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Eén ding hebben alle elektronische schakelingen en apparaten gemeen: de werking ervan staat of valt met de voeding. Alleen al daarom verdient deze deelschakeling speciale aandacht. Dit boek behandelt principes en schakelingen uit de praktijk van de voedingstechniek. Geheel in overeenstemming met de huidige trend gaat de auteur in het bijzonder in op 'mobiele' voedingen en op de techniek van schakelende voedingen. Ook wordt aandacht besteed aan het feit dat constante-stroombronnen ten opzichte van spanningsbronnen een steeds belangrijker rol gaan spelen. Naast de vereiste theoretische achtergronden en principes voor het ontwerpen en bouwen van eigen voedingsschakelingen biedt dit boek ook praktische toepassingsvoorbeelden, zoals het vervangen van defecte nettransformatoren, de voeding voor elektronica tijdens fietstochten of het aansturen van LED‘s in de verlichtingstechniek. Auteur Franz Peter Zantis is afgestudeerd als ingenieur communicatietechniek en houdt zich als elektronicus bezig met energie-installaties. Tijdens een onderzoeksproject heeft hij zich grondig verdiept in de stroomvoorziening van zelfstandig werkende apparaten en hij heeft talrijke artikelen over schakelende voedingen gepubliceerd.

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Mikrocontroller 1 (PDF)

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There are many so-called 'Arduino compatible' platforms on the market. The ESP8266 – in the form of the WeMos D1 Mini Pro – is one that really stands out. This device includes WiFi Internet access and the option of a flash file system using up to 16 MB of external flash memory. Furthermore, there are ample in/output pins (though only one analogue input), PWM, I²C, and one-wire. Needless to say, you are easily able to construct many small IoT devices! This book contains the following builds: A colourful smart home accessory refrigerator controller 230 V power monitor door lock monitor and some further spin-off devices. All builds are documented together with relevant background information for further study. For your convenience, there is a small PCB for most of the designs; you can also use a perf board. You don’t need to be an expert but the minimum recommended essentials include basic experience with a PC, software, and hardware, including the ability to surf the Internet and assemble PCBs. And of course: A handle was kept on development costs. All custom software for the IoT devices and PCB layouts are available for free download from at Elektor.com.

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Ist es möglich, Fehler in Röhren und Ausgangstrafos spürbar zu kompensieren? Im vorigen Jahrhundert wurden sehr viele Maßnahmen zum Erreichen dieses Ziels entwickelt. Eine dieser Methoden ist in Vergessenheit geraten: Transkonduktanz, was soviel bedeutet wie „Umsetzung von Strom in Spannung” und umgekehrt. Autor Menno van der Veen hat diese Methode wieder zum Leben erweckt und gab ihr den Arbeitstitel „Trans”. Die Hintergründe und Eigenschaften werden genau so sorgfältig beschrieben wie die Fallstricke dieses Verfahrens, die Schritt für Schritt eliminiert werden. Dies führt letztlich zu einer Liste strenger Bedingungen, die von Trans erfüllt werden müssen. Mit diesen Geräten entwickelt er neue Trans-Verstärker, die mit Trans-Mini-1 und Trans-Mini-2 beginnen. Dabei handelt es sich um einfach nachzubauende, DC-gekoppelte Single-Ended-Röhrenverstärker mit ungeahnt guten Eigenschaften. Anschließend wird Trans an Verstärker mit höherer Leistung angepasst. Durch abwechselnde Rückschläge und Erfolge schließlich entsteht der Vanderveen-Trans-30, in welchem das Gute des Trans noch weiter verbessert wurde. Die besonderen Eigenschaften dieses Verstärkers waren es, die Menno van der Veen schließlich zu der Aussage bewogen, „Gold” in seinen Händen zu halten. Mittels Simulation und Vergleich mit anderen Verstärkertypen werden die Trans-Bedingungen erneut überprüft, um sicher zu stellen, dass Abweichungen in den Röhren das optimale Verhalten von Trans nicht beeinflussen. Dieses Buch liest sich wie ein spannender Roman, aber es ist mehr: Eine solide Untersuchung hinsichtlich neuer Methoden zum Erreichen einer optimalen Audiowiedergabe.

