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Grundlagen, Schaltungen und sichere Anwendungen für Einsteiger und Fortgeschrittene Elektronenröhren üben bis heute eine besondere Faszination aus. Ihre langlebige Funktion, ihre Robustheit und ihr charakteristisches Verhalten unterscheiden sie grundlegend von moderner Halbleitertechnik. Trotz ihres Alters sind Röhren keineswegs nur historische Bauteile, sondern finden auch heute noch Anwendung in Audiotechnik, Messtechnik und vor allem im Hobbybereich. Dieses Buch richtet sich an Elektronikinteressierte und Bastler, die Elektronenröhren nicht nur in der Theorie kennenlernen und verstehen, sondern auch in der Praxis einsetzen möchten. Es vermittelt die Grundlagen der Röhrentechnik, erklärt die unterschiedlichen Bauformen und Bezeichnungen, zeigt typische Schaltungen und geht außerdem auf Spannungsversorgung und Netzteile sowie auf Messungen und sicherheitsrelevante Aspekte ein. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf praxisnahen Erklärungen und realistischen Beispielen aus der Werkstatt. Zahlreiche Hinweise helfen, typische Fehler zu vermeiden, Schaltungen aufzubauen und Röhrengeräte sowie deren Aufbau zu verstehen. Grundkenntnisse der Elektronik werden vorausgesetzt. „Elektronenröhren in der Praxis“ bietet einen verständlichen und fundierten Einstieg in die Röhrentechnik – sachlich, nachvollziehbar und mit klarem Fokus auf die praktische Anwendung.

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Ce qui se passe en électronique est par définition invisible à l'oeil nu. L'instrument qui permet précisément de rendre visibles les signaux électriques, celui par le truchement duquel les effets de l'électronique se manifestent à nous, c'est l'oscilloscope. Hélas, quand on commence à faire de l'électronique, c'est souvent sans oscilloscope. Et l'on en est réduit à tâtonner, aussi bien physiquement que mentalement. Le jour où l'on goûte à la visualisation des signaux sur un écran, c'est une révélation. Plus personne ne souhaite se priver de cet enchantement. Pas de retour en arrière. En électronique, si l'on veut progresser dans le plaisir et dans la compréhension, il faut un oscillo. Commence alors une période d'interrogation : comment choisir ? Et à peine cette question-là aura-t-elle trouvé sa réponse, il en viendra une ribambelle d'autres que l'on peut résumer en une seule : comment se servir de l'oscilloscope de telle sorte que ce qu'il affiche corresponde bien à la réalité des signaux ? Dans ce livre, Rémy Mallard, répond clairement à ces questions. Il donne aussi de nombreuses informations pour aider son lecteur à élucider lui-même de nouveaux mystères qui ne manqueront pas de surgir. Ceux qui le connaissent déjà comme l'auteur d'un livre sur l'électronique dont le titre est un programme à lui tout seul : L'électronique pour les débutants qui sèchent les cours mais soudent sans se brûler les doigts, ainsi que d'un livre d'initiation à la programmation des microcontrôleurs PIC, savent qu'ils trouveront ici un ouvrage utile, qu'ils rouvriront souvent.

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Make your project dreams come true: an odometer for the hamster wheel, a fully automatic control of your ant farm with web interface, or the Sandwich-O-Mat – a machine that toasts and grills sandwiches of your choice. With the Arduino and the DIY or Maker movement, not only did entry into microcontroller programming become child's play, but a second development also took place: Resourceful developers brought small boards – so-called shields or modules – to the market, which greatly simplified the use of additional hardware. The small modules contain all the important electronic parts to be connected to the microcontroller with a few plug-in cables, eliminating the need for a fiddly and time-consuming assembly on the plug-in board. In addition, it is also possible to handle tiny components that do not have any connecting legs (so-called SMDs). Projects Discussed Arduino seeks connection BMP and introduction to libraries, I²C Learn I/O basics with the multi-purpose shield I²C LCD adapter and DOT matrix displays LCD keypad shield Level converter W5100: Internet connection I/O expansion shield Relays and solid-state relays The multi-function shield: A universal control unit Connecting an SD card reader via SPI Keys and 7-segment displays 16-bit ADC MCP4725 DAC 16-way PWM servo driver MP3 player GPS data logger using an SD card Touch sensor Joystick SHT31: Temperature and humidity VEML6070 UV-A sensor VL53L0X time-of-flight Ultrasonic distance meter MAX7219-based LED DOT matrix display DS3231 RTC Port expander MCP23017 433 MHz radio MPU-650 gyroscope ADXL345 accelerometer WS2812 RGB LEDs Power supply MQ-xx gas sensors CO2 gas sensor ACS712 current sensor INA219 current sensor L298 motor driver MFRC522 RFID 28BYJ-48 stepper motor TMC2209 silent step stick X9C10x digital potentiometer ST7735 in a color TFT display e-Paper display Bluetooth Geiger counter SIM800L GSM module I²C multiplexer Controller Area Network

