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Grundlagen und Selbstbau Weshalb nicht damit beginnen, Mikrocontroller-Module selbst zu entwickeln, zumindest aber sich in Gedanken mit solchen Aufgaben zu beschäftigen? Wie Mikrocontroller-Module aufgebaut sind und wozu sie verwendet werden, soll in 'Mikrocontroller-Module – Grundlagen und Selbstbau' dargestellt werden. Das vorliegende Buch beleuchtet Mikrocontroller-Module, die vor allem zum Experimentieren, zum Lernen und zum Einarbeiten in die Entwicklung und Programmierung von Embedded Systems gedacht sind. Die Entwurfsgrundsätze, Lösungsvorschläge und Projekte, die in diesem Buch beschrieben werden, sind aus zwei Ideen hervorgegangen: Erstens können neue Entwicklungen zwischen den weit verbreiteten kostengünstigen Mikrocontroller-Modulen und der industriellen Computer- und Steuerungstechnik ihren Platz finden und zweitens ist es eine Herausforderung an sich, solche Module zu entwickeln und einzusetzen. In den ersten sieben Kapiteln dieses Buches werden die technischen Grundlagen diskutiert und anhand eigener Entwicklungen veranschaulicht. Das achte Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über diesen Modulbaukasten. Alle Fotos aus dem Buch können hier vierfarbig heruntergeladen werden.

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Raspberry Pi 5 provides two four-lane MIPI connectors, each of which can support either a camera or a display. These connectors use the same 22-way, 0.5 mm-pitch “mini” FPC format as the Compute Module Development Kit, and require adapter cables to connect to the 15-way, 1 mm-pitch “standard” format connectors on current Raspbery Pi camera and display products.These mini-to-standard adapter cables for cameras and displays (note that a camera cable should not be used with a display, and vice versa) are available in 200 mm, 300 mm and 500 mm lengths.

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This highly sensitive source picoammeter is designed for measuring and logging very small currents down to the pA range – making it an ideal instrument for scientific and research applications, including physics, materials science and electron microscopy. Full-featured at an affordable price, the SPA100 combines sensitivity, accuracy and stability to allow users to measure low currents with high precision as well as conveniently source bias voltages for experimentation. SPA100 also doubles as an ultra-high resistance meter, measuring accurately into the teraohm range. The SPA100 connects to PC via USB and utilises the complimentary software SPA – enabling users to easily measure, graph and capture readings with timestamps and measurement stability information. Features Input: ±2 mA to ±200 pA in 8 ranges Accuracy and Resolution (2 Hz): ±2 mA range: ±0.1%, resolution <20 nA ±200 uA range: ±0.1%, resolution <2 nA ±20 uA range: ±0.2%, resolution <200 pA ±2 uA range: ±0.2%, resolution <20 pA ±200 nA range: ±0.5%, resolution <2 pA ±20 nA range: ±0.5%, resolution <200 fA ±2 nA range: ±1.0%, resolution <20 fA ±200 pA range: ±1.5%, resolution <2 fA Sample rate: 2 Hz (18 bit) or 10 Hz (16 bit) Adjustable filter: 1 sample to 64 samples Output voltage: -40 V to +40 V (in 1 V increments), output resistance 2.7 Kohms Resistance Measurement: ~1 Kohms to 40 Tohms (e.g 40 V source, 1 pA measure) Accuracy: >±0.5% 1 Mohm to 1 Tohm Powered via USB 2.0 (instrument uses up to 0.3 A when in-use) Included 1x SPA100 Source Picoammeter 1x USB cable Downloads Manual Software