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The FNIRSI LCR-ST1 is a compact, multifunctional, and smart LCR tester that supports automatic measurements of resistance, capacitance, inductance, diode testing, and continuity. Its 1.14-inch color display combined with a convenient magnetic adsorption function enhances ease of use, while the built-in 250 mAh lithium battery ensures long-lasting performance. The device supports three frequency ranges (100 Hz, 1 kHz and 10 kHz) and offers 0.3 V and 0.6 V RMS test levels for versatile testing applications. The unique tweezer-shaped design of the LCR-ST1 is ideal for delicate tasks in confined spaces and enables fast and accurate testing of electronic components. Its light weight and portable design make it an invaluable tool for both field and laboratory use. Whether you are an experienced engineer or just starting out in electronics, the LCR-ST1 delivers reliable and accurate measurement results, allowing you to complete your tasks with greater efficiency and precision. Features Offers 3 test frequencies (100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz) and 2 test voltage levels. Features automatic component identification for faster and more reliable measurements. High-resolution 1.14-inch color display for clear readouts. Supports automatic data recording and storage. The tweezer tips are made from gold-plated brass for enhanced durability and conductivity. Specifications Resistance Range 10 mΩ – 10 MΩ Capacitance Range 1 pF – 22 mF Inductance Range 1 μh – 10 H Diode On voltage 0.7 V Frequency Test 100 Hz, 1k Hz, 10 KHz Level Test 0.3 V, 0.6 V RMS Parameter Display ESR, D value, Q value, Z value, X value Display 1.14" HD color screen Charging Interface USB-C, 5 V/1 A Power Supply Built-in 250 mAh lithium battery Auto Recognition Measurement Yes Replaceable Tweezer Head Yes Auto Shutdown Yes Data Hold Yes History Record Connect to PC to view and export Dimensions 28 x 19 x 150 mm Weight 41 g Included 1x LCR-ST1 SMD Tweezers 2x Hook Tips 1x Magnetic Patch 1x USB cable 1x Tool bag 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware V1.6

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3rd Edition – Fully updated for Raspberry Pi 4 The Raspberry Pi is a very cheap but complete computer system that allows all sorts of electronics parts and extensions to be connected. This book addresses one of the strongest aspects of the Raspberry Pi: the ability to combine hands-on electronics and programming. Combine hands-on electronics and programming After a short introduction to the Raspberry Pi you proceed with installing the required software. The SD card that can be purchased in conjunction with this book contains everything to get started with the Raspberry Pi. At the side of the (optional) Windows PC, software is used which is free for downloading. The book continues with a concise introduction to the Linux operating system, after which you start programming in Bash, Python 3 and Javascript. Although the emphasis is on Python, the coverage is brief and to the point in all cases – just enabling you to grasp the essence of all projects and start adapting them to your requirements. All set, you can carry on with fun projects. The book is ideal for self-study No fewer than 45 exciting and compelling projects are discussed and elaborated in detail. From a flashing lights to driving an electromotor; from processing and generating analog signals to a lux meter and a temperature control. We also move to more complex projects like a motor speed controller, a web server with CGI, client-server applications and Xwindows programs. Each project has details of the way it got designed that way The process of reading, building, and programming not only provides insight into the Raspberry Pi, Python, and the electronic parts used, but also enables you to modify or extend the projects any way you like. Also, feel free to combine several projects into a larger design.

