A Handbook on DIY
Nowadays, security problems are rarely properly solved or correctly addressed. Electronic security is only part of the chain in making a system secure. Electronic security is usually addressed as network or software security, neglecting other aspects, but the chain is only as strong as its weakest link.
This book is about electronic hardware security, with an emphasis on problems that you can solve on a shoestring DIY budget. It deals mostly with secure communications, cryptosystems, and espionage. You will quickly appreciate that you can’t simply buy a trustworthy and reliable cryptosystem off the shelf. You will then realise that this applies equally to individuals, corporations, and governments.
If you want to increase your electronic security awareness in a world already overcrowded with networks of microphones and cameras, this is a book for you. Furthermore, if you want to do something DIY by designing and expanding upon simple electronic systems, please continue reading. Some of the devices described are already published as projects in the Elektor magazine. Some are still ideas yet to be worked out.
Complexity is the main enemy of security, so we'll try to keep to simple systems. Every chapter will analyse real-life espionage events or at least several hypothetical scenarios that will hopefully spark your imagination. The final goal is to build a security-conscious mindset (or “to get into a head of a spy”) which is necessary to recognise possible threats beforehand, to design a truly secure system.
Don’t bother reading if:
you think you and your secrets are 100% safe and secure
you think somebody else can effectively handle your security
you think conspiracy theories only exist in theory – Telefunken’s masterpiece the “FS-5000 Harpoon” was built on one!
A comprehensive course that will teach you how to build a modern IoT application This book will take you on a whirlwind tour of full-stack web application development using Raspberry Pi. You will learn how to build an application from the ground up. You will gain experience and know-how of technologies including: The Linux operating system and command line. The Python programming language. The Raspberry Pi General Purpose Input Output pins (GPIOs). The Nginx web server. Flask Python web application microframework. JQuery and CSS for creating user interfaces. Dealing with time zones. Creating charts with Plotly and Google Charts. Data logging with Google Sheet. Developing applets with IFTTT. Securing your application with SSL. Receiving SMS notifications to your phone using Twilio. This book will also teach you how to set up a remote wireless Arduino sensor node and collect data from it. Your Raspberry Pi web application will be able to process Arduino node data in the same way it processes data from its onboard sensor. Raspberry Pi Full Stack will teach you many skills essential to building Web and Internet of Things applications. The application you will build in this project is a platform that you can extend upon. This is just the start of what you can do with a Raspberry Pi and the software and hardware components that you will learn about. This book is supported by the author via a dedicated discussion space.
With Examples for Raspberry Pi Pico and ESP32
Creating and programming small electronic systems is now easier than ever before. With inexpensive development boards and modern software tools, anyone curious about embedded design can quickly move from an idea to a working piece of hardware. At the heart of this change is MicroPython—a clear, interactive, and beginner-friendly way to program microcontrollers while still remaining closely connected to the underlying electronics.
This book introduces embedded programming through MicroPython on popular platforms such as the Raspberry Pi Pico and the ESP32. You will discover how to use microcontrollers for reading inputs, processing data, and controlling outputs in a predictable, real-time loop. With just a few lines of code, you can blink LEDs, read sensors, drive motors, and communicate with the outside world. The interactive REPL programming interface encourages experimentation and fast learning, making concepts tangible from the very first chapter.
While different boards offer different capabilities, they all share the same core principles. Timers, GPIO, analog I/O, PWM, interrupts, and communication interfaces form the foundation of every embedded system.
By focusing on these universal building blocks, this book helps you build skills that transfer across platforms and scale naturally toward more advanced development. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced programmer entering embedded systems, you will find that working with MicroPython is both practical and genuinely enjoyable.
Sprachsteuerung von IoT-Projekten mit Amazon Alexa gibt dem Leser einen tiefen Einblick in die Technik der Sprachsteuerung am Beispiel von Amazon Alexa. Es erklärt detailliert Schritt für Schritt, wie man Raspberry Pi, ESP8266/32 und Arduino mit einem Sprachassistenten verbindet und steuert. Dieses geschieht anhand von Projekten aus den Bereichen Hausautomation und Robotik.