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Aus der Reihe "Stromversorgung ohne Stress" (Band 4) Renaissance der linearen Stromversorgungen Mittlerweile gibt es fast nur noch Schaltnetzteile. Da diese rauschen und stören, sind sie nicht für alle Einsatzzwecke die beste Wahl. Ursache sind durch den Schaltbetrieb erzeugte Hochfrequenzschwingungen, die in die Netzleitung und die Umgebung strahlen. Lineare Netzteile liefern Gleichspannungen von höchster Qualität. Über Brummen und Rauschen braucht man sich wenig Sorgen zu machen. Auch der Aufbau ist im Vergleich zu Schaltnetzteilen unkritisch. Wenn man überhaupt von Nachteilen bei linearen Netzteilen sprechen kann, wäre nur das höhere Gewicht zu nennen. Lineare Stromversorgungen sind auch einfach zu verstehen, können aus Standard-Bauteilen aufgebaut werden, sind leicht zu modifizieren und reparaturfähig und damit nachhaltig. In diesem Buch geht es um den Entwurf und den Bau von linearen Stromversorgungssystemen für kleine und große Leistungen. Aber auch Randthemen wie die lineare Steuerung von Verbrauchern und Kompromissen aus Kombinationen von Schaltnetzteil und linearem Netzteil oder Hilfsschaltungen wie lineare Lasten sind Bestandteil des Buches. Bei dieser Gelegenheit gibt es ausreichend Raum für die Besprechung der Grundlagen, der technischen Details, der Fallstricke und von Tipps und Tricks.

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Digitale Systeme mit FPGAs entwickeln (E-book)

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The OWON XSA815-TG (9 kHz-1.5 GHz) is a cost effective spectrum analyzer with tracking generator included and a frequency resolutions of 1 Hz. Features Frequency Range from 9 kHz to 1.500009 GHz 9-inch display 9 kHz to 1 MHz -95 dBm Displayed Average Noise Level, 1 MHz to 500 MHz 140 dBm (Typical), <-130 dBm Phase Noise -10 kHz <-80 dBc/Hz 100 kHz <-100 dBc/Hz 1 MHz <-115 dBc/Hz Resolution Bandwidth (-3 dB): 1 Hz to 1 MHz, in 1-3-5-10 sequence Tracking Generator Kit: 100 kHz to 1.500009 GHz Specifications Frequency Range 9 kHz to 500.009 MHz Frequency Resolution 1 Hz Frequency Span 9 kHz to 1.500009 GHz Span Range 0 Hz, 100 Hz to max frequency of instrument Span Uncertainty ±span / (sweep points-1) SSB Phase Noise (20°C to 30°C, fc=1 GHz) Carrier Offset 10 kHz <-80 dBc/Hz | 100 kHz <-100 dBc/Hz | 1 MHz <-115 dBc/Hz Resolution Bandwidth (-3 dB) 1 Hz to 1 MHz, in 1-3-5-10 sequence RBW Accuracy <5% typical Resolution Filter Shape Factor (60 dB: 3 dB) <5 typical Video Bandwidth (-3 dB) 10 Hz to 1 MHz, in 1-3-5-10 sequence Amplitude measurement range DANL to +10 dBm, 100 kHz to 10 MHz, Preamp Off DANL to +20 dBm, 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz, Preamp Off Reference Level -80 dBm to +30 dBm, 0.01dB by step Preamp 20 dB, nominal, 100 kHz to 1.5 GHz Input Attenuator 0 to 40 dB, 1 dB by step Display Average Noise Level Input attenuation = 0 dB, RBW = VBW = 100 Hz, sample detector, trace average ≥ 50, 20°C to 30°C, input impedance = 50 Ω) Preamp Off 9 kHz to 1 MHz -95 dBm (Typical), <-88 dBm Preamp Off 1 MHz to 500 MHz -140 dBm (Typical), <-130 dBm Preamp On 100 kHz to 1 MHz -135 dBm (Typical), <-128 dBm Preamp On 1 MHz to 500 MHz -160 dBm (Typical),<-150 dBm Tracking Generator (optional) Frequency Range 100 kHz to 1.500009 GHz Output power level range -40 dBm to 0 dBm Output level resolution 1 dB Output flatness Relative to 50 MHz | ±3 dB Tracking generator spurious Harmonic spurious -30 dBc (Tracking generator output power -10 dBm) Non-harmonic spurious -40 dBc (Tracking generator output power -10 dBm) Tracking generator to input terminal isolation -60 dB (Tracking generator output power 0 dBm) Tracking generator to input terminal isolation -60 dB (Tracking generator output power 0 dBm) Tracking generator to input terminal isolation -60 dB (Tracking generator output power 0 dBm) Dimensions 375 x 185 x 120 mm Weight 3.7 kg Included 1x XSA815-TG 1x 220 V AC power cord 1x USB Cable 1x Quickstart guide Downloads Quick Guide Specifications

