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Programmierung in Assembler und C am Beispiel der ATtiny-Familie Dieses Buch bietet einen eingehenden Blick auf die 8-Bit-AVR-Architektur in ATtiny- und ATmega-Mikrocontrollern, hauptsächlich aus der Sicht der Software und der Programmierung. Erforschen Sie die AVR-Architektur unter Verwendung von C und Assembler in Microchip Studio (früher Atmel Studio) mit ATtiny-Mikrocontrollern. Lernen Sie die Details der internen Funktionsweise von AVR-Mikrocontrollern kennen, einschließlich der internen Register und des Speicherplans von ATtiny-Bausteinen. Programmieren Sie ATtiny-Mikrocontroller mit einem Atmel-ICE-Programmiergerät/Debugger oder verwenden Sie ein preiswertes Hobby-Programmiergerät oder sogar einen Arduino Uno als Programmiergerät. Die meisten Code-Beispiele können mit dem Microchip Studio AVR-Simulator ausgeführt werden. Lernen Sie, Programme für ATtiny-Mikrocontroller in Assembler zu schreiben. Erfahren Sie, wie Assemblersprache in Maschinencodebefehle umgewandelt wird. Finden Sie heraus, wie Programme, die in der Programmiersprache C geschrieben wurden, in Assemblersprache und schließlich in Maschinencode umgewandelt werden. Verwenden Sie den Microchip Studio Debugger in Kombination mit einem Hardware-USB-Programmierer/Debugger, um Assembler- und C-Programme zu testen oder verwenden Sie den Microchip Studio AVR-Simulator. ATtiny-Mikrocontroller im DIP-Gehäuse werden verwendet, um eine einfache Nutzung auf Breadboards zu ermöglichen. Erfahren Sie mehr über Timing und Taktimpuls in AVR-Mikrocontrollern mit ATtiny-Bausteinen. Werden Sie zu einem AVR-Experten mit fortgeschrittenen Debugging- und Programmierfähigkeiten.

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. The ESP-BLASTA Mini ESP32 Rocket Drone That Flies 100 km/h+ Wireless Workshop (1)Radio Modules Unlocked: 433 MHz CC1101 Sub-GHz Transceiver AM TransmitterWith Square/Sine Wave Generator on Raspberry Pi Pico STM32Cube Innovation ChallengeCompete with Your Best STM32C5 Design CoffeeCallerHow a Long Hallway Led to a Custom Mesh-Networked PCB AudiotronicsTotal Harmonic Distortion Elektor at 65Projects from Septembers and Octobers Past Bluetooth Channel Sounding for Asset TrackingCentimeter-Level Precision Ranging for Next-Generation IoT 2026: An AI OdysseyQuantum Computing Is Not the Next GPU Protecting the Cloud Demands Security at the Edge First Experiences with the HackRF ProPractical Tests with the New SDR Hardware Modem Upgrade from GPRS/2G to LTE/4GUsing a Wireless Alarm Control Panel as an Example Loop Antenna with RF BricksPart 1: A DIY Shortwave Antenna with Adjustable Directivity Internet Radio to AM ConverterUsing an ESP32-S3 as Transmitter Err-lectronics mioty — An OverviewFraunhofer’s Approach to LPWAN Workbench WisdomPractical Tips from Experts Walter, the Compact IoT ModulePart 2: Accessing Weather and Data Services