Der Leser erfährt, wie man Heizkessel, Roboter und Gartenhäuser mit dieser modernen Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle kommandieren kann. Der Autor Walter Trojan führt dabei den Leser in die vielschichtige Welt der Amazon Web Services ein, wo er neben dem Alexa Skills Kit weitere Module wie AWS Lambda und IoT Core kennenlernt.
Das erwartet den Leser:
Kapitel 1: Sprachassistenten setzen sich durch
Kapitel 2: Alexa intern
Kapitel 3: Der erste Alexa Skill
Kapitel 4: Alexa Skills für Fortgeschrittene
Kapitel 5: Erster Hardware-Skill auf Raspberry Pi
Kapitel 6: Auch Alexa liebt die Arduino-IDE
Kapitel 7: Hacks mit Schaltern
Kapitel 8: Alexa steuert ein Gartenhaus
Kapitel 9: Auch Roboter gehorchen Alexa
Kapitel 10: Alexa geht fremd
This multi-axis robot perfectly balances power and size.
Features
Payload: 5 kg
Reach: 700 mm
Repeatability: 0.1 mm
Max Speed 1000 mm/s
Applications
Machine Tending
Bin Picking
Mobile platform
Lab Automation
Robotic Research
Durable Collaborative robots for your automation
Industrial-grade harmonic drive and servomotors guarantee 24/7 working without stop.
Crafted from Carbon fiber, 15 kg weight makes it possible for easier deployment.
Flexible deployment with safe feature
Hand teaching, lightweight, space-saving and easy to re-deploy to multiple applications without changing your production layout. Perfectly for recurrent tasks.
Collision detection is available for all of our cobots. Your safety is always the top priority.
Graphical interface for beginner-friendly programming
Compatible with various of operation systems, including macOS and Windows.
Web-based technology compatible with all major browsers.
Drag and drop to create your code in minutes.
Powerful and open source SDK at your fingertips
Fully functional open-source Python/C++ SDK provides more flexible programming.
ROS/ROS2 packages are ready-to-go.
Example codes help you to deploy the robotic arm smoothly.
Specifications
UFactory 850
xArm 5
xArm 6
xArm 7
Payload
5 kg
3 kg
5 kg
3.5 kg
Reach
850 mm
700 mm
700 mm
700 mm
Degrees of freedom
6
5
6
7
Repeatability
±0.02 mm
±0.1 mm
±0.1 mm
±0.1 mm
Maximum Speed
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 m/s
Weight (robot arm only)
20 kg
11.2 kg
12.2 kg
13.7 kg
Maximum Speed
180°/s
180°/s
180°/s
180°/s
Joint 1
±360°
±360°
±360°
±360°
Joint 2
-132°~132°
-118°~120°
-118°~120°
-118°~120°
Joint 3
-242°~3.5°
-225°~11°
-225°~11°
±360°
Joint 4
±360°
-97°~180°
±360°
-11°~225°
Joint 5
-124°~124°
±360°
-97°~180°
±360°
Joint 6
±360°
±360°
-97°~180°
Joint 7
±360°
Hardware
xArm
Robot specs
Ambient Temperature Range
0-50°C
Power Consumption
Min 8.4 W, Typical 200 W, max 400 W
Input Power Supply
24 V DC, 16.5 A
Footprint
Ø 126 mm
Materials
Aluminum, Carbon Fiber
Base Connector Type
M5x5
ISO Class Cleanroom
5
Robot Mounting
Any
End Effector Communication Protocol
Modbus RTU(rs485)
End Effector I/O
2x DI/2x DO/2x AI/1x RS485
Communication Mode
Ethernet
Included
1x xArm 6 robotic arm
1x AC control box
1x Robotic arm power cable
1x Robotic arm end effector adapter cable
1x Robotic arm signal cable
1x Control box power cable
1x Network cable
1x Mounting tool
1x Quick start guide
The Peak Atlas ESR70 gold is an enhanced version of the previous Peak Atlas ESR70 Plus. It does everything that the ESR70 Plus did but better.
It now measures capacitance up to 10x faster, and over a wider range, thanks to new test algorithms. The capacitance measurement is also much less influenced by parallel resistances or leakage current thanks to our new Triple-Slope measurement system.
