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As demand for solar panel installation has risen sharply, especially for installations larger than balcony power plants, the order books of solar companies are full. If you ask for a quote today, you may have to wait a while, if your request isn't simply postponed indefinitely. Another consequence of the solar boom is that some companies are charging very high prices for installations. Yet there is an obvious and radical solution to the problem of excessive prices: Do it yourself, as the English say. The price of materials is currently affordable, and it's the ideal time for those who do the work themselves. They couldn't save more. Add to this the satisfaction of doing something useful, both economically and ecologically, and the pleasure of building yourself. In this special issue, you'll find a wide selection of Elektor assemblies, from solar panel controllers to solar water heaters and solar panel orientation systems. The issue also contains practical information on solar panel installation and the technology behind them. Finally, there are a number of articles on the subject of balcony power plants, from how to install them to how to connect them to the Internet... Contents BASICS Dimensioning Photovoltaic Panel ArraysAn introduction to photovoltaic energy and the commonest techniques,followed by simplified calculation models and setup guidelines. Light Sensor TechnologyMeasuring daylight using LEDs. Solar Power Made SimpleSolar charging with and without a controller. Cable Cross-sections and Energy Losses in Solar SystemsKey considerations on the minimum values to respect for electricalcurrent in solar panel cabling. Solar ModulesEverything you always wanted to know about solar panels... Ideal Diode ControllerDiode Circuits with Low Power Dissipation. TIPS Tracking for Solar Modules zBot Solar/Battery Power Supply Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator Solar Cell Voltage Regulator Solar-Powered Night Light Alternative Solar Battery Charger PROJECTS Energy LoggerMeasuring and Recording Power Consumption. Tiny Solar SupplySunlight In, 3.3 V Out. A Do-It-Yourself DTURead Data from Small Inverters by μC. Solar ChargerPortable energy for people on the move. Solar Thermal Energy RegulatorMaximum power point tracking explored. 2-amp Maximum Power Tracking ChargerSolar Power To The Max. Computer-driven HeliostatFollow the sun or the stars. Garden LightingUsing solar cells. Solar Panel Voltage Converter for IoT DevicesYes we CAN exploit indoor lighting. Travel ChargerFree power in the mountains. Solar Cell Battery Charger/MonitorWith protection against deep discharge. Solar-powered Battery ChargerPIC12C671 avoids overcharging and deep charging. Converters for Photovoltaic PanelsContributed by TME (Transfer MultisortElektronik). Solar Charging RegulatorFor panels up to 53 watts. Solar-Powered ChargerFor lead-acid batteries. CAN Bus + Arduino for Solar PV Cell MonitoringDetect and locate serviceable panels in large arrays. Balcony Power Plant 2.0The latest: solar panels, installation and inverters

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Two reasons can be identified for the immense success of the Arduino platform. First, the cheap, ready to go processor board greatly simplifies the introduction to hardware. The second success factor is the free and open-source programming suite that does not require an installation procedure. Simple entry-level examples ensure rapid successes. Complex selection procedures for parameters like the microprocessor version or interface settings are not required. The first sample programs can be uploaded to the Arduino board, and tested, in a matter of minutes. The Arduino user is supported by an array of software libraries. However, the daily increasing volume of libraries poses initial problems to the newcomer, and the way ahead may be uncertain after a few entry-level examples. In many cases, detailed descriptions are missing, and poorly described projects tend to confuse rather than elucidate. Clear guidance and a single motto are missing, usually owing to the projects having been created by several different persons—all with different aims in mind. This book represents a different approach. All projects are presented in a systematical manner, guiding into various theme areas. In the coverage of must-know theory great attention is given to practical directions users can absorb, including essential programming techniques like A/D conversion, timers and interrupts—all contained in the hands-on projects. In this way readers of the book create running lights, a wakeup light, fully functional voltmeters, precision digital thermometers, clocks of many varieties, reaction speed meters, or mouse controlled robotic arms. While actively working on these projects the reader gets to truly comprehend and master the basics of the underlying controller technology.

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Architecture, Programming and Applications The MSP430 is a popular family of microcontrollers from Texas Instruments. In this book we will work with the smallest type, which is the powerful MSP430G2553. We will look at the capabilities of this microcontroller in detail, as it is well-suited for self-made projects because it is available in a P-DIP20 package. We will take a closer look at the microcontroller and then build, step by step, some interesting applications, including a 'Hello World' blinking LED and a nice clock application, which can calculate the day of the week based on the date. You also will learn how to create code for the MSP microcontroller in assembler. In addition to that, we will work with the MSP-Arduino IDE, which makes it quite easy to create fast applications without special in-depth knowledge of the microcontrollers. All the code used in the book is available for download from the Elektor website.

