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Aus dem Inhalt Über ein Jahrhundert Triode Neues vom Röhrenmarkt Siebketten mit Drossel, Widerstand und Kondensatoren Inserentenverzeichnis Eintakt-A-Endstufe mit der Triode 833 Gegentakt-AB-Endstufe mit der 6C33 Gegentakt-Triodenstufe mit ECC 99 und ECC 832 Phonovorstufe in Röhrentechnik Mehrkanalverstärker High-End-Audio Digital-Analog-Converter (DAC) Röhrensound mit Halbleitern Leserbrief CD-Two MKII Röhrendaten mit Sockelschaltungen

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Von den Machern von MagPi, dem offiziellen Raspberry Pi Magazin Starten Sie jetzt mit dem Raspberry Pi 5, dem neuesten und besten Minicomputer von Raspberry Pi – und lernen Sie, mit diesem unglaublichen Computer zu programmieren und Projekte zu erstellen. In diesem Buch finden Sie außerdem jede Menge kreative Ideen und Tipps, die Sie mit dem Raspberry Pi 4, dem Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W und dem Raspberry Pi Pico W umsetzen können. Mit den neuesten Reviews, Tutorials, Projekten, Anleitungen und mehr ist dies Ihre ultimative Ressource für den Raspberry Pi! 228 Seiten über Raspberry Pi Alles, was Sie über den Raspberry Pi 5 wissen müssen Erste Schritte für jeden Raspberry Pi Viel Spaß mit Elektronik und dem Pico W Inspirierende Projekte für Ihre nächste Bauidee Lernen Sie MicroPython, indem Sie ein Handheld bauen Erste Schritte mit dem Raspberry Pi Camera Modul Künstliche Intelligenz: Bauen Sie Ihren eigenen GPT Chatbot

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Wilt u in enkele minuten een programma maken op uw PC, dat communiceert met een microcontroller? Dit boek, samen met de Piccolino en gratis software, maakt dat mogelijk! Als hardware wordt gebruik gemaakt van de Piccolino. Dit is een prototype platform met een moderne PIC16F887 microcontroller, dat gebruikt kan worden om razendsnel microcontroller opstellingen te maken. Alle basisvoorzieningen zijn aanwezig op de Piccolino, en door middel van de headers kunnen extra onderdelen eenvoudig aangesloten worden. De Piccolino wordt geprogrammeerd met de krachtige maar eenvoudig te leren gratis programmeertaal JAL. Deze taal wordt zowel door hobbyisten als professionals gebruikt. Bovendien is een serie projectboeken in deze taal verkrijgbaar, en een lesboek waarmee u JAL kunt leren. Aan de PC kant wordt gebruik gemaakt van de eveneens eenvoudig te leren gratis programmeertaal Small Basic van Microsoft. Deze taal is speciaal ontwikkeld om snel Windows programma's te kunnen ontwikkelen, ook voor mensen die weinig of geen PC programmeer ervaring hebben. U leert verschillende technieken om een PC met een microcontroller te laten communiceren zoals losse communicatie, het versterken en verzwakken van signalen, verwerken van valse metingen, master-slave communicatie en synchronisatie met geforceerde reset. Behalve theorie staan in het boek ook 15 leuke en praktische projecten. Door de duidelijke uitleg en instructies kunt u deze projecten zelf uitbreiden en helemaal aan uw eigen wensen aanpassen. Een paar voorbeelden uit het boek: Meet signalen en toon ze op de PC Maak een eigen muis of keyboard besturing. Meet en analyseer componenten (Spoel / Condensator / Transistor / OPAMP) met automatische grafieken op uw PC. Bestuur een servomotor vanaf de PC. Verzamel metingen in de Piccolino en zet ze later over naar uw PC. De combinatie van theorie en praktijkvoorbeelden in dit boek zorgt er voor dat u voor elk interface-probleem een oplossing bij de hand hebt, of weet hoe u er een moet maken.