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This multi-axis robot perfectly balances power and size. Features 6 Axis Payload: 3.5 kg Reach: 700 mm Repeatability: 0.1 mm Max Speed 1000 mm/s Applications Machine Tending Bin Picking Mobile platform Lab Automation Robotic Research Durable Collaborative robots for your automation Industrial-grade harmonic drive and servomotors guarantee 24/7 working without stop. Crafted from Carbon fiber, 15 kg weight makes it possible for easier deployment. Flexible deployment with safe feature Hand teaching, lightweight, space-saving and easy to re-deploy to multiple applications without changing your production layout. Perfectly for recurrent tasks. Collision detection is available for all of our cobots. Your safety is always the top priority. Graphical interface for beginner-friendly programming Compatible with various of operation systems, including macOS and Windows. Web-based technology compatible with all major browsers. Drag and drop to create your code in minutes. Powerful and open source SDK at your fingertips Fully functional open-source Python/C++ SDK provides more flexible programming. ROS/ROS2 packages are ready-to-go. Example codes help you to deploy the robotic arm smoothly. Specifications UFactory 850 xArm 5 xArm 6 xArm 7 Payload 5 kg 3 kg 5 kg 3.5 kg Reach 850 mm 700 mm 700 mm 700 mm Degrees of freedom 6 5 6 7 Repeatability ±0.02 mm ±0.1 mm ±0.1 mm ±0.1 mm Maximum Speed 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s Weight (robot arm only) 20 kg 11.2 kg 12.2 kg 13.7 kg Maximum Speed 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s Joint 1 ±360° ±360° ±360° ±360° Joint 2 -132°～132° -118°～120° -118°～120° -118°～120° Joint 3 -242°~3.5° -225°~11° -225°~11° ±360° Joint 4 ±360° -97°~180° ±360° -11°～225° Joint 5 -124°~124° ±360° -97°~180° ±360° Joint 6 ±360° ±360° -97°~180° Joint 7 ±360° Hardware Ambient Temperature Range 0-50°C Power Consumption Min 8.4 W, Typical 200 W, max 400 W Input Power Supply 24 V DC, 16.5 A Footprint Ø 126 mm Materials Aluminum, Carbon Fiber Base Connector Type M5x5 ISO Class Cleanroom 5 Robot Mounting Any End Effector Communication Protocol Modbus RTU(rs485) End Effector I/O 2x DI/2x DO/2x AI/1x RS485 Communication Mode Ethernet Included 1x xArm 7 robotic arm 1x AC control box 1x Robotic arm power cable 1x Robotic arm end effector adapter cable 1x Robotic arm signal cable 1x Control box power cable 1x Network cable 1x Mounting tool 1x Quick start guide

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Architecture, Programming and Applications The MSP430 is a popular family of microcontrollers from Texas Instruments. In this book we will work with the smallest type, which is the powerful MSP430G2553. We will look at the capabilities of this microcontroller in detail, as it is well-suited for self-made projects because it is available in a P-DIP20 package. We will take a closer look at the microcontroller and then build, step by step, some interesting applications, including a 'Hello World' blinking LED and a nice clock application, which can calculate the day of the week based on the date. You also will learn how to create code for the MSP microcontroller in assembler. In addition to that, we will work with the MSP-Arduino IDE, which makes it quite easy to create fast applications without special in-depth knowledge of the microcontrollers. All the code used in the book is available for download from the Elektor website.

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With Examples for Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi Pico and ESP32 Programming small electronic systems has never been more accessible. Tasks that once demanded expensive tools, specialized hardware, and deep electrical engineering expertise can now be tackled with low-cost development boards and approachable software. At the centre of this shift is the Arduino environment, which provides a unified and familiar way to program a wide range of microcontroller platforms—from classic AVR boards like the Arduino UNO to modern ARM-based boards such as the Raspberry Pi Pico, and powerful Wi-Fi-enabled devices like the ESP32. This book introduces embedded programming through the core idea that defines all microcontrollers: reading inputs, processing information, and controlling outputs in a predictable loop. The Arduino environment abstracts much of the hardware complexity, allowing you to focus on behaviour rather than implementation details. With just a few lines of code, you can blink LEDs, read sensors, control motors, and communicate with other devices. While the Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi Pico, and ESP32 boards differ greatly in performance and features, they share the same fundamental building blocks: digital and analog I/O, timers, serial communication, PWM, interrupts, and power management. Learning these concepts within the Arduino framework builds skills that transfer easily across platforms and scale toward more advanced applications. By exploring multiple boards while maintaining a consistent programming approach, this book helps you progress from simple experiments to confidently produce well-structured designs—showing that embedded development can be both practical and enjoyable.