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A Practical Guide to AI, Python, and Hardware Projects Welcome to your BeagleY-AI journey! This compact, powerful, and affordable single-board computer is perfect for developers and hobbyists. With its dedicated 4 TOPS AI co-processor and a 1.4 GHz Quad-core Cortex-A53 CPU, the BeagleY-AI is equipped to handle both AI applications and real-time I/O tasks. Powered by the Texas Instruments AM67A processor, it offers DSPs, a 3D graphics unit, and video accelerators. Inside this handbook, you‘ll find over 50 hands-on projects that cover a wide range of topics—from basic circuits with LEDs and sensors to an AI-driven project. Each project is written in Python 3 and includes detailed explanations and full program listings to guide you. Whether you‘re a beginner or more advanced, you can follow these projects as they are or modify them to fit your own creative ideas. Here’s a glimpse of some exciting projects included in this handbook: Morse Code Exerciser with LED or BuzzerType a message and watch it come to life as an LED or buzzer translates your text into Morse code. Ultrasonic Distance MeasurementUse an ultrasonic sensor to measure distances and display the result in real time. Environmental Data Display & VisualizationCollect temperature, pressure, and humidity readings from the BME280 sensor, and display or plot them on a graphical interface. SPI – Voltmeter with ADCLearn how to measure voltage using an external ADC and display the results on your BeagleY-AI. GPS Coordinates DisplayTrack your location with a GPS module and view geographic coordinates on your screen. BeagleY-AI and Raspberry Pi 4 CommunicationDiscover how to make your BeagleY-AI and Raspberry Pi communicate over a serial link and exchange data. AI-Driven Object Detection with TensorFlow LiteSet up and run an object detection model using TensorFlow Lite on the BeagleY-AI platform, with complete hardware and software details provided.

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The Raspberry Pi is a $35 credit-card sized computer with many applications, such as in desktop computing, audio and video playback, and as a controller in many industrial, commercial and domestic applications. This book is about the Raspberry Pi computer and its use in control applications. The book explains in simple terms, with examples, how to configure the RPi, how to install and use the Linux operating system, how to write programs using the Python programming language and how to develop hardware based projects. The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi computer and covers the topics of purchasing all the necessary equipment and installing/using the Linux operating system in command mode. Use of the user-friendly graphical desktop operating environment is explained using example applications. The RPi network interface is explained in simple steps and demonstrates how the computer can be accessed remotely from a desktop or a laptop computer. The remaining parts of the book cover the Python programming language, hardware development tools, hardware interface details, and RPi based hardware projects. All the 23 projects given in the book have been tested and are working. The following headings are given for each project: Project title Project description Project block diagram Project circuit diagram Project program description using the Program Description Language (PDL) Complete program listing Description of the program The book is ideal for self-study, and is intended for electronic/electrical engineering students, practising engineers, research students, and hobbyists.

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Die chinesische Firma Espressif Systems hat den neuen Mikrocontroller ESP32 entwickelt, das Nachfolgemodell des ESP8266-WiFi-Chips. Zusätzlich zu allen ESP8266-Funktionen stellt der ESP32 nun Bluetooth-Funk, einen größeren SRAM-Datenspeicher, mehr GPIOs, mehr Schnittstellen, einen Touch-Sensor, einen Temperatursensor, höhere CPU-Geschwindigkeit, einen CAN-Bus, ADCs mit höherer Auflösung, DACs und Sicherheitsfunktionen bereit. Der ESP32 ist Arduino-kompatibel. Dieses Buch ist eine Einführung in den ESP32-Prozessor und beschreibt die wichtigsten Hardware- und Software-Features dieses Chips. Das Hauptziel des Buches ist es, dem Leser zu vermitteln, wie man ESP32-Hard- und Software in praktischen Projekten einsetzt, vor allem durch Verwendung des hochmodernen ESP32-Entwicklungsboards. Im Buch sind viele einfache, grundlegende und weitere Projekte mittlerer Schwierigkeit auf Basis des Entwicklungsboards ESP32 DevKitC samt der beliebten Arduino-IDE und der Programmiersprache MicroPython enthalten. Die Projekte sind nach aufsteigender Komplexität organisiert.