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Discover endless creativity with the Universal Maker Sensor Kit, designed for use with Raspberry Pi, Pico W, Arduino, and ESP32. This versatile kit offers compatibility across popular development platforms, including Arduino Uno R4 Minima/WiFi, Uno R3, Mega 2560, Raspberry Pi 5, 4, 3B+, 3B, Zero, Pico W, and ESP32. Featuring over 35 sensors, actuators, and displays, it's perfect for projects ranging from environmental monitoring and smart home automation to robotics and interactive gaming. Step-by-step tutorials in C/C++, Python, and MicroPython guide beginners and experienced makers alike through 169 exciting projects. Features Wide Compatibility: Fully supports Arduino (Uno R3, Uno R4 Minima/WiFi, Mega 2560), Raspberry Pi (5, 4, 3B+, 3B, Zero, Pico W), and ESP32, enabling extensive flexibility across numerous development platforms. Includes instructions for building 169 projects. Comprehensive Components: Features more than 35 sensors, actuators, and display modules suitable for diverse projects such as environmental monitoring, smart home automation, robotics, and interactive game controllers. Detailed Tutorials: Provides clear, step-by-step tutorials covering Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Pico W, ESP32, and each included component. Tutorials are available in C/C++, Python, and MicroPython, catering effectively to both beginners and experienced makers. Suitable for All Skill Levels: Offers structured projects designed to guide users seamlessly from beginner to advanced proficiency in electronics and programming, enhancing creativity and technical expertise. Included Breadboard Button Module Capacitive Soil Moisture Module Flame Sensor Module Gas/Smoke Sensor Module (MQ2) Gyroscope & Accelerometer Module (MPU6050) Hall Sensor Module Infrared Speed Sensor Module IR Obstacle Avoidance Sensor Module Joystick Module PCF8591 ADC DAC Converter Module Photoresistor Module PIR Motion Module (HC-SR501) Potentiometer Module Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor Module (MAX30102) Raindrop Detection Module Real Time Clock Module (DS1302) Rotary Encoder Module Temperature Sensor Module (DS18B20) Temperature and Humidity Sensor Module (DHT11) Temperature, Humidity & Pressure Sensor (BMP280) Time of Flight Micro-LIDAR Distance Sensor (VL53L0X) Touch Sensor Module Ultrasonic Sensor Module (HC-SR04) Vibration Sensor Module (SW-420) Water Level Sensor Module I²C LCD 1602 OLED Display Module (SSD1306) RGB LED Module Traffic Light Module 5 V Relay Module Centrifugal Pump L9110 Motor Driver Module Passive Buzzer Module Servo Motor (SG90) TT Motor ESP8266 Module JDY-31 Bluetooth Module Power Supply Module Documentation Online Tutorial