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Raspberry Pi goes Industry (E-book)

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Applikationshandbuch für EMV-Filter, getaktete Stromversorgungen & HF-Schaltungen Der Schwerpunkt des Buches liegt bei Applikationsschaltungen und der Auswahl von passenden Bauelementen, sowie Layoutempfehlungen unter Berücksichtigung von EMV-Gesichtspunkten. Inhalt Grundlagen Anhand der wichtigsten Gesetzmäßigkeiten und Grundlagen induktiver Bauelemente, Ersatzschaltbildern und Simulationsmodelle wird dem Leser elektrotechnisches Basiswissen vermittelt. Bauelemente Das Kapitel stellt induktive Bauelemente sowie deren besondere Eigenschaften und Einsatzbereiche vor. Von EMV-Komponenten über Induktivitäten, Übertragern, HF-Bauteilen, Bauelemente für Überspannungsschutz, Abschirmmaterialien bis hin zu Kondensatoren werden alle relevanten Bauelemente erläutert. Anwendungen Der Leser erhält in diesem Kapitel einen umfassenden Einblick in das Prinzip von Filterschaltungen, in Schaltungstechnik sowie in zahlreiche Industrie-Applikationen, die ausführlich anhand von Originalbeispielen erklärt werden.

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The SQ series of handsfree PCBite probes from Sensepeek are insulated, come with included color-coded cable holders and have a lower point of gravity making them even more stable compared with the original SP series of probes. All the loved features of handsfree measurement, exchangeable fine pitch spring tipped test needle and the minimalistic design is maintained to make traditional sized and handheld probes obsolete. Features All handsfree probes from Sensepeek makes instant measurements or long triggering sessions a breeze. No more soldering wires to connect your probe or complicated tools to setup, just positioning the probe needle on any test point or component in the signal path and release. Saves time and frustration during development, verification and repairs. The minimalist design and the spring-loaded test needle makes it possible to simultaneously measure on fine pitch components and nearby signals. Both length and weight of the SQ probes are perfectly balanced to be used with PCBite PCB holders and base plate which is a must for handsfree function. The probe holder comes with a powerful magnet in the base, as for all PCBite probes and holders which makes the probe easy to place and reposition. The SQ series of probes can be used handheld without the probe holder as they have an insulated grip but their full potential is used when measuring handsfree. Included 4x PCBite PCB holders 2x SQ10 probes and pin tipped test needles (red/black) 2x Banana to dupont test wires (red/black) 1x Large Base plate (A4) 1x Insulation cover for the base plate (A4) 1x Set of yellow insulation washers for the PCB holders 1x Set of cable holders (red/black) 2x Extra test needles 1x Micro fiber cloth Downloads User Guide (PCBite Kit) User Guide (SQ10)