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AVR Architecture and Programming An in-depth look at the 8-bit AVR architecture found in ATtiny and ATmega microcontrollers, mainly from a software and programming point of view. Explore the AVR architecture using C and assembly language in Microchip Studio (formerly Atmel Studio) with ATtiny microcontrollers. Learn the details of how AVR microcontrollers work internally, including the internal registers and memory map of ATtiny devices. Program ATtiny microcontrollers using an Atmel-ICE programmer/debugger, or use a cheap hobby programmer, or even an Arduino Uno as a programmer. Most code examples can be run using the Microchip Studio AVR simulator. Learn to write programs for ATtiny microcontrollers in assembly language. See how assembly language is converted to machine code instructions by the assembler program. Find out how programs written in the C programming language end up as assembly language and finally as machine code instructions. Use the Microchip Studio debugger in combination with a hardware USB programmer/debugger to test assembly and C language programs, or use the Microchip Studio AVR simulator. DIP packaged ATtiny microcontrollers are used in this volume for easy use on electronic breadboards, targeting mainly the ATtiny13(A) and ATtiny25/45/85. Learn about instruction timing and clocks in AVR microcontrollers using ATtiny devices. Be on your way to becoming an AVR expert with advanced debugging and programming skills.

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Wie enigszins bekend is met moderne microprocessor systemen als Arduino, kent ongetwijfeld ook de problemen met dit soort kaarten. Ze zijn te duur om voor elk project een aparte kaart aan te schaffen en zijn bovendien nogal fors van formaat. Het aardige van de ATtiny is dat de schijn bedriegt. Het lijkt een klein IC met een beperkt toepassingsgebied, maar het heeft een verbazingwekkend scala aan (speelse) mogelijkheden. Dit boek beschrijft de enorme veelzijdigheid van de ATtiny microcontroller aan de hand van ongeveer vijftig leuke elektronica projecten, speciaal gericht op de beginner.  De meeste ontwerpen zijn volledig uitgewerkt, enkele zijn meer als ontwerpidee gepresenteerd. De inhoudsopgave laat zien dat we ons op vele terreinen zullen begeven, van zonnevolger tot helling indicator. Dit boek is beslist geen theorieboek. Het is een boek dat gelezen zal worden met de soldeerbout in de hand. Voor het programmeren van de ATtiny maken we dankbaar gebruik van een Arduino kaart. Als de Arduino ingesteld word als programmer, kunnen we er de meeste Arduino “sketches” mee overzetten naar de ATtiny. We wensen u veel plezier met het nabouwen van de schakelingen.

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Elektor GREEN en GOLD leden kunnen deze uitgave hier downloaden.Nog geen lid? Klik hier om een lidmaatschap af te sluiten. Arduino Portenta Machine Control en Arduino Portenta H7CAN/MQTT-gateway: een demoproject Uitgepakt: Elektor’s LCR Meter Kitmet David Cuartielles, mede-oprichter van Arduino! MicroPython betreedt de wereld van Arduino Connected, maar niet complexneem een duik in de Arduino Cloud Kennismaking met TinyMLgroot is niet altijd beter Arduino K-Way:bewust luchtig Arduino-sketches schrijven is nog beter geworden Maak kennis met Arduino Aan de slag met de Portenta X8software veilig beheren met containers Bouw, uitrol en onderhoud van schaalbare, veilige applicatiesop basis van Arduino Portenta X8 – met de i.MX 8M Mini Applications Processor en EdgeLock SE050 Secure Element van NXP Hoe ik mijn huis automatiseerdeFabio Violante (CEO Arduino) over zijn oplossingen Altair 8800-simulatorhardwaresimulatie van een vintage computer MS-DOS op de Portenta H7antieke software op moderne hardware Landbouw in zakformaatdigitaal gestuurde kweekbox voor binnenshuis Met Home Automation de wereld redden?MQTT op de Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect Arduino Pro voor professionals Slimme ovens – de ovens van de toekomst Tagvance maakt bouwlocaties veiliger met Arduino Santagostino krijgt genoeg luchtmet bewaking op afstand en gebruik van AI bij voorspellend onderhoud Beveiliging neemt een hoge vlucht met RIoT Secure’s MKR-gebaseerde oplossing Open-Source brengt de wereld een nieuwe generatie watermanagement Sensoontbossing detecteren met geluidsanalyse De Mozzi Arduino-library voor geluidssynthesegedachten van Tim Barrass De nieuwe Portenta X8 (met Linux!) en Max Carrier herdefiniëren het haalbare Hoe de Arduino studenten aan vaardigheden voor de toekomst helpt Must-haves voor je elektronica-werkplek Het belang van robotica in het onderwijs Betrouwbaar IoT op basis van LoRa Aan de slag met de Portenta Machine Control 8bit-gaming met Arduboy Spaar water op de paardenrenbaanmeet continu de bodemvochtigheid en temperatuurniveau via IoT Het panettone-projectzuurdesemstarter onder controle Met steun van deze Arduino-resellers Space Invaders met Arduino Kunst met Arduinoinspirerende inzichten van kunstenaars en ontwerpers Aan de slag met nieuwe Arduino-hardware! De toekomst van Arduino