Using the supplied gold plated probes (removable), the Atlas ESR70 gold can measure ESR down to a resolution of 0.01 ohms, up to 40 ohms. It can even measure ESR for capacitors that are in-circuit. Probes are removable, allowing 2 mm compatible probes to be fitted. Audible alerts are produced for various ESR levels allowing you to perform many tests in succession without having to look at the display. The ESR70 automatically takes capacitive reactance into account, so even low value capacitors (down to 0.3 uF) can have the ESR measured accurately.
Features
Uses a single AAA Alkaline cell (included)
Alphanumeric LCD with backlight
Automatic analysis-start when you apply the probes
Automatic capacitor discharge using controlled discharge function
ESR (and low DC resistance) measurement (even in-circuit)
Capacitive reactance automatically taken into account to ensure accurate ESR
Capacitance measurement (if testing out-of-circuit)
Audible alerts for various ESR levels
Extended ESR measurement range up to 40 Ohms
Optional probe alternatives easily fitted
New gold Features
Improved LCD with better backlight
10x faster capacitance measurement for large capacitors
Enhanced user options system
New triple-slope measurement system to vastly reduce the influence of parallel resistance and/or leakage current on capacitance measurements
Much wider capacitance measurement range now 0.3 uF to 90,000 uF (was 1uF to 22,000uF)
Specifications
Analyzer type
ESR and Capacitance
Component types
Capacitors (>0.3 uF)
ESR range
0.00 Ohms to 40.0 Ohms
ESR resolution
From 0.01 Ohms
In-circuit use
ESR only
Capacitance range
0.3 uF to 90000 uF
Battery type
1.5 V Alkaline AAA Cell (supplied). Life typically 1500 ops
Display type
Alphanumeric LCD (with backlight)
Included
Peak Atlas ESR70 gold
Extra-long and extra-flexible test cables (450 mm of Silicone covered cable)
2 mm gold plated plugs and sockets with removeable gold plated crocodile clips
Comprehensive illustrated user guide
AAA Alkaline cell
Downloads
Datasheet (EN)
User Guide (EN)
User Guide (FR)
User Guide (IT)
Pfiffige Projekte zum Messen, Steuern und Regeln
Der Raspberry Pi dominiert seit vielen Jahren die Maker-Szene. Frei verfügbare I/O-Pins machten ihn zu einem der beliebtesten Prozessorboards aller Zeiten. Allerdings verfügt der klassische Raspberry Pi über keinerlei Analogeingänge. Eine direkte Messung analoger Werte ist damit nicht möglich. So können weder Photodioden noch NTCs oder Hallsensoren etc. unmittelbar ausgelesen werden. Zudem sind die Pins direkt, d. h. ohne Treiber oder Schutzschaltung, mit den freiliegenden Kontakten verbunden. Dadurch kann der zentrale Controller und damit der gesamte Raspberry Pi schnell zerstört werden.
Mit dem Pico können diese Probleme elegant gelöst werden. Er kann als sogenanntes „Frontend“ problemlos vielfältige Messaufgaben übernehmen. Zudem ist der Pico deutlich preisgünstiger als ein klassischer Raspberry Pi 4. Falls eine Fehlbeschaltung zur Zerstörung des Pico führt, ist dies vor allem für nicht-professionelle Anwender relativ leicht zu verkraften. Der klassische Raspberry Pi und der Pico werden so zum idealen Duo.
Das Buch führt entsprechend in das weite und hochaktuelle Gebiet der modernen Controllertechnik anhand der beiden Boards „Raspberry Pi 4“ und „Raspberry Pi Pico“ ein. Neben einer tiefergehenden Einführung in die Arbeits- und Funktionsweise der Controllerboards selbst wird insbesondere auch auf die Messwerterfassung und -verarbeitung mit digitalen Prozessoren eingegangen. Insbesondere die Kombination beider Systeme bietet vielfältige und hochinteressante Möglichkeiten.
Praktische Projekte aus dem Inhalt:
USB-Verbindung zwischen Raspberry Pi 4 und Pico
I²C-Kommunikation und Pico als I²C-Device
Voltmeter und Computerthermometer
Pico W als Web-Server und WLAN-Scanner
Frequenzmesser und -generatoren
OLED-Displays an Pico und Raspberry Pi 4
Energiesparmonitor
Welche Astronauten sind im Orbit?