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Atmel AVR ist eine 8-bit-Mikrocontroller-Familie des Herstellers Atmel. Diese Controller sind wegen ihres einfachen Aufbaus, ihrer leichten Programmierbarkeit, den kostenlosen Entwicklungswerkzeugen und der Verfügbarkeit in DIP-Gehäuseformen auch bei Elektronikern und Makern äußerst beliebt. Darüber hinaus sind diese Controller bereits ab zwei Euro erhältlich. Im Arduino Uno-Board wird der ATmega328 verwendet. AVR-Programmierung für Quereinsteiger besteht aus zwei Teilen. Im ersten Teil wird in einfachen Worten erklärt, wie eine MCU (= Micro Controller Unit) im Detail arbeitet. Dem folgt eine Einführung in die Programmiersprache C. Anschließend taucht der Leser im zweiten Teil des Buches in die Welt der Register und ihre Bits ein. Dort findet man auch ein umfangreiches Glossar aller Register- und Bit-Namen. Das Buch dient somit auch als Nachschlagewerk, wenn man sich durch das Datenblatt oder andere Texte arbeiten muss. Das Buch wendet sich an alle, die bisher mit dem Arduino programmiert haben und nun nach technischen Möglichkeiten und Wegen suchen, ihre Elektronik- und Programmierkenntnisse zu erweitern. Dazu eignet sich die AVR-Programmierung im besonderen Maße.

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The FNIRSI HRM-10 is a portable, high-precision battery internal resistance and voltage tester. This device offers true four-wire measurement and is designed for both accuracy and ease of use. It automatically measures internal resistance and voltage values simultaneously, displaying the results on its HD color screen. Users have the option to manually adjust voltage and resistance ranges to suit their needs. The device also includes a sorting mode that automatically filters the good and bad batteries based on user-set thresholds. Additionally, it supports the storage of historical data and allows for exporting measurement records in table format. Features High Measurement Accuracy Tabular Data Export Auto-Evaluate Measurement Results 8 Threshold Settings HD Color Screen Folding Stand 1000 mAh Lithium Battery Specifications Voltage Resistance Measuring range 0-100 V (DC) 0-200 Ω Accuracy ±0.5% ±0.5% Gear Automatic, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V Automatic, 20 mΩ, 200 mΩ, 2 Ω, 20 Ω, 200 Ω Instrument test signal frequency 1 Khz (AC) Rechargeable USB-C (5 V/1 A) Built-in battery 1000 mAh lithium battery User calibration Yes Sorting mode Yes History record Yes Recorded data export Yes Working environment –10°C to +45°C, relative humidity <80% Storage environment –20°C to +80°C, relative humidity <80% Dimensions 158.7 x 80.5 x 28.4 mm Weight 225 g Included 1x FNIRSI HRM-10 Internal Resistance Tester 1x Clip Test Line 1x USB-C data cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware V0.3

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The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter uses the precision of a multimeter to measure very low resistance values. It is an adapter that converts a resistance into a voltage that can be measured with a standard multimeter. The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter can measure resistances below 1 mΩ using a 4-wire (Kelvin) method. It is useful for locating short circuits on printed circuit boards (PCB). The adapter features three measurement ranges – 1 mΩ, 10 mΩ, and 100 mΩ – selectable via a slide switch. It also includes onboard calibration resistors. The Elektor Milliohmmeter Adapter is powered by three 1.5 V AA batteries (not included). Specifications Measurement ranges 1 mΩ, 10 mΩ, 100 mΩ, 0.1% Power supply 3x 1.5 V AA batteries (not included) Dimensions 103 x 66 x 18 mm (compatible with Hammond 1593N-type enclosure, not included) Special feature On-board calibration resistors Downloads Documentation