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32 new Projects, Practical Examples and Exercises with the Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board Electronics and microcontroller technology offer the opportunity to be creative. This practical microcontroller course provides you with the chance to bring your own Arduino projects and experience such moments of success. Ideally, everything works as you imagined when you switch it on for the first time. In practice, however, things rarely work as expected. At that point, you need knowledge to efficiently search for and find the reason for the malfunction. In this book for advanced users, we delve deep into the world of microcontrollers and the Arduino IDE to learn new procedures and details, enabling you to successfully tackle and solve even more challenging situations. With this book, the author gives the reader the necessary tools to create projects independently and also to be able to find errors quickly. Instead of just offering ready-made solutions, he explains the background, the hardware used, and any tools required. He sets tasks in which the reader contributes their own creativity and writes the Arduino sketch themselves. If you don’t have a good idea and get stuck, there is, of course, a suggested solution for every project and every task, along with the corresponding software, which is commented on and explained in detail in the book. This practical course will teach you more about the inner workings of the Arduino Nano and its microcontroller. You will get to know hardware modules that you can use to realize new and interesting projects. You will familiarize yourself with software methods such as ‘state machines,’ which can often be used to solve problems more easily and clearly. The numerous practical projects and exercise sketches are once again realized on the Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board, which you may already be familiar with from the course book ‘Microcontrollers Hands-on Course for Arduino Starters’, and which contains all the hardware peripherals and operating elements we need for the input/output operations of our sketches. Readers who do not yet own the Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board can purchase the required hardware separately, or alternatively, build it on a breadboard.

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OWON VDS1022I 2-channel USB oscilloscope (25 MHz) is a oscilloscope for use with a computer. It is powered by USB and has a small size, making it easy to take it with you. The oscilloscope is very economical. It has a shielded USB connection, reducing interference and protecting the computer against over-voltage. The multi port on the scope can be used for external triggering, trigger out or Pass / Fail output. Features 25 MHz bandwidth, and max 1 GS/s real-time sample rate 10M record length Friendly UI: FFT, or X-Y, and waveform 2 views displayed on the same screen Multi-trigger option: edge, video, slope, pulse, and alternate USB isolation – less signal inference, more PC protection USB bus powering, and LAN remote control (optional) Ultra-thin body design, easy portability Specifications Bandwidth 25 MHz Channel 2+1 (multi) Sample Rate 100 MSa/s Horizontal Scale (s/div) 5 ns/div～100s/div, step by 1～2～5 Record Length 5K Max Input Voltage 400 V (PK - PK) (DC+AC, PK - PK) 40 V (PK - PK) (DC+AC, PK - PK) Vertical Resolution (A/D) 8 bits (2 channels simultaneously) Model VDS1022I Vertical Sensitivity 5 mV/div～5 V/div Trigger Type Edge, Pulse, Video, Slope, and Alternate Trigger Mode Auto, Normal, and Single Acquisition Mode Sample, Peak Detect, and Average Waveform Math ＋, －, ×, ÷, invert, FFT Communication Interface USB 2.0 (isolation) Multi-function Interface Signal Type Level Standard TTL Power Supply 5.0 V/1 A Power Consumption ≤2.5 W Dimensions (W × H × D) 170 x 120 x 18 mm Weight 0.26 kg Included 1x OWON VDS1022I oscilloscope 1x CD-ROM 1x Quick start guide 2x Oscilloscope probe 1x Probe tool 1x Power adapter 1x USB cable 1x Silicone case protectors 1x Power cable Downloads Datasheet User manual SCPI protocol USB driver