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As demand for solar panel installation has risen sharply, especially for installations larger than balcony power plants, the order books of solar companies are full. If you ask for a quote today, you may have to wait a while, if your request isn't simply postponed indefinitely. Another consequence of the solar boom is that some companies are charging very high prices for installations. Yet there is an obvious and radical solution to the problem of excessive prices: Do it yourself, as the English say. The price of materials is currently affordable, and it's the ideal time for those who do the work themselves. They couldn't save more. Add to this the satisfaction of doing something useful, both economically and ecologically, and the pleasure of building yourself. In this special issue, you'll find a wide selection of Elektor assemblies, from solar panel controllers to solar water heaters and solar panel orientation systems. The issue also contains practical information on solar panel installation and the technology behind them. Finally, there are a number of articles on the subject of balcony power plants, from how to install them to how to connect them to the Internet... Contents BASICS Dimensioning Photovoltaic Panel ArraysAn introduction to photovoltaic energy and the commonest techniques,followed by simplified calculation models and setup guidelines. Light Sensor TechnologyMeasuring daylight using LEDs. Solar Power Made SimpleSolar charging with and without a controller. Cable Cross-sections and Energy Losses in Solar SystemsKey considerations on the minimum values to respect for electricalcurrent in solar panel cabling. Solar ModulesEverything you always wanted to know about solar panels... Ideal Diode ControllerDiode Circuits with Low Power Dissipation. TIPS Tracking for Solar Modules zBot Solar/Battery Power Supply Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator Solar Cell Voltage Regulator Solar-Powered Night Light Alternative Solar Battery Charger PROJECTS Energy LoggerMeasuring and Recording Power Consumption. Tiny Solar SupplySunlight In, 3.3 V Out. A Do-It-Yourself DTURead Data from Small Inverters by μC. Solar ChargerPortable energy for people on the move. Solar Thermal Energy RegulatorMaximum power point tracking explored. 2-amp Maximum Power Tracking ChargerSolar Power To The Max. Computer-driven HeliostatFollow the sun or the stars. Garden LightingUsing solar cells. Solar Panel Voltage Converter for IoT DevicesYes we CAN exploit indoor lighting. Travel ChargerFree power in the mountains. Solar Cell Battery Charger/MonitorWith protection against deep discharge. Solar-powered Battery ChargerPIC12C671 avoids overcharging and deep charging. Converters for Photovoltaic PanelsContributed by TME (Transfer MultisortElektronik). Solar Charging RegulatorFor panels up to 53 watts. Solar-Powered ChargerFor lead-acid batteries. CAN Bus + Arduino for Solar PV Cell MonitoringDetect and locate serviceable panels in large arrays. Balcony Power Plant 2.0The latest: solar panels, installation and inverters

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Diese Ausgabe steht allen GOLD- und GREEN-Mitgliedern auf der ElektorMagazine-Website zum Download bereit! Sie sind noch kein Mitglied? Hier klicken! Arduino Portenta Machine Control und Arduino Potenta H7Ein CAN-zu-MQTT Gateway Demo Projekt Ausgepackt: Der Elektor-LCR-Meter-Bausatz von Elektor MicroPython hält Einzug in die Arduino-Welt Vernetzte Projekte, einfach eingerichtetIhr Weg in die Arduino-Cloud Einführung in TinyMLGroß ist nicht immer besser Arduino K-Way Komfortableres Schreiben von Arduino-Sketches Lernen Sie Arduino kennen! Erste Schritte mit Portenta X8Sichere Softwareverwaltung mit Containern Skalierbare, sichere Anwendungen erstellen, in Betrieb nehmen und pflegenArduino Portenta X8 mit dem i.MX 8M Mini-Anwendungsprozessor von NXP und dem EdgeLock Secure Element SE050 Wie ich mein Haus automatisiert habeArduino-CEO Fabio Violante entwickelt und teilt Lösungen Altair-8800-EmulatorHardware-Simulation eines alten Computers MS-DOS auf dem Portenta-H7-BoardAlte Software auf moderner Hardware ausführen Grow It YourselfEine digital gesteuerte Anzuchtbox für Indoor-Farming Kann Hausautomatisierung den Planeten retten?MQTT auf dem Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect Professionelle Anwendungen mit Arduino Pro Intelligente Backöfen der nächsten Generation Tagvance sorgt mit Arduino für sicherere Baustellen Santagostino atmet auf!mit einer Fernüberwachung, die KI für vorausschauende Wartung nutzt Höchste Sicherheit mit der MKR-basierten Lösung von RIoT Secure Eine neue Generation des Wassermanagements mit Open-Source SensoAbholzung mit Schallanalyse aufspüren Die Arduino-Bibliothek Mozzi für KlangsyntheseEinblicke von Tim Barrass Das neue Portenta-X8-Board (mit Linux!) und Max Carrier machen es möglich! Wie Arduino Schülern hilft, zukünftige Fähigkeiten zu entwickeln Must-Haves für Ihren Elektronik-Arbeitsplatz Die Bedeutung der Robotik in der Ausbildung Ein zuverlässiges IoT auf Basis von LoRa Ausgepackt: die Portenta-Maschinensteuerung 8-Bit-Gaming mit Arduboy Reduzierung des Wasserverbrauchs auf der PferderennbahnEin IoT zur ständigen Überwachung von Bodenfeuchtigkeit und Temperaturen Das Panettone-ProjektEin Robotsystem zur Verwaltung von Sauerteigstartern Unterstützung durch Arduino-Reseller Space Invaders mit Arduino Kunst mit ArduinoInspirierende Einblicke von Künstlern und Designern Arduino-Produktkatalog Die Zukunft von ArduinoDavid und Fabio orakeln