Mini-Monitor für den aktuellen Bitcoin-Kurs
Physical Computing met het Arduino-platform
Dit leerboek over het Arduino-platform is uniek en brengt u stap voor stap van beginner tot gevorderde Arduino-gebruiker. Er wordt duidelijk in uitgelegd waarom en waardoor toepassingen werken, ondersteund door gedetailleerde afbeeldingen in kleur. Er is slechts een geringe elektronische basiskennis vereist, omdat de benodigde hardware uitgebreid wordt besproken. Het laatste gedeelte van dit boek bevat een degelijke theoretische verdieping, zodat u een krachtig naslagwerk achter de hand houdt.
Er bestond in het Nederlands nog geen lesboek over dit platform. De didactische opbouw is zodanig dat de vereiste abstracte kennis wordt uitgelegd aan de hand van toepasbare en actuele praktijkvoorbeelden. De meeste toepassingen zijn gericht op ‘physical computing’, dat is de interactie tussen sensoren, actoren, elektronica en software. Hierdoor is het boek ook geschikt voor technisch beroepsonderwijs, o.a. voor de richting mechatronica.
De opbouw van het boek is als volgt:
Algemene introductie microcontrollers.
Informatie over het Arduino-platform.
Oefeningen met uitleg aan de hand van 21 voorbeelden.
Praktijkvoorbeelden met uitleg aan de hand van 5 voorbeelden.
Theoretische verdieping van de software en hardware.
Praktische elektronicaschema´s.
Alle software-voorbeelden in het boek zijn als download beschikbaar.
EAGLE – the “Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor“ is a professional-grade CAD (computer aided design) software package for the design and drafting of electronic schematics as well as the design and fabrication of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
This Advanced User Guide provides the experienced EAGLE user with insight into using some of the more advanced features of EAGLE software. It is not a guide to teach the reader the basic concepts of EAGLE, nor does it discuss the ‘how to’ of the EAGLE interface and the simpler operations and commands of the software. That is the purpose of the author’s previous title EAGLE V6 Getting Started Guide also published by Elektor.
This eBook is intended as an enduring document covering the more advanced modules, commands, and functions which make up EAGLE. It is hoped that this eBook will provide a quick, succinct reference to assist with more complex applications and uses of EAGLE – an ‘EAGLE User’s Companion’, if you like.
Complementing the EAGLE Advanced User Guide, the EAGLE User Language manual is included in this eBook in unabridged form, reproduced with permission of CadSoft GmbH.
At the time of writing, the material in this eBook covers version 7 of the EAGLE software suite.
The OWON SDS1102 is an affordable benchtop digital oscilloscope that combines solid performance with essential measurement features. This 2-channel oscilloscope offers a 100 MHz bandwidth, a 1 GS/s sampling rate, a 7-inch LCD display, and a 10 kpts memory depth, making it a practical choice for everyday electronics testing, troubleshooting, and education.
The SDS1102 features a simplified trigger system with level and edge triggering, making it easy to capture and analyze common signals. It is designed for applications that do not require deep memory or advanced trigger functions, offering a straightforward and cost-effective solution for basic signal analysis.
