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The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller development system encompassing hardware, an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and a vast number of libraries. It is supported by an enormous community of programmers, electronic engineers, enthusiasts, and academics. The libraries in particular really smooth Arduino programming and reduce programming time. What’s more, the libraries greatly facilitate testing your programs since most come fully tested and working. The Raspberry Pi 4 can be used in many applications such as audio and video media devices. It also works in industrial controllers, robotics, games, and in many domestic and commercial applications. The Raspberry Pi 4 also offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capability which makes it great for remote and Internet-based control and monitoring applications. This book is about using both the Raspberry Pi 4 and the Arduino Uno in PID-based automatic control applications. The book starts with basic theory of the control systems and feedback control. Working and tested projects are given for controlling real-life systems using PID controllers. The open-loop step time response, tuning the PID parameters, and the closed-loop time response of the developed systems are discussed together with the block diagrams, circuit diagrams, PID controller algorithms, and the full program listings for both the Raspberry Pi and the Arduino Uno. The projects given in the book aim to teach the theory and applications of PID controllers and can be modified easily as desired for other applications. The projects given for the Raspberry Pi 4 should work with all other models of Raspberry Pi family. The book covers the following topics: Open-loop and closed-loop control systems Analog and digital sensors Transfer functions and continuous-time systems First-order and second-order system time responses Discrete-time digital systems Continuous-time PID controllers Discrete-time PID controllers ON-OFF temperature control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based temperature control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based DC motor control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based water level control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno PID-based LED-LDR brightness control with Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno

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Praxisnahe Projekte, Profi-Tricks und eigene Anwendungen Dieses Buch führt Sie Schritt für Schritt in die faszinierende Welt der State Machines ein und zeigt, wie Sie Hardware direkt und effizient ansteuern können – jenseits klassischer CPU-gesteuerter Ansätze. In diesem Buch lernen Sie: LEDs und NeoPixel kreativ steuern: Blinken, Dimmen, Farbwechsel und komplexe Animationen Taster und Encoder zuverlässig auslesen und in Echtzeit in Ihre Projekte integrieren Analoge Eingänge (ADC) nutzen und Signale digital steuern Servos präzise ansteuern und Bewegungsabläufe automatisieren SPI mit PIO umsetzen, um Displays, Sensoren und Module anzusteuern Menüsysteme und Submenüs auf SPI-Displays realisieren, inklusive Navigation über mehrere Taster PWM, Signalgenerierung und Frequenzsteuerung für akustische oder visuelle Effekte Debugging-Strategien und Tipps, um Ihre PIO-Programme effizient zu entwickeln Alle Beispiele sind praxisnah, sofort umsetzbar und zuverlässig. Mit klaren Anleitungen, Hintergrundwissen und fertigen Codebeispielen lernen Sie, die PIO-Fähigkeiten des Pico maximal zu nutzen – egal ob für Maker-Projekte, Prototypen oder professionelle Anwendungen. Erleben Sie, wie Sie komplexe Hardwaresteuerung elegant mit dem Pico realisieren können – schneller, flexibler und leistungsfähiger als je zuvor.

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Program, build, and master over 60 projects with Python The Raspberry Pi 5 is the latest single-board computer from the Raspberry Pi Foundation. It can be used in many applications, such as in audio and video media centers, as a desktop computer, in industrial controllers, robotics, and in many domestic and commercial applications. In addition to the well-established features found in other Raspberry Pi computers, the Raspberry Pi 5 offers Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (classic and BLE), which makes it a perfect match for IoT as well as in remote and Internet-based control and monitoring applications. It is now possible to develop many real-time projects such as audio digital signal processing, real-time digital filtering, real-time digital control and monitoring, and many other real-time operations using this tiny powerhouse. The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi 5 computer and covers the important topics of accessing the computer locally and remotely. Use of the console language commands as well as accessing and using the desktop GUI are described with working examples. The remaining parts of the book cover many Raspberry Pi 5-based hardware projects using components and devices such as LEDs and buzzers LCDs Ultrasonic sensors Temperature and atmospheric pressure sensors The Sense HAT Camera modules Example projects are given using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules to send and receive data from smartphones and PCs, and sending real-time temperature and atmospheric pressure data to the cloud. All projects given in the book have been fully tested for correct operation. Only basic programming and electronics experience are required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full Python program listings are given for all projects described.