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The tinySA Ultra+ ZS-407 is a compact, handheld spectrum analyzer and signal generator. Covering 100 kHz to 7.3 GHz in Ultra mode, it lets you visualize and analyze RF signals from HF right through many modern wireless bands – and can even spot signals up to ~12 GHz thanks to harmonic tracking. The intuitive 4-inch resistive touchscreen and rechargeable battery make it great for fieldwork, while features like a built-in signal generator, switchable bandpass filters, step attenuator, USB-PC control and auto-calibration add serious versatility. Features Screen size: 4 inch (480 x 320) Spectrum Analyzer for 0.1-900 MHz or, with Ultra mode enabled up to 7.3 GHz, level calibrated up to 7.3 GHz. Can observe signals up to 12 GHz Signal Generator with sine wave output between 0.1-900 MHz or square wave up to 6.3 GHz or RF test signal output up to 7.3 GHz when not used as Spectrum Analyzer. Switchable resolution bandpass filters from 200 Hz to 850 kHz Built-in 20 dB optional LNA Color display showing max 450 points providing gapless covering up to the full frequency range. MicroSD card slot for storing measurements, settings and screen captures. Specifications (Spectrum Analyzer) Input frequency range from 100 kHz to 900 MHz in normal mode and up to 7.3 GHz with ULTRA mode enabled Input impedance 50 ohm when input attenuation set to 10 dB or more. Selectable manual and automatic input attenuation between 0 dB and 31 dB in 1 dB steps when LNA not active Maximum +/-5V DC input Absolute maximum input level of +6 dBm with 0 dB internal attenuation Absolute maximum short term peak input power of +20 dBm with 30 dB internal attenuation Suggested maximum input power of +0 dBm with internal attenuation in automatic mode For best measurements keep input power below -25 dBm Input Intercept Point of third order modulation products (IIP3) of +15 dBm with 0 dB internal attenuation 1 dB compression point at -1 dBm with 0 dB internal attenuation Power detector resolution of 0.5 dB and linearity versus frequency of ±2 dB below 5.3 GHz, ±5dB between 5.3 GHz and 6 GHz Minimum burst length for correct level measurement at 850 kHz RBW in zero span mode of 50 microseconds Absolute power level accuracy after power level calibration of ±2 dB Built-in optional 20 dB LNA with Noise Figure of 5 dB up to 6 GHz Lowest discernible signal without LNA at 30 MHz using a resolution bandwidth of 30 kHz of -102 dBm Lowest discernible signal with LNA at 30 MHz using a resolution bandwidth of 200 Hz of -145 dBm Frequency accuracy equal to the selected resolution bandwidth Phase noise at 30 MHz of -108 dB/Hz at 100 kHz offset and -115 dB/Hz at 1MHz offset Spur free dynamic range when using a 30 kHz resolution bandwidth of 70 dB Resolution filters with a width of 0.2, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 600 and 850 kHz On screen resolution of 51, 101, 145, 290 or 450 measurement points. Scanning speed of over 1000 points/second using largest resolution filters. Automatic optimization of actual scanning points to ensure coverage of the whole scan range regardless of the chosen resolution bandwidth Spur suppression option for assessing if certain signals are internally generated or actually present in the input signal Headphone output for listening to the demodulated audio (AM only). Stereo connector with or without microphone, high impedance is louder, short protected Specifications (Signal Generator) Sine wave output with harmonics below -40 dB of fundamental from 100 kHz to 900 MHz Output level selectable in 1 dB steps between -115 dBm and -19 dBm Above 800 MHz choice of two output modes: Cleanest signal mode: square wave, up to 6 GHz with coarse frequency steps and less accurate output level Highest accuracy mode: reduced harmonics with possibly strong spurs up to 7.3 GHz with frequency resolution equal to below 800 MHz and fine output level steps Level accuracy ±2 dB up to 800 MHz between -72 dBm and -19 dBm, less accuracy below -72 dBm, even less accuracy below -110 dBm Output frequency resolution 57.2 Hz Optional AM or FM modulation frequencies between 50 Hz and 5 kHz (AM) or 1 kHz (FM) or sweep over selectable frequency span AM modulation depth between 10% and 100% FM deviation between 1 kHz and 300 kHz Optional output level sweep over maximum the entire output level range Included 1x tinySA Ultra+ ZS407 Spectrum Analyzer 2x SMA connection cables 1x Barrel connector 1x Antenna with SMA connector 1x USB-C cable 1x microSD card (32 GB) Downloads Wiki