Features
Bandwidth: 100 MHz
2 channels
Sample rate: 1 GS/s
Ultra-thin body
7-inch high-res LCD
SCPI and LabVIEW supported
Specifications
Bandwidth
100 MHz
Horizontal Scale (s/div)
5 ns/div – 1000 s/div
Channel
2
Vertical Sensitivity
5 mV/div – 5 V/div (at input)
DC Gain Accuracy
3%
Vertical Resolution (A/D)
8 bits (2 channels simultaneously)
Input
Input Impedance
1 MΩ, 10 pF
Input Coupling
AC, DC, GND
Max Input Voltage
±400 V, CATI, CATII
Passive probes
х1; х10
Probe Attenuation Factor
х1; х10; х100; х1000
Trigger System
Trigger Mode
Auto, Normal, Single
Trigger Type
Edge, Video
Edge Trigger Source
CH1, CH2
Video Trigger
Sampling Type
Real-time
Sample Rate
1 GS/s
Equivalent Sample Rate
No
Wavelength
10K pts
Interpolation
sin(x)/x
Measurement and Mathematical Treatment System
Automatic Measurement
Vpp, Vavg, RMS, Frequency, Period, Vmax, Vmin, Vtop, Vbase, Width, Overshoot, Pre-shootRise time, Fall time, +Width, -Width, +Duty, -Duty, Delay A→B, Delay A→B, area, cycle area
Math Functions
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, FFT
General Characteristics
Display type
7" color LCD
Display Resolution
800 x 480
Power
100-240 V, 45-440 Hz, <15 W
Dimensions
301 x 70 x 152 mm
Weight
1.1 kg
Included
1x OWON SDS1102 Oscilloscope
2x Oscilloscope probes
1x Probe adjust
1x Mains power cord
1x USB cable
1x CD-Rom
1x Quick guide
Downloads
Quick Guide
Manual
PC Software
SCPI Commands
Siglent's SDG2000X is a series of dual-channel function/arbitrary waveform generators with specifications of up to 120 MHz maximum bandwidth, 1.2 GSa/s sampling rate and 16-bit vertical resolution. The proprietary TrueArb & EasyPulse techniques help to solve the weaknesses inherent in traditional DDS generators when generating arbitrary, square and pulse waveforms. With advantages above, SDG2000X can provide users with a variety of high fidelity and low jitter signals, which can meet the growing requirements of complex and extensive applications.
Features
Dual-channel, 40 MHz bandwidth, 20Vpp maximum output amplitude, high fidelity output with 80dB dynamic range.
High-performance sampling system with 1.2GSa/s sampling rate and 16-bit vertical resolution. No detail in your waveforms will be lost.
Innovative TrueArb technology, based on a point-by-point architecture, supports any 8pts~8Mpts Arb waveform with a sampling rate in range of 1μSa/s~75MSa/s.
Innovative EasyPulse technology, capable of generating lower jitter Square or Pulse waveforms, brings a wide range and extremely high precision in pulse width and rise/fall times adjustment.
Plenty of analog and digital modulation types: AM, DSB-AM, FM, PM, FSK, ASK and PWM.
Sweep and Burst functions.
High precision Frequency Counter.
Standard interfaces: USB Host, USB DeviceUSBTMC, LAN (VXI-11) Optional interface: GPIB.
4.3” touch screen display for easier operation.
Specifications
Maximum output frequency
40 MHz
Output channels
2
Sampling rate
1.2 GSa/s (4X Interpolation)
Wave length
CH1: 16 Kpts, CH2: 512 Kpts
Frequency resolution
1 μHz
Vertical resolution
16 bit
Standard interfaces
Standard interfaces: USB Host, USB Device (USBTMC), LAN (VXI-11)
High-performance Sampling System
Benefiting from a 1.2GSa/s and 16-bit sampling system, SDG2000X achieves extremely high accuracy performance in both time domain and amplitude, which results in more accurately reconstructed waveforms and lower distortion.
Innovative EasyPulse Technology
When a Square/Pulse waveform is generated by DDS, there will be a one-clock-jitter if the sampling rate is not an integer-related multiple of the output frequency. SDG2000X EasyPulse technology successfully overcomes this weakness in DDS designs and helps to produce low jitter Square/Pulse waveforms.
Innovative TrueArb Technology
For arbitrary waveforms, TrueArb not only has all the advantages of traditional DDS, but also eliminates the probability that DDS may cause serious jitter and distortion.
Easy controll with 4.3” Touch Screen Display and Arbitrary Waveform Software EasyWave
The 4.3” touch screen display, makes operation much more convenient. And EasyWave is a powerful arbitrary waveform editing software that supports several ways to generate arbitrary waveform such as manual drawing, line-drawing, equation-drawing, coordinate-drawing, etc. It is quite convenient for users to edit their own arbitrary waveforms through EasyWave.
Included
Siglent SDG2042X Arbitrary Function Generator
User Manual
Guarantee Card
CD (including EasyWave 1.0 computer software system)
Power Cord
USB Cable
Quick Start Guide