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AI in Practice Dive into the fascinating world of robotics and automation! This Elektor Special shows you how to build your own robots with creativity, a little know-how, and affordable technology. From your first DIY project with Arduino or Raspberry Pi to intelligent systems with AI – this issue makes modern robotics understandable and accessible. Discover practical instructions, inspiring projects, and exciting insights into the maker scene. Learn how experimentation, community, and openness give rise to true innovation – and why robotics is so much more than just a technical hobby. Contents Imagination turns into reality Arduino-controlled Drawing Robot GalaxyRVR Mars Rover Kit for Arduino YDLIDAR X4Pro Lidar xHuskyLens AI Camera DOF Robot Arm with Raspberry Pi Pico Manufacturing Robots with Fischertechnik Pneumatic Industrial Robot Why Do We Keep Building Robot Dogs? Elektor Mini-Wheelie Robot Vehicles and Autonomous Driving

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Learn how to use the ESP32 Microcontroller and MicroPython programming in your future projects! The project book, written by well-known Elektor author Dogan Ibrahim, holds many software- and hardware-based projects especially developed for the MakePython ESP32 Development Kit. The kit comes with several LEDs, sensors, and actuators. The kit will help you acquire the basic knowledge to create IoT projects. The book’s fully evaluated projects feature all the supplied components. Each project includes a block diagram, a circuit diagram, a full program listing, and a complete program description. Included in the kit 1x MakePython ESP32 development board with LCD 1x Ultrasonic ranging module 1x Temperature and humidity sensor 1x Buzzer module 1x DS18B20 module 1x Infrared module 1x Potentiometer 1x WS2812 module 1x Sound sensor 1x Vibration sensor 1x Photosensitive resistance module 1x Pulse sensor 1x Servo motor 1x USB cable 2x Button 2x Breadboard 45x Jumper wire 10x Resistor 330R 10x LED (Red) 10x LED (Green) 1x Project book (206 pages) 46 Projects in the Book LED Projects Blinking LED Flashing SOS Blinking LED – using a timer Alternately flashing LEDs Button control Changing the LED flashing rate using pushbutton interrupts Chasing-LEDs Binary-counting LEDs Christmas lights (random-flashing 8 LEDs) Electronic dice Lucky day of the week Pulsewidth Modulation (PWM) Projects Generate a 1000-Hz PWM waveform with 50% duty cycle LED brightness control Measuring the frequency and duty cycle of a PWM waveform Melody maker Simple electronic organ Servo motor control Servo motor DS18B20 thermometer Analog To Digital Converter (ADC) Projects Voltmeter Plotting the analog input voltage ESP32 internal temperature sensor Ohmmeter Photosensitive resistance module Digital To Analog Converter (DAC) Projects Generating fixed voltages Generating a sawtooth-wave signal Generating a triangular-wave signal Arbitrary periodic waveform Generating a sinewave signal Generating accurate sinewave signal using timer interrupts Using The OLED Display Seconds counter Event counter DS18B20 OLED based digital thermometer ON-OFF temperature controller Measuring the temperature and humidity Ultrasonic distance measurement Height of a person (stadiometer) Heart rate (pulse) measurement Other Sensors Supplied with the Kit Theft alarm Sound-activated light Infrared obstacle avoidance with buzzer WS2812 RGB LED ring Timestamping temperature and humidity readings Network Programming Wi-Fi scanner Remote control from the Internet browser (using a smartphone or PC) – Web Server Storing temperature and humidity data in the Cloud Low-Power Operation Using a timer to wake up the processor

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The X500 V2 ARF Kit is an affordable, lightweight, and robust carbon fiber professional drone kit that is easy to assemble (less than 15 minutes). It comes with the X500 V2 Frame Kit and motors, ESCs, power distribution boards and propellers preinstalled. It is perfectly compatible with various flight controllers such as the Holybro Pixhawk series, Durandal, Pix32 V5, etc. There are numerous improvements compared the previous model. Specifications Wheelbase: 500 mm Motor mount pattern: 16x16 mm Frame body: 144x144 mm, 2 mm thick Landing gear height: 215 mm Space between top and bottom plates: 28 mm Weight: 610 g Flight time: ~18 minutes hover with no additional payload. Tested with 5000 mAh battery. Payload: 1500 g (without battery, 70% throttle) Battery recommendation: 4S 3000-5000 mAh 20C+ with XT60 Lipo battery (not Included) Included X500 V2 Frame Kit With Preinstalled Items: 4x Motors: Holybro 2216 KV920 Motor (4 pcs) with XT30 Plug 4x ESCs (BLHeli S ESC 20A) 6x 1045 Propellers Power Distribution Board – XT60 plug for battery & XT30 plug for ESCs & peripherals Note: Depth camera mount is sold separately.

