Search results for "elektor or archive or 1970 or 2021 or usb or stick or de"

Theory, LTspice Simulation, and Hands-On Projects MOSFETs are essential components in modern electronics, used in switching, amplification, motor control, power conversion, digital logic, and audio circuits. This book offers a practical introduction to MOSFET technology, combining clear explanations with LTspice simulations and hands-on projects. Starting with semiconductor fundamentals, you will learn how MOSFETs operate, how they compare with BJTs, and how to apply them in real circuits. The book then progresses from basic switching applications to more advanced designs. You will learn how to: Understand N-channel and P-channel MOSFET operation Work with cutoff, triode, and saturation regions Simulate and analyze circuits using LTspice Build switching circuits for LEDs, relays, buzzers, sensors, and motors Create sensor circuits for light, temperature, touch, tilt, reed switches, and PIR motion detection Control motors and fans using PWM and H-bridge circuits Design MOSFET small-signal amplifiers Build astable, Colpitts, Hartley, phase-shift, and Pierce oscillators Experiment with MOSFET digital logic Explore buck and boost DC-DC converters Understand the basics of MOSFET audio power amplifiers Written for engineers, students, and experienced makers, this book connects theory with simulation and practical construction, giving you the knowledge and experience to design and experiment with MOSFET circuits with confidence.

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Pull Down Lever For Highest Score! This Elektor Circuit Classic from 1984 shows a playful application of CMOS 400x series logic ICs in combination with LEDs, a highly popular combination at the time. The project imitates a spinning-digit type slot machine. The Game To play the game, first agree on the number of rounds. Player 1 actuates the switch lever as long as desired and releases it. The LEDs then show the score which is the sum of the 50-20-10-5 digits lit up. If the Play Again! LED lights, Player 1 has another, “free” round. If not, it’s Player 2’s turn. The players keep tab of their scores, and the highest score wins. Features LEDs Indicate Score Multi-Player and Play Again! Elektor Heritage Circuit Symbols Tried & Tested by Elektor Labs Educational & Geeky Project Through-Hole Parts Only Included Printed Circuit Board All Components Wooden Stand Bill of Materials Resistors (5%, 250 mW) R1,R2,R3,R4 = 100kΩ R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10 = 1kΩ Capacitors C1 = 4.7nF, 10%, 50V, 5mm C2 = 4.7μF, 10%, 63V, axial C3,C4 = 100nF, 10 %, 50V, ceramic X7R, 5mm Semiconductors LED1-LED6 = red, 5mm (T1 3/4) IC1 = 74HC4024 IC2 = 74HC132 Miscellaneous S1 = switch, toggle, 21mm lever, SPDT, momentary S2 = switch, tactile, 24V, 50mA, 6x6mm S3 = switch, slide, SPDT IC1,IC2 = IC socket, DIP14 BT1 = PCB-mount CR2032 battery retainer clip Desktop Stand PCB 230098-1 Not included: BT1 = CR2032 coin cell battery

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Elektor GREEN en GOLD leden kunnen deze uitgave hier downloaden. Nog geen lid? Klik hier om een lidmaatschap af te sluiten. Low-noise laboratorium voeding (1)Een stabiele voedingsbron voor gevoelige circuits STM32 Edge-AI Contest 2025: De winnaars Batterijen van vandaagTechnologie en verschillen in lithiumbatterijen Instelbare elektronische belastingStatische en dynamische DC-belasting Step-down converter van 48 V naar 5 VHet verhaal achter de ontwikkeling van een schakeling Autonome sensornode v2.0Deel 2: Hardware-validatie en vermogensoptimalisatie VaristorenVreemde onderdelen Grafische netfrequentiemeterControleer de kwaliteit van het stroomnet Alle begin......maakt er een eind aan Piekstroombelasting SMD-ferrietenBeter bestand tegen stroompieken Elektor Live! Expert Day 2025 Energy harvesting belooft de implementatie van IoT- en IIoT-toepassingen te zullen versnellenHoe energy harvesting IoT loskoppelt van het stroomnet Fnirsi DPS-150Compacte draagbare voeding en converter Instelbare USB-C voedingsbronMaak van uw USB-C-lader een regelbare voeding Eenvoudige lader en capaciteitstesterMet twee goedkope kant-en-klaar modules Slimme kleurendetector met AI-stem en afspeelfunctie PbMonitor v2.0Overzicht van het vernieuwde accu-bewakingssysteem Een ventilator voor de mini-reflow plateSlimme aanpassingen die de resultaten verbeteren Uit het leven gegrepende tsunami der verwendheid Err-lectronicsCorrecties, updates en lezersbrieven 2026: Een AI-odysseeWanneer modellen de hardware bepalen Precisie pico-ampèremeter (2)Montage, kalibratie en test Draadloze energievoorziening van apparatenMet inductieve technologie Autonoom rijden op basis van AIDe Self Driving Challenge 2024 van de RDW Geluidskaart als signaalgeneratorPC als DCF77-testzender