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. PbMonitor v1.0A Battery-Monitoring System for UPS and Energy Storage Applications Solar Charge Controller with MPPT (1)Basic Principles of a Solar Controller for Stand-Alone Systems B-Field Integration Magnetometer With Home-Made Sensors Precise or Accurate?Your Instruments Need to Be Both! AD7124 A Precision ADC in PracticeFeatures for Sensor Signal Conditioning PID Control ToolOptimize Your Parameters Easily embedded world 2025 Starting Out in Electronics……Continues with Tone Control Academy Pro BoxBook + Online Course + Hardware Milliohmmeter AdapterUses the Precision of Your Multimeter The Next Leap in SemiconductorsOnward Toward 1.4 nm Through-Hole Technology ConnectorsThe Best of Two Worlds: THR Frequency CounterPortable and Auto-Calibrating Via GPS Analog MetersPeculiar Parts, the Series Stand-Alone Crystal TesterHow Accurate Is Your Clock Source? Low-Cost I²C TesterConnect I²C Devices Directly to Your PC From Life’s ExperienceWho Doesn’t Honor the Small Things? 2025: An AI OdysseyThe Transformative Impact on Software Development Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (2)Enhancing Our Setup with Intelligence Nortonized Wien Bridge OscillatorSmall Changes Yield Significant Improvements Putting a $0.10 Controller to the TestThe CH32V003 RISC-V Microcontroller and MounRiver Studio in Practice An FPGA-Based Audio Player with Equalizer (2)Adding Volume Control, Advanced Mixing, and a Web Interface

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This book covers a series of exciting and fun projects for the Arduino, such as a silent alarm, people sensor, light sensor, motor control, internet and wireless control (using a radio link). Contrary to many free projects on the internet all projects in this book have been extensively tested and are guaranteed to work! You can use it as a projects book and build more than 45 projects for your own use. The clear explanations, schematics, and pictures of each project make this a fun activity. The pictures are taken of a working project, so you know for sure that they are correct. You can combine the projects in this book to make your own projects. To facilitate this, clear explanations are provided on how the project works and why it has been designed the way it has That way you will learn a lot about the project and the parts used, knowledge that you can use in your own projects. Apart from that, the book can be used as a reference guide. Using the index, you can easily locate projects that serve as examples for the C++ commands and Arduino functionality. Even after you’ve built all the projects in this book, it will still be a valuable reference guide to keep next to your PC.

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Mastering the Language and the Development Platform Many people would like to learn Java but getting started is not easy since programming with Java requires at least two things: mastering the programming language and the development environment. With the help of many examples, this book shows how the language is structured. In addition, it employs the Eclipse development environment as an example of a powerful tool to teach developing Java programs. In Basics, the first part of the book, you acquire your Java and Eclipse basic knowledge. This part lays the programming foundations, gives you an overview of Java technology, and shows you what is special about object-oriented programming. In the second part called Java Language, everything revolves around the subtleties of the Java language and this is where the first small Java applications are created, aided by a fine blend of the knowledge part and practical exercises. Java Technology is both the name and the focus of the third part which also introduces you to the rules to observe when programming, what class libraries are and what advantages they have. In addition, you will learn how to test programs, what algorithms are, and how to program them. The fourth part, Java Projects, enables you to apply all the previous elements in an application with a graphical user interface. The project shows how to develop a larger application piece by piece with the Eclipse development environment. The Appendix concludes with a section on frequent errors that can occur when working with Eclipse, and a Glossary.

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Program, build, and master over 60 projects with Python The Raspberry Pi 5 is the latest single-board computer from the Raspberry Pi Foundation. It can be used in many applications, such as in audio and video media centers, as a desktop computer, in industrial controllers, robotics, and in many domestic and commercial applications. In addition to the well-established features found in other Raspberry Pi computers, the Raspberry Pi 5 offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (classic and BLE), which makes it a perfect match for IoT as well as in remote and Internet-based control and monitoring applications. It is now possible to develop many real-time projects such as audio digital signal processing, real-time digital filtering, real-time digital control and monitoring, and many other real-time operations using this tiny powerhouse. The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi 5 computer and covers the important topics of accessing the computer locally and remotely. Use of the console language commands as well as accessing and using the desktop GUI are described with working examples. The remaining parts of the book cover many Raspberry Pi 5-based hardware projects using components and devices such as LEDs and buzzers LCDs Ultrasonic sensors Temperature and atmospheric pressure sensors The Sense HAT Camera modules Example projects are given using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules to send and receive data from smartphones and PCs, and sending real-time temperature and atmospheric pressure data to the cloud. All projects given in the book have been fully tested for correct operation. Only basic programming and electronics experience are required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full Python program listings are given for all projects described.