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Diese Ausgabe steht allen GOLD- und GREEN-Mitgliedern auf der ElektorMagazine-Website zum Download bereit! Sie sind noch kein Mitglied? Hier klicken! Die Open-Source-Prozessorarchitektur RISC-V16 Boards und MCUs, die Sie kennen sollten Audio-Player mit FPGA und EqualizerTeil 1. Digitale Audiosignale mischen mit einem MKR Vidor 4000 von Arduino Laserkopf für Pico-basierte SanduhrZeichnen mit Licht Nehmen Sie teil am STM32 Edge AI Contest! Umweltüberwachung von Pflanzen mit mehreren SensorenDrahtlose Messung der Wasserversorgung und Lichtverhältnisse Maixduino: Automatischer KI-TüröffnerGesichtserkennung mit einer Kamera Embedded-Elektronik 2024KI wird die Branche neu definieren Ladungsbasiertes In-Memory Compute bei EnCharge AI KI-Inferencing bei 10-fach geringerer Leistungsaufnahme zu 20-fach geringeren Kosten Click-Board hilft bei der Entwicklung und dem Training von ML-Modellen für die Schwingungsanalyse Der Elektor Mini-WheelieEin Bausatz für einen selbstbalancierenden Roboter MCU, ich sehe dich!MCUViewer, ein Open-Source-Multiplattform-Debugging-Werkzeug USB-2.0-IsolatorGeräte galvanisch isoliert per USB verbinden Eingriff vor dem SchadenPredictive Maintenance in der Praxis SPoE - Elektromagnetische VerträglichkeitSingle-Pair mit Power-over-Ethernet im EMV-Fokus Retro-TechnikWie das Farbfernsehen eine neue Welt schuf EKG-MonitorMit Hexabitz-Modulen und einem STM32CubeMonitor Der Kampf um KI at the Edge HaLow erreicht Rekorddistanz von 16 km für WLAN bei 900 MHz Erster CHERI RISC-V-Embedded Chip und Early Access Programm Die dritte Generation der Waldbrandfrüherkennung nutzt Satellitenverbindungen Aus dem Leben gegriffenDie Qual der Wahl Aller Anfang......ist nicht schwer: Wir setzen die Filterung und Klangregelung fort. Riesen-LED-UhrNeuauflage eines Elektor-Klassikers Ein modularer Ansatz für die SensorprüfungDas Sensor Evaluation Board mit ESP32-S3 2025: Eine Odyssee in die KIDer Aufstieg der Basismodelle und ihre Rolle bei der Demokratisierung der KImocratizing AI Standalone MIDI-Synthesizer mit Raspberry PTeil 1: Eine Plattform für Edge-KI-Experimente vorbereiten Projekt 2.0Korrekturen, Updates und Leserbriefe CPU, GPU, DSP, FPGA; ein universeller KI-RISC-V-Prozessor kann alles! CEO-Interview: Ventivas dünne und kühle Technologie Dual-Core-Programmierung beim Raspberry Pi PicoEinstieg in die Welt der parallelen Programmierung