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DEAL: Order the HackRF Pro now and get the new e-book "SDR with HackRF One & HackRF Pro" worth €20 for FREE! HackRF Pro is latest Software Defined Radio (SDR) from Great Scott Gadgets and the powerful successor to the legendary HackRF One. With a frequency range from 100 kHz to 6 GHz, it covers an enormous spectrum for transmitting and receiving radio signals. Designed as an open-source hardware platform, the HackRF Pro is the ideal tool for analyzing and developing modern wireless technologies. It can be used flexibly as a USB peripheral or programmed for standalone operation. Specifications Frequency: 100 kHz to 6 GHz Adjustable from 0 Hz to 7.1 GHz Half-duplex transceiver Up to 20 million samples per second 8-bit quadrature samples (8-bit I and 8-bit Q) Compatible with GNU Radio, SDR#, and more Software-configurable RX and TX gain and baseband filter Software-controlled RF port power (50 mA at 3.3 V) SMA RF connector SMA clock input and output for synchronization and triggering Convenient buttons for programming Internal pin headers for expansion High-Speed USB 2.0 with USB-C connector USB-powered Open source hardware Compared to its predecessor, HackRF Pro offers a variety of new features, including: Wider operating frequency range Improved RF performance with flatter frequency response USB-C connector Built-in TCXO crystal oscillator for superior timing stability Logic upgrade from a CPLD to a power-efficient FPGA Elimination of the DC spike Extended-precision mode with 16-bit samples for low sample rates (typical ENOB: 9-11) Half-precision mode with 4-bit samples at up to 40 Msps More RAM and flash memory for custom firmware Installed shielding around the radio section Trigger input and output accessible through clock connectors Cutout in the PCB provides space for future add-ons Improved power management Enhanced RF port protection Facility to hardware-disable transmit mode Full Compatibility: Thanks to its proven architecture, existing software for the HackRF One can also be used directly with the HackRF Pro. The HackRF Pro offers seamless backward compatibility while significantly increasing performance. Note: An antenna is not included. We recommend the ANT500 for the best experience. Included HackRF Pro SDR with plastic enclosure NEW e-book: SDR with HackRF One & HackRF Pro (normal price: €20) Downloads Documentation GitHub