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The OWON HDS2202s is a portable 3-in-1 multifunctional tester, which can be used as a 2-ch oscilloscope with a bandwidth of 200 MHz, multimeter and signal generator. It features a high-contrast 3.5-inch color display suitable for outdoor facility maintenance, rapid on-site measurement, automobile maintenance, power detection. etc. Features Oscilloscope + multimeter + waveform generator, multifunction in one 3.5-inch high-resolution, high-contrast color LCD display, suitable for outdoor use 18650 lithium battery, can work continuously for 3-6 hours USB Type-C interface, support power bank, support PC software connection Self-calibration function SCPI supported, facilitate secondary development Specifications Bandwidth 200 MHz Channels 2-ch Oscilloscope + 1-ch Generator Sample Rate 1 GSa/s Acquisition Model Normal, Peak detect Record Length 8K Display 3.5-inch LCD Waveform Refresh Rate 10,000 wfrms/s Input Coupling DC, AC, and Ground Input Impedance 1 MΩ ±2%, in parallel with 16pF ±10pF Probe Attenuation Factors 1X,10X,100X,1000X,10000X Max. input Voltage 400 V (DC+AC, PK-PK, 1MΩ input impedance) (10:1 probe attenuation) Bandwidth Limit (typical) 20 MHz Horizontal Scale 2ns/div - 1000s/div, step by 1 - 2 - 5 Vertical Sensitivity 10mV/div - 10V/div Vertical Resolution 8 bits Trigger Type Edge Trigger Modes Auto, Normal, single Automatic Measurement Frequency, Period, Amplitude, Max, Min, Mean, PK-PK Cursor Measurement ΔV, ΔT, ΔT&ΔV between cursors Communication Interface USB Type-C Multimeter Specifications Max. Resolution 20,000 counts Testing Mode Voltage, Current, Resistance, Capacitance, Diode, and Continuity test Input Impedance 10 MΩ Max Input Voltage AC 750 V, DC 1000 V Max Input Current DC: 10 A, AC: 10 A Diode 0-2 V Waveform Generator Specifications Frequency Output Sine 0.1 Hz - 25 MHz Square 0.1 Hz - 5MHz Ramp 0.1 Hz - 1 MHz Pulse 0.1 Hz - 5 MHz Arbitrary 0.1 Hz - 5 MHz Sampling Rate 125 MSa/s Channel 1-ch Amplitude Range (high impedance) 20 mVpp - 5 Vpp Waveform Length 8K Vertical Resolution 14 bits Output Impedance 50Ω Included 1x OWON HDS2202s 1x Power adapter 1x USB cable 1x Passive probes 2x Crocodile clip cable 1x Set of multimeter probes (one red and one black) 1x User manual 1x Probe correction adjustment knife Downloads User Manual Specifications SCPI Protocol Quick Guide Software

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A Handbook on DIY Nowadays, security problems are rarely properly solved or correctly addressed. Electronic security is only part of the chain in making a system secure. Electronic security is usually addressed as network or software security, neglecting other aspects, but the chain is only as strong as its weakest link. This book is about electronic hardware security, with an emphasis on problems that you can solve on a shoestring DIY budget. It deals mostly with secure communications, cryptosystems, and espionage. You will quickly appreciate that you can’t simply buy a trustworthy and reliable cryptosystem off the shelf. You will then realise that this applies equally to individuals, corporations, and governments. If you want to increase your electronic security awareness in a world already overcrowded with networks of microphones and cameras, this is a book for you. Furthermore, if you want to do something DIY by designing and expanding upon simple electronic systems, please continue reading. Some of the devices described are already published as projects in the Elektor magazine. Some are still ideas yet to be worked out. Complexity is the main enemy of security, so we'll try to keep to simple systems. Every chapter will analyse real-life espionage events or at least several hypothetical scenarios that will hopefully spark your imagination. The final goal is to build a security-conscious mindset (or “to get into a head of a spy”) which is necessary to recognise possible threats beforehand, to design a truly secure system. Don’t bother reading if: you think you and your secrets are 100% safe and secure you think somebody else can effectively handle your security you think conspiracy theories only exist in theory – Telefunken’s masterpiece the “FS-5000 Harpoon” was built on one!

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