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Pfiffige Projekte zum Messen, Steuern und Regeln Der Raspberry Pi dominiert seit vielen Jahren die Maker-Szene. Frei verfügbare I/O-Pins machten ihn zu einem der beliebtesten Prozessorboards aller Zeiten. Allerdings verfügt der klassische Raspberry Pi über keinerlei Analogeingänge. Eine direkte Messung analoger Werte ist damit nicht möglich. So können weder Photodioden noch NTCs oder Hallsensoren etc. unmittelbar ausgelesen werden. Zudem sind die Pins direkt, d. h. ohne Treiber oder Schutzschaltung, mit den freiliegenden Kontakten verbunden. Dadurch kann der zentrale Controller und damit der gesamte Raspberry Pi schnell zerstört werden. Mit dem Pico können diese Probleme elegant gelöst werden. Er kann als sogenanntes „Frontend“ problemlos vielfältige Messaufgaben übernehmen. Zudem ist der Pico deutlich preisgünstiger als ein klassischer Raspberry Pi 4. Falls eine Fehlbeschaltung zur Zerstörung des Pico führt, ist dies vor allem für nicht-professionelle Anwender relativ leicht zu verkraften. Der klassische Raspberry Pi und der Pico werden so zum idealen Duo. Das Buch führt entsprechend in das weite und hochaktuelle Gebiet der modernen Controllertechnik anhand der beiden Boards „Raspberry Pi 4“ und „Raspberry Pi Pico“ ein. Neben einer tiefergehenden Einführung in die Arbeits- und Funktionsweise der Controllerboards selbst wird insbesondere auch auf die Messwerterfassung und -verarbeitung mit digitalen Prozessoren eingegangen. Insbesondere die Kombination beider Systeme bietet vielfältige und hochinteressante Möglichkeiten. Praktische Projekte aus dem Inhalt: USB-Verbindung zwischen Raspberry Pi 4 und Pico I²C-Kommunikation und Pico als I²C-Device Voltmeter und Computerthermometer Pico W als Web-Server und WLAN-Scanner Frequenzmesser und -generatoren OLED-Displays an Pico und Raspberry Pi 4 Energiesparmonitor Welche Astronauten sind im Orbit? Mini-Monitor für den aktuellen Bitcoin-Kurs

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Diese Ausgabe steht allen GOLD- und GREEN-Mitgliedern auf der ElektorMagazine-Website zum Download bereit! Sie sind noch kein Mitglied? Hier klicken! PIO-Programmierung des Raspberry Pi PicoNeun Befehle, viele Möglichkeiten KI aus dem Browser befreienSo nutzen Sie KI-CLIs zum Programmieren, Kompilieren und Validieren von Embedded-Projekten Der Scrutiny DebuggerDebuggen, Visualisieren und Testen von Embedded-C/C++ Code Sigfox-Breakout-Board (Teil 1)Ein selbst gebautes Funk-BoB Rauscharmes Labor-Netzteil (Teil 2)Konstruktion, Montage und praktische Implementierung Einfacher Signalgenerator mit dem RP2040Analoge und digitale Signale für rund 10 Euro Matter und Edge-KI für die Smart Homes der ZukunftBieten die neuesten Updates von Matter und der Aufstieg der Edge-KI Entwicklern endlich die Werkzeuge, um das versprochene intelligente und vernetzte Smart Home zu schaffen? Die SMU für alleSiglent bringt die SMM3000X-Serie auf den Markt DifferenzdrucksensorenVorausschauende Wartung in HLK-Systemen Security by DesignSchadensbegrenzung durch Entwicklungsprinzipien Embedded Security ist nicht mehr optional CRA und PQC setzen neue Prioritäten für Embedded-SicherheitWarum auch kleine IoT- und Industrie-Unternehmen einen Upgrade-Plan benötigen embedded world 2026Interview mit Benedikt Weyerer, Executive Director der embedded world I3C in der PraxisMit Hardware von ST und Microchip Das BLEnky-ProjektSchnelles Prototyping für Bluetooth-Low-Energy-Anwendungen PulsbreitensteuerungVom einfachen Thermostat bis zum geglätteten Analogsignal AudiotronicsKlangvolle Elektronik zum Selberbauen ESP32-Audio-Transceiver-Board (Teil 4)Taktsynchronisation – und eine kabelgebundene Option 2026: Eine KI-OdysseeDer Vibe-Coding-Kater von 2025 Symmetrische DC-LastGleichstromlast, statisch oder dynamisch und symmetrisch Gesichter zählen mit MaixCAMEine einfache Methode zur Erfassung von Publikumsgrößen

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The minimalist design and the spring loaded test needle makes it possible to simultaneously measure on fine pitch components and nearby signals. The probe is steady but yet flexible made for instant measurements or total hands-free operations together with your multimeter, logic analyzer or preferred tool. The dual pin header connector fits directly on a 2.54 mm (0.100”) connector. The SP10 comes with a powerful magnet in the base, as for all PCBite probes and holders which makes the probe easy to place and reposition. Included 4x PCBite holder 1x Large base plate (A4) 4x PCBite probe with pin tipped test needle 4x Extra crown tipped test needle 1x Set of yellow insulation washers 5x Dupont to dupont test wire 2x Banana to dupont test wire 1x Microfiber cloth Downloads User Guide