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The SEQURE HT140 is a highly versatile 2-in-1 soldering tool that combines the functionality of hot tweezers and a soldering iron. It is specifically engineered for precise SMD soldering and desoldering tasks. With independent control for single-sided heating, it operates as a traditional soldering iron when fitted with a standard tip. When configured for dual-sided heating, it transforms into hot tweezers – perfect for the efficient and accurate removal of SMD components. Features Working Temperature: 50-500°C (122-932°F) Supports multiple power inputs: PD 3.1/3.0/2.0, QC 3.0/2.0, (5-28 V DC), LiPo batteries, and power adapters. The HT140 combines hot tweezers and a soldering iron, with independent single- or dual-sided heating. Use it as a soldering iron with a tip, or as hot tweezers for easy SMD desoldering. Voltage and current can be adjusted based on the power source. Features dual temperature control, presets, quick temperature increase, and fine-tuning. 128 x 32 OLED screen with adjustable brightness, and orientation. Switchable °C/°F. High-precision heating element with ±1% accuracy. Melts solder in just 2 seconds. Smart standby, sleep, and wake-up functions extend tip lifespan and boost efficiency. Supports temperature calibration and compensation for precise work. Includes a 1.5 m heat-resistant PD 150 W silicone cable and a sturdy all-metal HT Station. Swappable tips and adjustable angles for various SMD soldering tasks. Specifications Working Voltage 5-28 V DC Maximum Power 140 W Working Temperature 50-500°C (122-932°F) Tin Melting Time 2s Interface Type USB-C, DC5525 Power Supply PD 3.1/3.0/2.0, QC 3.0/2.0, 28 V DC max Display 128 x 32 OLED Firmware Upgrade Yes Menu Languages English, Russian, Chinese Dimensions 160 x 27 x 17.5 mm Weight 50 g Included 1x SEQURE HT140 Host 2x HT140-IS Tapered Curved Desoldering Tips 1x HT Station 1x Accessory Package 1x Storage Bag 1x 65 W PD Power Supply (EU, UK & US) 1x 24 W PD Silicone Wire (1.5 m) 1x GND Wire Accessory Kit (1.8 m) Downloads Manual Firmware V1.04

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An Introduction to Circuit Simulation LTspice, developed by Analog Devices, is a powerful, fast, and free SPICE simulator, schematic capture, and waveform viewer with a large database of components supported by SPICE models from all over the world. Drawing a schematic in LTspice is easy and fast. Thanks to its powerful graphing features, you can visualize the voltages and currents in a circuit, and also the power consumption of its components and much more. This book is about learning to design and simulate electronic circuits using LTspice. Among others, the following topics are treated: DC and AC circuits Signal diodes and Zener diodes Transistor circuits including oscillators Thyristor/SCR, diac, and triac circuits Operational amplifier circuits including oscillators The 555 timer IC Filters Voltage regulators Optocouplers Waveform generation Digital logic simulation including the 74HC family SPICE modeling LTspice is a powerful electronic circuit simulation tool with many features and possibilities. Covering them all in detail is not possible in a book of this size. Therefore, this book presents the most common topics like DC and AC circuit analysis, parameter sweeping, transfer functions, oscillators, graphing, etc. Although this book is an introduction to LTspice, it covers most topics of interest to people engaged in electronic circuit simulation. The book is aimed at electronic/electrical engineers, students, teachers, and hobbyists. Many tested simulation examples are given in the book. Readers do not need to have any computer programming skills, but it will help if they are familiar with basic electronic circuit design and operation principles. Readers who want to dive deeper can find many detailed tutorials, articles, videos, design files, and SPICE circuit models on the Internet. All the simulation examples used in the book are available as files at the webpage of this book. Readers can use these example circuits for learning or modify them for their own applications.

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Die Kurzwellentechnik übt einen ganz besonderen Reiz aus. Man kann mit geringstem Aufwand große Entfernungen überbrücken. Durch Reflexion an leitenden Schichten der Ionosphäre und am Boden werden Kurzwellensignale auch an Orten jenseits des Horizonts hörbar. So lässt sich jeder Ort auf der Erde erreichen. Zwar strebt die Technik nach immer höheren Frequenzen, und Radio hört man meist auf UKW, über DAB+, über Satellit oder das Internet. Aber alle diese moderneren Übertragungswege benötigen eine umfangreiche Infrastruktur und sind extrem verletzlich. Im Falle eines globalen Stromausfalls geht nichts mehr außer auf der Kurzwelle. Deshalb wird im Amateurfunk nicht nur ein Hobby gepflegt, sondern auch ein Notfunksystem aufrechterhalten. Das Elektor SDR-Shield ist ein vielseitiger Kurzwellenempfänger bis 30 MHz. Zusammen mit einem Arduino-Board und der passenden Software lassen sich nicht nur Rundfunkstationen empfangen, sondern auch Morsesignale, SSB-Stationen und digitale Signale. Der Erfolgsautor und begeisterter Amateurfunker Burkhard Kainka beschreibt im vorliegenden Buch die moderne Praxis des Software Defined Radios mithilfe des Elektor SDR-Shields. Dabei vermittelt er nicht nur den theoretischen Background, sondern erklärt auch zahlreiche Software-Werkzeuge aus dem Open-Source-Bereich, die heute die Kurzwellentechnik zu einem absolut spannenden und hochmodernen Hobby machen.