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The FNIRDSI DSO-TC4 is a multifunctional transistor oscilloscope that is both comprehensive and practical. It is designed for use in maintenance and R&D applications, integrating an oscilloscope, transistor tester, and signal generator into a single device. Features Equipped with a 2.8-inch TFT color screen for a clear and intuitive display Built-in high-capacity rechargeable lithium battery (1500 mAh) with a standby time of up to 4 hours Compact and lightweight, ideal for mobile use Specifications Oscilloscope Analog Bandwidth 10 MHz Real-Time Sampling Rate 48 MSa/s Input Impedance 1 MΩ Coupling Mode AC/DC Test Voltage Range 1:1 Probe: 80 Vpp (+40 V) 10:1 Probe: 800 Vpp (+400 V) Vertical Sensitivity 10 mV/div~10 V/div (X1 range) Vertical Displacement Adjustable with indication Time Base Range 50ns~20s Trigger Mode Auto/Normal/Single Trigger Type Rising edge, Falling edge Trigger Level Adjustable with indication Waveform Freeze Yes (HOLD function) Automatic Measurement Max, Min, Avg, RMS, Vpp, Frequency, Cycle, Duty Cycle Component Tester Transistor Amplification factor "hfe"; Base-Emitter voltage "Ube", Ic/Ie, Collector-Emitter reverse leakage current "Iceo", Ices, Forward voltage drop of protection diode "Uf" Diode Forward voltage drop <5 V (Forward voltage drop, Junction capacitance, Reverse leakage current) Zener Diode 0.01~32 V Reverse Breakdown Voltage (K-A-A Test Area) Field-Effect Transistor (FET) JFET: Gate capacitance "Cg", Drain current Id under "Vgs", Forward voltage drop of protection diode "Uf" IGBT: Drain current Id under Vgs, Forward voltage drop of protection diode Uf MIOSTET: Threshold voltage "Vt", Gate capacitance "Cg", Drain-Source resistance "Rds", Forward voltage drop of protection diode "Uf" Unidirectional SCR Trigger voltage <5V, Gate level (Gate voltage) Bidirectional SCR Trigger current <6mA (Gate voltage) Capacitor 25pF~100mF, Capacitance value, Loss factor "Vloss" Resistor 0.01Ω~50MΩ Inductor 10μH~1000μH, DC resistance DS18B20 Temperature sensor, Pins: GND, DQ, VDD DHT11 Temperature and humidity sensor, Pins: VDD, DATA, GND Signal Generator Output Waveform Supports 13 waveform outputs Waveform Frequency 0-50 KHz Square Wave Duty Cycle 0-100% Waveform Amplitude 0.1-3.0 V General Display 2.8-inch TFT color screen Backlight Brightness adjustable Power Supply USB-C (5 V/1 A） Battery 3.7 V/1500 mAh Languages English, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean Dimensions 90 x 142 x 27.5 mm Weight 186 g Included 1x FNIRSI DSO-TC4 (3-in-1) Oscilloscope (10 MHz) 1x P6100 Oscilloscope probes (10X) 1x Alligator clip probe 3x Test hooks 1x Adapter 1x USB-C charging cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware V0.0.7 (+V1.0.9)

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Praktische Anwendungen und Projekte mit Arduino, ESP32 und RP2040 Tauchen Sie ein in die faszinierende Welt der Regelungstechnik mit Arduino und ESP32! Dieses Buch bietet Ihnen einen praxisnahen Einstieg in die klassischen und modernen Methoden der Regelung, darunter PID-Regler, Fuzzy-Logik und Sliding-Mode-Regler. Im ersten Teil lernen Sie die Grundlagen der beliebten Arduino-Controller, wie den Arduino Uno und den ESP32, sowie die Integration von Sensoren für Temperatur- und pH-Messung (NTC, PT100, PT1000, pH-Sensor). Sie erfahren, wie diese Sensoren in verschiedenen Projekten eingesetzt werden und wie Sie Daten auf einem Nextion TFT-Display visualisieren. Weiter geht es mit der Einführung in Stellglieder wie MOSFET-Schalter, H-Brücken und Solid-State-Relais, die zur Steuerung von Motoren und Aktoren verwendet werden. Sie lernen, Regelstrecken zu analysieren und zu modellieren, einschließlich PT1- und PT2-Regelungen. Der Schwerpunkt des Buches liegt auf der Implementierung von Fuzzy- und PID-Reglern zur Regelung von Temperatur und DC-Motoren. Dabei werden sowohl der Arduino Uno als auch der ESP32 eingesetzt. Zudem wird der Sliding-Mode-Regler vorgestellt. Im vorletzten Kapitel erkunden Sie die Grundlagen neuronaler Netze und lernen, wie maschinelles Lernen auf einem Arduino eingesetzt werden kann. Im letzten Kapitel gibt es noch ein praktisches Beispiel für einen Fuzzy-Regler zur Stromeinspeisung ins Hausnetz. Dieses Buch ist die perfekte Wahl für Ingenieure, Studierende und Elektroniker, die ihre Projekte mit innovativen Regelungstechniken erweitern möchten.