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Projekte mit Arduino, ESPHome, Home Assistant und Raspberry Pi & Co Dieses E-Book enthält verschiedene Projektbeispiele und beginnt mit einer Einführung in die Elektronik. Es erklärt unter anderem, wie man Home Assistant auf einem Raspberry Pi installiert, wie man Raumklimasensoren für Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit nutzt, das MQTT-Protokoll sowie weitere Schnittstellen einsetzt und ESPHome verwendet, um Sensoren und Aktoren in Home Assistant zu integrieren. Zahlreiche Video-Tutorials ergänzen das Buch. Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik Das Buch beginnt mit einer Einführung in die Elektrotechnik. Ihr lernt die Grundlagen von Spannung, Strom, Widerständen, Dioden und Transistoren. Arduino und Mikrocontroller Ein kompletter Abschnitt widmet sich dem Arduino Uno. Ihr lernt den Aufbau kennen, schreibt erste Programme und erarbeitet praktische Beispiele. Home Assistant und Automatisierung Ihr erfahrt, wie Home Assistant auf einem Raspberry Pi eingerichtet wird, und lernt den Umgang mit Automatisierungen, Szenen und Geräten. Zusätzlich wird auf Zigbee, MQTT und ESP-NOW eingegangen – wichtige Technologien für die Heimautomation. ESP8266, ESP32 und ESP32-CAM Die beliebten ESP-Mikrocontroller werden ausführlich behandelt. Nach einer theoretischen Einführung folgen praktische Projekte, die euch zeigen, wie ihr das Beste aus diesen Geräten herausholen könnt. Sensoren und Aktoren Das Buch erklärt die Funktionsweise und Anwendung zahlreicher Sensoren wie Temperatur- und Luftfeuchtigkeitssensoren, Bewegungsmelder und RFID-Reader. Bei den Aktoren werden Schrittmotoren, e-ink Displays, Servo-Motoren und vieles mehr beleuchtet. Zu allen Geräten gibt es praxisnahe Anwendungsbeispiele. ESPHome Dieses Kapitel zeigt euch, wie ihr Sensoren und Aktoren ohne Programmieraufwand in Home Assistant integriert. Ihr werdet Schritt für Schritt durch die Einrichtung mit ESPHome geführt. LEDs und Lichttechnik In diesem Kapitel lernt ihr verschiedene LED-Typen und deren Einsatzmöglichkeiten kennen. Grundlagen der Lichttechnik werden ebenfalls erklärt. Node-RED Ein eigenes Kapitel ist Node-RED gewidmet. Ihr erlernt die Grundlagen dieses leistungsstarken Tools und werdet Schritt für Schritt durch die Einrichtung und Nutzung geführt. Integrierte Schaltkreise (ICs) In der Elektronik gibt es zahlreiche ICs, die uns das Leben erleichtern. Ihr lernt die wichtigsten kennen und wendet das Wissen in praktischen Projekten an. Programmieren für Profis Fortgeschrittene Themen wie die korrekte Verwendung von Tastern, der Einsatz von Interrupts und die Nutzung eines NTP-Servers für Zeit-Synchronisation werden in diesem Kapitel detailliert behandelt. Downloads GitHub

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ModbusRTU and ModbusTCP examples with the Arduino Uno and ESP8266 Introduction to PLC programming with OpenPLC, the first fully open source Programmable Logic Controller on the Raspberry Pi, and Modbus examples with Arduino Uno and ESP8266 PLC programming is very common in industry and home automation. This book describes how the Raspberry Pi 4 can be used as a Programmable Logic Controller. Before taking you into the programming, the author starts with the software installation on the Raspberry Pi and the PLC editor on the PC, followed by a description of the hardware. You'll then find interesting examples in the different programming languages complying with the IEC 61131-3 standard. This manual also explains in detail how to use the PLC editor and how to load and execute the programs on the Raspberry Pi. All IEC languages are explained with examples, starting with LD (Ladder Diagram) over ST (Structured Control Language) to SFC (Special Function Chart). All examples can be downloaded from the author's website. Networking gets thorough attention too. The Arduino Uno and the ESP8266 are programmed as ModbusRTU or ModbusTCP modules to get access to external peripherals, reading sensors and switching electrical loads. I/O circuits complying with the 24 V industry standard may also be of interest for the reader. The book ends with an overview of commands for ST and LD. After reading the book, the reader will be able to create his own controllers with the Raspberry Pi.

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