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Raspberry Pi (Neuauflage) | E-book

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Comme la demande pour la pose de panneaux solaires a fortement augmenté, surtout pour les installations plus vastes que les centrales de balcon, les carnets de commandes des entreprises dans le domaine du solaire sont pleins. Si vous demandez aujourd’hui un devis, vous risquez d’attendre un moment, si votre demande n’est pas tout simplement renvoyée à une date indéterminée. Une autre conséquence de cette explosion du solaire est que certaines entreprises pratiquent des prix très élevés pour réaliser des installations. Il y a pourtant une solution évidente et radicale contre les prix excessifs : Do it yourself comme le disent les Anglais. Le prix du matériel est actuellement abordable, c’est la période idéale pour ceux qui font le travail eux-mêmes. Ils ne pourraient pas réaliser davantage d’économies. À cela s’ajoutent la satisfaction de faire quelque chose d’utile, tant sur le plan économique qu’écologique, et le plaisir de construire soi-même. Dans ce numéro spécial, vous trouverez une large sélection de montages d’Elektor, du régulateur pour panneaux solaires à celui pour chauffe-eau solaire, en passant par le système d’orientation pour panneaux solaires. Ce numéro contient également des informations pratiques sur l’installation des panneaux solaires ainsi que la technologie qu’ils renferment. Enfin plusieurs articles abordent le sujet des centrales de balcon, par exemple comment les installer, comment les connecter à l’internet… Sommaire LES BASES Calculs et principes de mise en oeuvre de panneaux photovoltaïques Analyse sensorielle de la lumière Des LED pour la mesure de la lumière diurne Hélio-courant, un jeu d’enfant Charger en solaire avec/sans régulateur Sections de câbles et pertes dans les câbles pour les installations solaires Panneaux solaires Tout ce que vous avez toujours voulu savoir sur les panneaux solaires... Contrôleur de diode idéale Circuits à diodes à faible dissipation de puissance TRUCS ET ASTUCES Chargeur solaire à haut η Détecteur d’humidité solaire Régulateur shunt pour panneau solaire Système d’orientation simple Chargeur et régulateur à cellules solaires zBot : alimentation piles/solaire Témoin de tension pour panneau solaire Veilleuse solaire Chargeur solaire vert PROJETS Enregistreur de données énergétiquesMesurer et enregistrer la consommation d’énergie Petite alimentation solaireLumière du soleil en entrée, 3,3 V en sortie Unité de transfert de données (DTU) de fabrication maisonLecture des données de petits onduleurs avec une carte à microcontrôleur Chargeur solaire portableÀ accumulateur lithium-ion Régulation solaire thermiqueÀ la recherche du point de puissance maximale Chargeur 2 A avec régulateur MPPPresse le soleil jusqu’au dernier rayon Héliostat piloté par PCÀ la poursuite des étoiles Lampe solaireMême l’éclairage de jardin se met au sans fil Convertisseur de tension de panneau solairePour éclairage intérieur et IdO Chargeur en voyageÉnergie gratuite sur les cimes Chargeur solaire/moniteur Chargeur de batteries à panneaux solaires Convertisseurs de tension pour panneaux photovoltaïques Régulateur de charge solairePour panneaux solaires de ≤53 W Cure de soleil pour batterieChargeur de batterie solaire Bus CAN + Arduino pour la surveillance des cellules solairesDétecter et localiser les panneaux défectueux dans les grands réseaux photovoltaïques