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Met ringkern-uitgangstranformatoren Buizenversterkers vormen voor velen het neusje van de zalm, wanneer het gaat om de versterking van audiosignalen. De combinatie van klassieke techniek met moderne componenten heeft geleid tot een ware revival van de buizenversterker. De toepassing van de in de afgelopen 15 jaar door de auteur ontwikkelde 'ringkern-uitgangstransformatoren' heeft daar mede toe bijgedragen. Opvallend aan deze transformatoren zijn vooral het extreem grote frequentie bereik en de geringe lineaire en niet-lineaire vervormingen. Het hoe en waarom van de transformator wordt op verschillende niveaus uitgelegd, beginnend bij inleidende begripsvorming en eindigende bij complete wiskundige beschrijvingen, waarbij ook de samenwerking van de transformator met de buizen en de luidspreker centraal staat. Naast de beschrijving van schematuur en zelfbouw van eenvoudig na te bouwen moderne high-end buizenversterkers met een uitgangsvermogen van 10 tot 100 Watt, worden bijzondere buizenversterkers met ringkerntransformatoren besproken: innovatieve oplossingen voor perfecte audiokwaliteit. Zowel de zelfbouwer als degene die kennis en inzicht wil verwerven in de complexe materie van transformatoren, buizenversterkers en audiosignaalverwerking zal dit boek met plezier ter hand nemen.

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Book: Mastering the Arduino Uno R4 Based on the low-cost 8-bit ATmega328P processor, the Arduino Uno R3 board is likely to score as the most popular Arduino family member, and this workhorse has been with us for many years. Eleven years later, the long-overdue successor, the Arduino Uno R4, was released. It is built around a 48 MHz, 32-bit Arm Cortex-M4 microcontroller and provides significantly expanded SRAM and Flash memory. Additionally, a higher-precision ADC and a new DAC are added to the design. The Uno R4 board also supports the CAN Bus with an interface. Two versions of the board are available: Uno R4 Minima, and Uno R4 WiFi. This book is about using these new boards to develop many different and interesting projects with just a handful of parts and external modules. All projects described in the book have been fully tested on the Uno R4 Minima or the Uno R4 WiFi board, as appropriate. The project topics include the reading, control, and driving of many components and modules in the kit as well as on the relevant Uno R4 board, including LEDs 7-segment displays (using timer interrupts) LCDs Sensors RFID Reader 4x4 Keypad Real-time clock (RTC) Joystick 8×8 LED matrix Motors DAC (Digital-to-analog converter) LED matrix WiFi connectivity Serial UART CAN bus Infrared controller and receiver Simulators … all in creative and educational ways with the project operation and associated software explained in great detail. Arduino Uno R4 WiFi The Arduino Uno R4 is powered by the Renesas RA4M1 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 processor, providing a significant boost in processing power, memory, and functionality. The WiFi version comes with an ESP32-S3 WiFi module in addition to the RA4M1, expanding creative opportunities for makers and engineers. The Arduino Uno R4 runs at 48 MHz, which provides a 3x increase over the popular Uno R3. Additionally, SRAM has been upgraded from 2 kB to 32 kB, and flash memory from 32 kB to 256 kB to support more complex projects. Responding to community feedback, the USB port is now USB-C, and the maximum power supply voltage has been raised to 24 V with an enhanced thermal design. The board includes a CAN bus and an SPI port, enabling users to reduce wiring and perform parallel tasks by connecting multiple shields. A 12-bit analog DAC is also provided on the board. Specifications Microcontroller Renesas RA4M1 (ARM Cortex-M4) USB USB-C Programming Port Pins Digital I/O Pins 14 Pins Analog input pins 6 DAC 1 RTC 1 PWM pins 6 Communication UART 1x I²C 1x SPI 1x Qwiic I²C connector 1x CAN 1x CAN Bus Power Circuit operating voltage 5 V Input voltage (VIN) 6-24 V DC Current per I/O Pin 8 mA Clock speed Main core 48 MHz Memory RA4M1 256 kB Flash, 32 kB RAM LED Matrix 12 x 8 (96 red LEDs) Dimensions 68.9 x 53.4 mm Downloads Datasheet Schematics This bundle contains: Book: Mastering the Arduino Uno R4 (normal price: €45) Arduino Uno R4 WiFi (normal price: €30)