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This complete STM32 microcontroller programming course features a textbook, a component kit, hands-on projects, and a comprehensive online course. It is ideal for step-by-step learning of embedded systems programming with Arduino using a practical, hands-on approach. A Practical Introduction to Embedded Systems with the STM32 This course is designed for people who are new to embedded systems and looking for a structured, example-driven way to get started. A kit of parts comprising LEDs and resistors, switches, sensors and actuators, displays, a breadboard and wires, and more is included. These are used in the course to illustrate example applications. No prior experience with Arduino or embedded development is required. Each section features hands-on examples and mini projects designed to reinforce key concepts and inspire deeper exploration. By the end of the course, you’ll be able not only to reproduce the examples but also to build on them with your own ideas and applications. What Will You Learn? Microcontroller programming in C/C++ with the STM32 using the Arduino IDE Working with Digital I/O, read buttons and encoders, control LEDs and relays Read analog inputs, voltages, and analog sensors Generating analog output signals and PWM Use serial communication like UART, I²C and SPI to control displays and read digital sensors and SD cards Managing time Working with interrupts Real-time sensor input and control via buttons, LEDs, and displays Control actuators like relays and servo motors Debug programs using breakpoints and stepping through code Who Is It For? Students and self-learners exploring embedded systems Makers and IoT enthusiasts looking to improve their hardware skills Educators and trainers seeking ready-to-teach material What's Inside the Box? Access to the full course on the Elektor Academy Pro Learning Platform STM32 NUCLEO-F411RE microcontroller board Book: Arduino for STM32 Downloadable project files for every module Component Box: 2× LED, red, 5 mm LED, green, 5 mm 3× Resistor, 470 Ω, 0.25 W LDR Potentiometer, 10 kΩ, linear Pushbutton Rotary encoder module Relay module DHT22 Humidity & Temperature Sensor TM1637-compatible 4-digit 7-segment display MPU-6050 IMU with headers SSD1306-compatible I²C OLED display Micro SD card adapter with header Buzzer SG90 Micro Servo ILI9341-compatible SPI 240×320 TFT display 20× Jumper wires Breadboard

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. electronica fast forward 2022 Start- & Scale-Up AwardsPreparations Speeding Up! Bluetooth Low Energy with ESP32-C3 and ESP32You Don’t Always Need to Choose Wi-Fi! Bluetooth Low Energy SnifferHacking a makerdiary nRF52840 MDK USB Dongle Magic RGB LED CubeHardware Design Around an RP2040 Auto On/Off for Solder Paste Compressor Elektor Video ContentLivestreams, Webinars, and Courses for Engineers and Pro Makers Bicycle ElectrificationHands-On with an E-Bike Retrofit Kit Starting Out in ElectronicsMultiplying Voltages From Life’s ExperienceSidelines Teensy 4.0Why Is This Board So Fast? Audio Power Amplifier Simulation with TINAThe Try-Before-You-Build Approach Develop and Operate Your LoRaWAN IoT NodesSample Chapter: Dragino LHT65, LDS01, and LDS02 LoRaWAN Modules Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates and Readers’ Letters 5G Just for MeGaining Complete Control of 5G Deployments with Private Cellular Networks Infographics 7-8/2022 How Does My Device Learn to Transmit?Applications with Wi-Fi Interfaces Smartphones are the Heart of the IoT Audio Spectrum Analyzer with DekatronsA New Way to Use Vintage Tubes Sending Data to TelegramGet It Done with an ESP32 and a Few Parts A Fliege Notch Filter for Audio MeasurementsMake Better Measurements with a Notch Filter CO2 Meter TeardownIs It Hackable for Your Projects? PUT-ting It All TogetherThe Programmable Unijunction Transistor Explained Round Touchscreen for Raspberry PiHyperPixel 2.1 Round from Pimoroni Remote Sensing with Connection Loss DetectionUsing nRF24L01+ Modules Digital FM Receiver with Arduino and TEA5767Stayed Tuned with an Arduino Nano Changing an OLED Interface from SPI to I²C HomeLab ToursA Hobby Does Not Retire A Decade of Ethics in ElectronicsTessel Renzenbrink Reflects on the Digital Society and More HexadokuThe Original Elektorized Sudoku

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