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Program and Build Raspberry Pi 5 Based Ham Station Utilities with the RTL-SDR The RTL-SDR devices (V3 and V4) have gained popularity among radio amateurs because of their very low cost and rich features. A basic system may consist of a USB based RTL-SDR device (dongle) with a suitable antenna, a Raspberry Pi 5 computer, a USB based external audio input-output adapter, and software installed on the Raspberry Pi 5 computer. With such a modest setup, it is possible to receive signals from around 24 MHz to over 1.7 GHz. This book is aimed at amateur radio enthusiasts and electronic engineering students, as well as at anyone interested in learning to use the Raspberry Pi 5 to build electronic projects. The book is suitable for both beginners through experienced readers. Some knowledge of the Python programming language is required to understand and eventually modify the projects given in the book. A block diagram, a circuit diagram, and a complete Python program listing is given for each project, alongside a comprehensive description. The following popular RTL-SDR programs are discussed in detail, aided by step-by-step installation guides for practical use on a Raspberry Pi 5: SimpleFM GQRX SDR++ CubicSDR RTL-SDR Server Dump1090 FLDIGI Quick RTL_433 aldo xcwcp GPredict TWCLOCK CQRLOG klog Morse2Ascii PyQSO Welle.io Ham Clock CHIRP xastir qsstv flrig XyGrib FreeDV Qtel (EchoLink) XDX (DX-Cluster) WSJT-X The application of the Python programming language on the latest Raspberry Pi 5 platform precludes the use of the programs in the book from working on older versions of Raspberry Pi computers.

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The FNIRSI LC1020E High-Precision LCR Meter with ESR tester is a portable and intelligent solution for testing electronic components, offering a basic accuracy of up to 0.3%. It is ideal for engineers, technicians, and makers. The device supports L/Q, C/D, and R/D measurements using both series and parallel equivalent circuit models, and features a 2.8-inch TFT color display. With preset thresholds and audio-visual alerts, it enables fast pass/fail evaluation, making it perfect for batch testing and quality control. Supporting test frequencies up to 100 kHz, it is well suited for high-frequency analysis of inductors, capacitors, and resistors. Features ±0.05% accuracy with 4.5-digit resolution Automatic R/L/C identification for fast measurements 5 test frequencies (100 Hz–100 kHz) & 3 voltage levels (0.1–0.6 V) Dual display: L/C/R/Z + X/D/Q/θ/ESR Sorting mode & bias voltage for batch testing Dual ports (3-/5-terminal) with 4-wire Kelvin support Data hold & logging for efficient workflow Compact, rechargeable (3000 mAh) – ideal for lab & field use Specifications General Test Frequency 100 Hz, 120 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz Basic Accuracy 0.3% Display 2.8-inch TFT LCD display Display Digits Main Parameter: 4.5 digits Secondary Parameter: 4.5 digits Measurement Parameters Main Parameters: AUTO/R/C/L/Z Secondary Parameters: X/D/Q/θ/ESR Measurement Range L: 0-100H C: 0-100mF R: 0-10M Internal Bias 0.0 V, 0.5 V Test Level 0.1 V, 0.3 V, 0.6 V Calibration Functions Open circuit calibration, Short circuit calibration Comparison Function Used to calculate the relative error between the component measurement value and the nominal value, displayed as a percentage, and provides filtering results. Nominal values and tolerance can be set, with tolerance range adjustable from 0.1% to 99.9% Function Record Checks if the measured component data meets the set nominal value and tolerance, recording the number of successful and failed measurements Test Terminal Configuration Three-terminal, Five-terminal Output Impedance 100Ω Interface USB-C (Virtual serial port) Others Language settings, Screen brightness, Sound settings, Auto power-off, Calibration settings, System information Battery 3000 mAh Lithium battery Dimensions 18.5 x 8.5 x 3.5 cm Weight 680 g Capacitance (C) Range: 1mF-100mF 100 Hz: 5% ±5 digits 1 kHz: 3% ±5 digits 10 kHz: / 100 kHz: / Range: 1uF-1mF 100 Hz: 1% ±4 digits 1 kHz: 0.5% ±5 digits 10 kHz: 2% ±5 digits 100 kHz: 3% ±4 digits Range: 1nF-1uF 100 Hz: / 1 kHz: 0.3% ±2 digits 10 kHz: 0.4% ±2 digits 100 kHz: 1% ±4 digits Range: 1pF-1nF 100 Hz: / 1 kHz: 2% ±2 digits 10 kHz: 1.5% ±2 digits 100 kHz: 2% ±4 digits Inductance (L) Range: 1H-100H 100 Hz: 2% ±5 digits 1 kHz: 2% ±5 digits 10 kHz: / 100 kHz: / Range: 1mH-1H 100 Hz: 0.4% ±5 digits 1 kHz: 0.3% ±2 digits 10 kHz: 0.4% ±3 digits 100 kHz: 2.5% ±5 digits Range: 10uH-1mH 100 Hz: 3% ±5 digits 1 kHz: 0.5% ±4 digits 10 kHz: 0.5% ±3 digits 100 kHz: 1.5% ±5 digits Range: 1uH-10uH 100 Hz: / 1 kHz: 2% ±5 digits 10 kHz: 2% ±5 digits 100 kHz: 4% ±5 digits Resistance (R) Range: 1MΩ-10MΩ 100 Hz: 5% ±4 digits 1 kHz: 3% ±3 digits 10 kHz: / 100 kHz: / Range: 1KΩ-1MΩ 100 Hz: 0.4% ±4 digits 1 kHz: 0.2% ±2 digits 10 kHz: 0.3% ±3 digits 100 kHz: 0.6% ±5 digits Range: 1Ω-1KΩ 100 Hz: 1.5% ±4 digits 1 kHz: 0.3% ±2 digits 10 kHz: 0.3% ±3 digits 100 kHz: 0.6% ±5 digits Range: 10mΩ-1Ω 100 Hz: 4% ±4 digits 1 kHz: 2% ±5 digits 10 kHz: 2% ±5 digits 100 kHz: 5% ±5 digits Included 1x FNIRSI LC1020E LCR Meter 1x Kelvin Test Clip 2x Test Leads (1x black, 1x red) 1x Shorting Plate 1x USB-C Cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware V1.1