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The OWON XDM1041 is a fast, high-precision digital True RMS benchtop multimeter with a high-resolution 3.5-inch LCD and 50,000 counts. Its DC voltage accuracy is up to 0.05% and it can measure up to 65 values per second. Features 3.5“ high-resolution LCD (480x320 pixels) 55000 counts, DC voltage accuracy up to 0.05% Up to 65 readings per second Dual line display supported Trend analysis accessible in chart mode AC True RMS measurements (bandwidth: 20 Hz – 1 kHz) SCPI support: Remote control the multimeter through PC software via USB port Data record function, you can record the measured data into internal memory, and then read and process the recorded data with your computer. Specifications Measurement Range Resolution Accuracy DC Voltage 50.000 mV 0.001 mV 0.1% +10 500.00 mV 0.01 mV 0.05% +5 5.0000 V 0.0001 V 0.05% +5 50.000 V 0.001 V 0.05% +5 500.00 V 0.01 V 0.1% +5 1000.0 V 0.1 V 0.1% +10 AC Voltage 500 mV～750 V 20 Hz～45 Hz 1% +30 45 Hz～65 Hz 0.5% +30 65 Hz～1 KHz 0.7% +30 DC Current 500 uA 0.01 uA 0.15% +20 5000 uA 0.1 uA 0.15% +10 50 mA 0.001 mA 0.15% +20 500 mA 0.01 mA 0.15% +10 5 A 0.0001 A 0.5% +10 10 A 0.001 A 0.5% +10 AC Current 500 uA～500 mA 20 Hz～1 KHz 0.5% +20 5 A-10 A 1.5% +20 Resistance 500 Ω 0.01 Ω 0.15% +10 5 KΩ 0.0001 KΩ 0.15% +5 50 KΩ 0.001 KΩ 0.15% +5 500 KΩ 0.01 KΩ 0.15% +5 5 MΩ 0.0001 MΩ 0.3% +5 50 MΩ 0.001 MΩ 1% +10 Frequency 10.000 Hz～60 MHz / ±(0.2% +10) Capacitance 50 nF～500 uF / 2.5% +10 5 mF～50 mF 5% +10 Diode 3.0000 V 0.0001 V / Continuity 1000 Ω 0.1 Ω Adjustable threshold Temperature K type, PT100 Max Display 55,000 counts Data-logging Function Logging Duration 15ms～9999.999s Logging Length 1,000 points Display 3.5“ TFT LCD (480x320 pixels) Power supply 230 V AC mains voltage Dimensions 200 x 88 x 150 mm Weight approx. 0.5 kg Included 1x OWON XDM1041 Multimeter 1x Power cord 2x Test leads 1x Fuse 1x USB cable 1x Manual Downloads Programming Manual PC Software

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Met ringkern-uitgangstranformatoren Buizenversterkers vormen voor velen het neusje van de zalm, wanneer het gaat om de versterking van audiosignalen. De combinatie van klassieke techniek met moderne componenten heeft geleid tot een ware revival van de buizenversterker. De toepassing van de in de afgelopen 15 jaar door de auteur ontwikkelde 'ringkern-uitgangstransformatoren' heeft daar mede toe bijgedragen. Opvallend aan deze transformatoren zijn vooral het extreem grote frequentie bereik en de geringe lineaire en niet-lineaire vervormingen. Het hoe en waarom van de transformator wordt op verschillende niveaus uitgelegd, beginnend bij inleidende begripsvorming en eindigende bij complete wiskundige beschrijvingen, waarbij ook de samenwerking van de transformator met de buizen en de luidspreker centraal staat. Naast de beschrijving van schematuur en zelfbouw van eenvoudig na te bouwen moderne high-end buizenversterkers met een uitgangsvermogen van 10 tot 100 Watt, worden bijzondere buizenversterkers met ringkerntransformatoren besproken: innovatieve oplossingen voor perfecte audiokwaliteit. Zowel de zelfbouwer als degene die kennis en inzicht wil verwerven in de complexe materie van transformatoren, buizenversterkers en audiosignaalverwerking zal dit boek met plezier ter hand nemen.

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