved using an Arduino Uno as a remote slave. A full description and source code of the communication interface is given in the book. The slave provides digital and analog input and outputs. Multiple Unos can be included in one project with all control code written in Python and running on a PC One project involves a PIC microcontroller with the code provided that can be loaded into the PIC using the Uno. The web applications and server are all implemented in Python, allowing you to access your electronic hardware over the Internet. The Raspberry Pi computer can be used as your web server. An introductory chapter is provided to get you started with using Linux. The book is written for use with Debian or variations including Mint or Ubuntu. All of the programs in the book are freely available, ready to use and experiment with by way of a download from Elektor.

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KENNISMAKING MET NEURONEN IN NEURALE NETWERKEN (DEEL 1)Kunstmatige Neuronen EMC PRE-COMPLIANCE TEST VOOR UW DC-GEVOED PROJECT (DEEL 1)Dubbele DC-LISN ELEKTRONISCHE BELASTING VOOR DC EN ACTot 400 V en 10 A (piek) ALLE BEGIN......neemt het op tegen de spoel! BEELDVERWERKING MET DE NVIDIA JETSON NANO (DEEL 1)De Hardware en Software EEN GEDETAILLEERD ONDERZOEK NAAR NETTRANSFORMATORENIn- en uitschakelgedrag YES WE CAN MET PICAN 3Een CAN Bus HAT voor de Raspberry Pi 4 ZONNEPANELEN OP JE BALKONZelfbouw balkoncentrale = snel terugverdiend! BEELDVERWERKING EN VIDEO-STREAMING MET EEN RASPBERRY PI 4De Raspberry Pi High-Quality Camera in de praktijk DISPLAYS GEBRUIKEN IN RASPBERRY PI-PROJECTENEen hoofdstuk als voorbeeld: Organische LED-displays (OLED) KENNISMAKING MET DE PARALLAX PROPELLER 2 (DEEL 4):Tekens Versturen ELEKTOR @ 60Een terugblik op voorgaande septembers OOST WEST LAB BESTop het Friese platteland, waar de buizen bloeien... HYBRIDENVreemde onderdelen, de serie EEN KOMPASROOS MET DE GY-271Of waarom we in een acht bewegen om een sensor te kalibreren HOE GROOT IS UW VOETAFDRUK?Bereken de ecologische voetafdruk van uw elektronica CONNECTED THERMOSTAAT MET ESP32Houd uw wijn op de juiste temperatuur! MAGNETISCHE LEVITATIE OP DE DIGITALE MANIERESP32 Pico vervangt de Analoge Comparator ULTIMATE ARDUINO UNO HARDWARE MANUALEen hoofdstuk als voorbeeld: Main Microcontroller Bootloader MICROPYTHON VOOR DE ESP32 C.S. (DEEL 2)Eenvoudig Matrix Displays besturen MADMACHINE SWIFTIO BOARDModerne taal ontmoet moderne Hardware UIT HET LEVEN GEGREPENKnipperlichtrelatie HEXADOKUThe Original Elektorized Sudoku

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Mastering the I²C Bus takes you on an exploratory journey of the I²C Bus and its applications. Besides the Bus protocol, plenty of attention is given to the practical applications and designing a stable system. The most common I²C compatible chip classes are covered in detail. Two experimentation boards are available that allow for rapid prototype development. These boards are completed by a USB to I²C probe and a software framework to control I²C devices from your computer. All samples programs can be downloaded from the 'Attachments/Downloads' section on this page. Projects built on Board 1: USB to I²C Interface, PCA 9534 Protected Input, PCA 9534 Protected Output, PCA 9553 PWM LED Controller, 24xxx EEPROM Module, LM75 Temperature Sensor, PCA8563 Real-time Clock with Battery Backup, LCD and Keyboard Module, Bus Power Supply. Projects built on Board 2: Protected Input, Protected Output, LM75 Temperature Sensor, PCF8574 I/O Board, SAA1064 LED Display, PCA9544 Bus Expander, MCP40D17 Potentiometer, PCF8591 AD/DA, ADC121 A/D Converter, MCP4725 D/A Converter, 24xxx EEPROM Module.