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Inhalt Praxis Flash Box – Projekt: RGB-Controller für LED-Stripes LED-Module für Spot-Leuchten à la Zhaga – Referenzdesign: Zhaga-kompatibles LED-Modul auf Basis der Cree XLamp XB-D LUVLED II – Optimierung eines Kühlkonzeptes zur Aktivluftkühlung eines Hochleistungs-UV-LED-Moduls Lumen-Pumpe – HB-LEDs für Niedervolt-Systeme mit Li-Ion-Batterien Bei Licht besehen – Licht-Design mit LEDs Qualitätssicherung – Optische Charakterisierung von Leuchtdioden LED-Treiber für Scheinwerfer – Synchroner Buck-Boost-Schaltregler für LED-Frontscheinwerfer Theorie & Anwendung LEDs am TRIAC-Dimmer – LED-Treiber für isolierte Offline-LED-Beleuchtungen ohne Optokoppler Kalte Platte – Platinentechnik ermöglicht effizientes Wärmemanagement und mehrdimensionale LED-Lichtgestaltung Abweichler – Kolorimetrie und Binning-Grundlagen Info Marktübersicht – LED-Hersteller, LED-Treiber-Hersteller Licht mit LEDs: kreatives Leuchten-Design Plädoyer für LED-Arrays – Multichip-LED-Module für ein flexibleres Leuchtendesign Zugeschnittene Lichtleistung – Optogan X10 Chip-on-Board-System Mid-Power LEDs im Aufwind – Trends bei Seoul Semiconductor für LEDs der Allgemeinbeleuchtung Aktuell – Treiber, LEDs, Entwicklungs-Boards

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