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. PbMonitor v2.0 UpdateBattery Monitoring with Improved Analog Design Audio Latency MeasurementA Standalone Tool for Evaluating Errors and Latency in Audio Transmission Square Wave vs. Bode PlotChecking the Performances of an Audio Device embedded world 2026 Clever Coding with AIAI in Software Development for Electronics Engineers QA403 Audio AnalyzerAffordable Precision for Audio Professionals and Hobbyists EasyGimbalAutonomous Camera Tracking with AI, Stepper and Servo Motors Sigfox Breakout Board (2)Sending Messages Circuit ProtectionControlling Overvoltages with TVS Diodes Emerging Battery Testing ApproachesA New Era of Diagnostics AudiotronicsA First Preamplifier CANopenTermAn Open-Source Tool That Brings CAN to Makers and Engineers Alike Stabilization of Operational AmplifiersAvoiding Feedback Instability Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Signal ConditioningTips and Tricks to Fit Voltage Ranges TDR Attachment for OscilloscopesLength, Short Circuit, Mismatch: Measure Cables Using Reflections! From Life's ExperienceLED It Be Speaker Oscillator and Resonance TesterA Fully Experimental Project for Your Speakers Elektor Community Perspectives on Test and Measurement ESP32 Audio Transceiver Board (Part 5)Audio Processing and Remote Control 2026: An AI OdysseyAI Has a Context Problem Battery Storage for Balcony Power PlantsSmall Batteries, Big Impact

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When you experiment with the Raspberry Pi on a regular basis and you connect a variety of external hardware to the GPIO port via the header you may well have caused some damage in the past. The Elektor Raspberry Pi Buffer Board is there to prevent this! The board is compatible with Raspberry Pi Zero, Zero 2 (W), 3, 4, 5, 400 and 500. All 26 GPIOs are buffered with bi-directional voltage translators to protect the Raspberry Pi when experimenting with new circuits. The PCB is intended to be inserted in the back of Raspberry Pi 400/500. The connector to connect to the Raspberry Pi is a right angled 40-way receptacle (2x20). The PCB is only a fraction wider. A 40-way flat cable with appropriate 2x20 headers can be connected to the buffer output header to experiment for instance with a circuit on a breadboard or PCB. The circuit uses 4x TXS0108E ICs by Texas Instruments. The PCB can also be put upright on a Raspberry Pi. Downloads Schematics Layout

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Raspberry Pi Pico as Spectrum AnalyzerFFTs on a Low-Cost Hardware Basis ±40-V Linear Voltage RegulatorAn Alternative Power Supply for the Fortissimo-100 Power Amplifier… and Others! MCU Wireless Communication Made FlexibleEEPROM Opens Networking Prospects for Wireless MCUs €5,000 up for grabs!Join the STM32 Wireless Innovation Design Contest 2023: An AI OdysseyGetting Started with ChatGPT’s Code Interpreter LoRa, a Swiss Army Knife (1)The LoRa Protocol and Its Advantages Adjustable Current Sink with Integrated Clock GeneratorTest Power Supplies, Voltage Converters and Batteries Two New Arduino UNO R4 Boards: Minima and WiFi Logarithmic PotentiometersThey’re Exponential! Motor Driver Breakout BoardA BoB for a 5 A DC Motor Driver with a 3×3 mm Size From Life’s ExperienceHazardous Electronics Is Cellular the Lowest-Power Option for IoT?LTE-M and NB-IoT Energy Requirements in LPWAN Deployments Wireless Communication in IoT Systems – Using Arduino MKR ModulesThe Right Board for Wi-Fi, LoRa, and Many More Standards AC Losses in Magnetic ComponentsAvoid Hot Inductors! Measurement for Optimal Cloud Deployment Matter Adoption: What does it take to deploy Matter devices? YARD Stick OneA Sub-1 GHz Wireless Test Tool Latching RelaysPeculiar Parts, the Series PIC O’Clock – In Touch with TimeDesigning an SDR Time Signal Receiver Due Diligence DirectiveBusiness as Usual Will Not Do Starting Out in Electronics……Voltage Amplification Infrasound Recorder with the Arduino Pro MiniA Sample Project from Elektor’s “Arduino & Co.” Book Cloud-Based Energy MeterWith ESP32 Module and PZEM-004T Voltage/Current Sensor A Bare-Metal Programming Guide (Part 2)Accurate Timing, the UART, and Debugging Hexadoku