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. The RISC-V Open-Source Processor Architecture16 Boards and MCUs You Should Know An FPGA-Based Audio Player with Equalizer (1)Mixing Digital Audio with an Arduino MKR Vidor 4000 Laser Head for Pico-Based Sand ClockDrawing with Light Enter the STM32 Edge AI Contest A Multi-Sensor Environmental Monitoring System for PlantsWireless Measurement of Water Supply and Light Conditions Maixduino AI-Powered Automatic DoormanFace Detection with a Camera Embedded Electronics 2024AI Is Set to Redefine the Industry Charge-Based In-Memory Compute at EnCharge AI AI Inferencing at 10 Times Lower Power and 20 Fold Lower Cost Click Board Helps Develop and Train ML Models for Vibration Analysis The Elektor Mini-WheelieA Self-Balancing Robot Kit MCU, I See YouMCUViewer Open-Source Multiplatform Debugging Tool USB 2.0 IsolatorElectrically Isolated Connections for USB Devices Intervention Before DamagePredictive Maintenance in Practice SPoE – Electromagnetic CompatibilitySingle-Pair with Power-Over-Ethernet Through the Eyes of EMC Color TV: A Wonder of Its TimeCreating a New World ECG Graph MonitoringAn Implementation with Hexabitz Modules and an STM32CubeMonitor The Battle for AI at the Edge HaLow Hits Record 16-km Wi-Fi Distance at 900 MHz First CHERI RISC-V Embedded Chip and Early Access Programme Third-Generation Wildfire Detection Uses Satellite Links From Life’s ExperienceChoice Overload Starting Out in Electronics……Continues Filtering and Controls Tone Quasi-Analog ClockworkA Remake of an Elektor Classic A Modular Approach to Sensor TestingThe ESP32-S3-Based Sensor Evaluation Board 2025: An AI OdysseyThe Rise of Foundation Models and Their Role in Democratizing AI Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (1)Preparing a Platform for Some Edge AI Experiments Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Universal AI RISC-V Processor Does It All — CPU, GPU, DSP, FPGA CEO Interview: Ventiva’s Thin and Cool Tech Dual-Core Programming with a Raspberry Pi PicoVenture Into the World of Parallel Programming

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Knowledge for All! Super Servo TesterTest Up to Four Servos Stand-Alone or In-System Analog Signals and MicrocontrollersADCs, DACs, Current Measurement, and More embedded world 2023 Sub-Nyquist Sampling in PracticeReliably Capturing Higher Frequencies Using Subsampling Android Smartphone Here, ESP32 There?Practical Pproject Using the Android Wi-Fi API Active 1-kHz Filter for Distortion MeasurementBetter Measurements Through Optimization of the Measurement Signal Starting Out in Electronics......Multivibrating Cheerfully Further! Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates and Readers’ Letters The New I3C ProtocolA Worthy Successor to I²C, or Just More Hot Air? BlueRC: IR Remote Control with Smartphone and ESP32Adaptive and Universal Microcontroller Documentation Explained (Part 2)Registers and Block Diagrams Automating Test and MeasurementProgramming Test Equipment to Do What You Want Infographics: Test and Measurement Overvoltage Protection for Safe OperationTransient Protection for Non-Isolated DC/DC Power Modules Wiha Measuring EquipmentReliable Electrical Testers and Meters Automating Testing and Collaborating on Test Results From Life’s ExperienceHigh-Level Electronics Energy LoggerMeasuring and Recording Power Consumption Assembling the 4tronix M.A.R.S. Rover Kit Parking Disk with E-Paper DisplayAn Innovative Digital Replacement eCO₂ Telegram botAir-Quality Measurement with Telegram Notification Behind the Scenes of DIY High-End AudioElektor’s Ton Giesberts Interviewed on the Fine Art of Analog Design HomeLab ToursWork in Progress... RFID Tag Reading and RFID Door LockSample Projects from the Elektor Arduino Experimenting Bundle Oscilloscope Current Probe for RFRF Current Measurements Made Easy Not for the Faint-Hearted: Robot Arm KitWith Raspberry Pi Pico and MicroPython Generative AIWho Made This Anyway? Hexadoku

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From Detector to Software Defined RadioRadio frequency (RF) technology is one of the areas which still allows putting your own ideas into practice. Countless circuit variants with special objectives allow space for meaningful experiments and projects. Many things simply aren’t available off the shelf. Crystal detector radios without their own power source, simple tube receivers with a touch of nostalgia, the first reception attempts at Software Defined Radio, special receivers for amateur radio, all this can be realized with little effort and as a perfect introduction to RF electronics.For a long time, radio construction was the first step into electronics. Meanwhile, there are other ways, especially via computers, microcontrollers, and digital technology. However, the analog roots of electronics are often neglected. Elementary radio technology and easy-to-do experiments are particularly well suited as a learning field for electronics because you can start with the simplest basics here.But the connection to modern digital technology is also obvious, for example, when it comes to modern tuning methods such as PLL and DDS or modern DSP radios.This book aims to give an overview and present a collection of simple RF projects. The author would like to support you to develop your own ideas, to design your own receivers and to test them.

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