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Program, build, and master over 50 projects with MicroPython and the RP2040 microprocessor The Raspberry Pi Pico is a high-performance microcontroller module designed especially for physical computing. Microcontrollers differ from single-board computers, like the Raspberry Pi 4, in not having an operating system. The Raspberry Pi Pico can be programmed to run a single task very efficiently within real-time control and monitoring applications requiring speed. The ‘Pico’ as we call it, is based on the fast, efficient, and low-cost dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ RP2040 microcontroller chip running at up to 133 MHz and sporting 264 KB of SRAM, and 2 MB of Flash memory. Besides its large memory, the Pico has even more attractive features including a vast number of GPIO pins, and popular interface modules like ADC, SPI, I²C, UART, and PWM. To cap it all, the chip offers fast and accurate timing modules, a hardware debug interface, and an internal temperature sensor. The Raspberry Pi Pico is easily programmed using popular high-level languages such as MicroPython and or C/C++. This book is an introduction to using the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller in conjunction with the MicroPython programming language. The Thonny development environment (IDE) is used in all the projects described. There are over 50 working and tested projects in the book, covering the following topics: Installing the MicroPython on Raspberry Pi Pico using a Raspberry Pi or a PC Timer interrupts and external interrupts Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) projects Using the internal temperature sensor and external temperature sensor chips Datalogging projects PWM, UART, I²C, and SPI projects Using Wi-Fi and apps to communicate with smartphones Using Bluetooth and apps to communicate with smartphones Digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) projects All projects given in the book have been fully tested and are working. Only basic programming and electronics experience is required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full MicroPython program listings are given for all projects described. Readers can find the program listings on the Elektor web page created to support the book.

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Program and build Arduino-based ham station utilities, tools, and instruments In addition to a detailed introduction to the exciting world of the Arduino microcontroller and its many variants, this book introduces you to the shields, modules, and components you can connect to the Arduino. Many of these components are discussed in detail and used in the projects included in this book to help you understand how these components can be incorporated into your own Arduino projects. Emphasis has been placed on designing and creating a wide range of amateur radio-related projects that can easily be built in just a few days. This book is written for ham radio operators and Arduino enthusiasts of all skill levels, and includes discussions about the tools, construction methods, and troubleshooting techniques used in creating amateur radio-related Arduino projects. The book teaches you how to create feature-rich Arduino-based projects, with the goal of helping you to advance beyond this book, and design and build your own ham radio Arduino projects. In addition, this book describes in detail the design, construction, programming, and operation of the following projects: CW Beacon and Foxhunt Keyer Mini Weather Station RF Probe with LED Bar Graph DTMF Tone Encoder DTMF Tone Decoder Waveform Generator Auto Power On/Off Bluetooth CW Keyer Station Power Monitor AC Current Monitor This book assumes a basic knowledge of electronics and circuit construction. Basic knowledge of how to program the Arduino using its IDE will also be beneficial.

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