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Relio v1.0 - Presence Detection and Remote ControlA Matter-Enabled Smart Controller for AC Appliances Designing Better PCBsA Practical Guide for Professionals and Makers KiCad 9Top New and Updated Features Precision Picoammeter (1)With Curve Tracer Functionality Down to the pA range! Christmas Star 2025A Star Is Soldered 100 mV Continuity Tester Who’s Pushing the Boundaries of European Electronics?Companies to Watch productronica 2025: What’s New in Electronics Development and Production Automation to Tackle Reshoring Manufacturing, Tariffs and Labour Shortages Beyond Future ProofCircularity in Electronics Passive ComponentsLow-Loss Inductors Enabling High-Efficiency DC/DC Converters How Desktop Manufacturing Machines Are Democratizing PCB Production Starting Out in Electronics...Needs Power UHD Displays Driven with EaseYour Guide to Easily Put Various TFT-LCDs Into Operation Quickly Soldering in 2025Practical Soldering Tips Straight from the Workbench SimulIDEAn All-in-One Tool for Circuit Prototyping 2025: An AI OdysseyFrom Autocomplete to Colleague Wordy Christmas TreeA Festive Electronics Project with a Linguistic Twist Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Analog Pipeline DistortionA Cool Audio Effect For Guitars and Other Instruments ESP32 Audio Transceiver Board (Part 3)Stereo Transmission and Dual Radio

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. PbMonitor v1.0A Battery-Monitoring System for UPS and Energy Storage Applications Solar Charge Controller with MPPT (1)Basic Principles of a Solar Controller for Stand-Alone Systems B-Field Integration Magnetometer With Home-Made Sensors Precise or Accurate?Your Instruments Need to Be Both! AD7124 A Precision ADC in PracticeFeatures for Sensor Signal Conditioning PID Control ToolOptimize Your Parameters Easily embedded world 2025 Starting Out in Electronics……Continues with Tone Control Academy Pro BoxBook + Online Course + Hardware Milliohmmeter AdapterUses the Precision of Your Multimeter The Next Leap in SemiconductorsOnward Toward 1.4 nm Through-Hole Technology ConnectorsThe Best of Two Worlds: THR Frequency CounterPortable and Auto-Calibrating Via GPS Analog MetersPeculiar Parts, the Series Stand-Alone Crystal TesterHow Accurate Is Your Clock Source? Low-Cost I²C TesterConnect I²C Devices Directly to Your PC From Life’s ExperienceWho Doesn’t Honor the Small Things? 2025: An AI OdysseyThe Transformative Impact on Software Development Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (2)Enhancing Our Setup with Intelligence Nortonized Wien Bridge OscillatorSmall Changes Yield Significant Improvements Putting a $0.10 Controller to the TestThe CH32V003 RISC-V Microcontroller and MounRiver Studio in Practice An FPGA-Based Audio Player with Equalizer (2)Adding Volume Control, Advanced Mixing, and a Web Interface

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Ziel dieses Buches ist, auf einfache Weise zu zeigen, wie mit der populären Hochsprache C# ein PC programmiert werden kann. Am Anfang beschreibt das Buch Datentypen und Programmsteuerungen, die dann um fortschrittliche Konzepte wie die objektorientierte Programmierung, Threads, die Internetkommunikation und Datenbanken erweitert werden. Alle verwendeten Code-Beispiele stehen unter "Downloads" zum Herunterladen bereit. Mit den vorgestellten Konzepten können auf einfache Weise eigene Ergebnisse erzielt und somit der Lernprozess unterstützt werden. Auch professionelle Software-Tools von Microsoft stehen zum kostenlosen Download zur Verfügung. Die Anwender stellen für Microsoft's Visual Studio 2010 eine Vielzahl von Steuerungen, Eigenschaften, Methoden und Ereignissen bereit. Leser, die die Hardware eines PCs steuern wollen, erhalten genaue Anleitungen. In den Kapiteln über PC-Schnittstellen wird das Erbe der seriellen und parallelen Ports besprochen, analoge Zugänge steuern die Soundkarte und verwenden DirectX-Treiber von Microsoft. Die Anbindung des allgegenwärtigen USB-Ports wird genau erklärt, einschließlich des Entwurfs von Hard- und Software zur Steuerung eines PIC-Boards via USB. Viele Programmbeispiele, praktische Übungen und Links auf Support-Videos vervollständigen dieses Buch – das teilweise in englischer Originalsprache. Universitätsdozenten bieten für die meisten Kapitel Hilfen in Form von herunterladbaren PowerPoint-Präsentationen an. Das vorliegende Buch von Dr. John Allwork berücksichtigt bei der C#-Entwicklung auch die neue Version Visual Studio 2010 und das Microsoft-Betriebssystem Windows 7.

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