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This multi-axis robot perfectly balances power and size. Features Payload: 5 kg Reach: 700 mm Repeatability: 0.1 mm Max Speed 1000 mm/s Applications Machine Tending Bin Picking Mobile platform Lab Automation Robotic Research Durable Collaborative robots for your automation Industrial-grade harmonic drive and servomotors guarantee 24/7 working without stop. Crafted from Carbon fiber, 15 kg weight makes it possible for easier deployment. Flexible deployment with safe feature Hand teaching, lightweight, space-saving and easy to re-deploy to multiple applications without changing your production layout. Perfectly for recurrent tasks. Collision detection is available for all of our cobots. Your safety is always the top priority. Graphical interface for beginner-friendly programming Compatible with various of operation systems, including macOS and Windows. Web-based technology compatible with all major browsers. Drag and drop to create your code in minutes. Powerful and open source SDK at your fingertips Fully functional open-source Python/C++ SDK provides more flexible programming. ROS/ROS2 packages are ready-to-go. Example codes help you to deploy the robotic arm smoothly. Specifications UFactory 850 xArm 5 xArm 6 xArm 7 Payload 5 kg 3 kg 5 kg 3.5 kg Reach 850 mm 700 mm 700 mm 700 mm Degrees of freedom 6 5 6 7 Repeatability ±0.02 mm ±0.1 mm ±0.1 mm ±0.1 mm Maximum Speed 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s Weight (robot arm only) 20 kg 11.2 kg 12.2 kg 13.7 kg Maximum Speed 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s 180°/s Joint 1 ±360° ±360° ±360° ±360° Joint 2 -132°～132° -118°～120° -118°～120° -118°～120° Joint 3 -242°~3.5° -225°~11° -225°~11° ±360° Joint 4 ±360° -97°~180° ±360° -11°～225° Joint 5 -124°~124° ±360° -97°~180° ±360° Joint 6 ±360° ±360° -97°~180° Joint 7 ±360° Hardware xArm Robot specs Ambient Temperature Range 0-50°C Power Consumption Min 8.4 W, Typical 200 W, max 400 W Input Power Supply 24 V DC, 16.5 A Footprint Ø 126 mm Materials Aluminum, Carbon Fiber Base Connector Type M5x5 ISO Class Cleanroom 5 Robot Mounting Any End Effector Communication Protocol Modbus RTU(rs485) End Effector I/O 2x DI/2x DO/2x AI/1x RS485 Communication Mode Ethernet Included 1x xArm 6 robotic arm 1x AC control box 1x Robotic arm power cable 1x Robotic arm end effector adapter cable 1x Robotic arm signal cable 1x Control box power cable 1x Network cable 1x Mounting tool 1x Quick start guide

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This book is aimed at practising engineers, students and hobbyists. It is intended as a source of reference for hardware and software associated with instrumentation and control engineering. Examples are presented from a range of industries and applications. Throughout the book, circuit diagrams and software listings are described, typical of many measurement and control applications. The hardware and software designs may be used as a basis for application by the reader. The book contains examples of PIC, PLC, PAC and PC programming. All code samples are available to download free of charge from the support website. After an introductory section on control theory and modelling, the text focus is upon software for control system simulation and implementation, with appropriate reference to interfacing, electronic hardware and computing platforms. Introduction to Control Engineering is a sourcebook of solutions for control system applications!

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Soldering station for precision soldering with actively heated soldering tip The AE970D soldering iron station is a 80 W high power tool to heat up to solder fastly. Its wide temperature range of 150-550°C (302-1022°F) could meet all your soldering needs. Thanks to its high performance plug-and-play integrated active tip, AE970D can reach melting point within 9 seconds. Patented close-loop automatic constant temperature control technology can ensure its soldering with high stability, excellent performance and precise accuracy. Features 80 W high power to enable fast heating up Wider temperature range of 150-550°C (302-1022°F) to meet all your soldering needs High performance plug-and-play integrated active tip, can reach melting point within 9 seconds Patented close-loop automatic constant temperature control technology to ensure high stability, excellent performance and precise accuracy Specifications Power 80 W Input voltage 110 VAC / 230 VAC Output voltage 25 VAC Temperature range 150-550°C (302-1022°F) Heating element T80 series integrated active heater Temperature stability ±1°C/±1.8°F (when temperature >200°C/400°F) Tip to ground resistance <2 Ω Tip to ground voltage <2 mV Power cord length 1 m Handle cable length 1.2 m Dimensions 148 x 120 x 85 mm Weight (main unit) 1.33 kg Included Main unit Soldering iron incl. soldering tip T80-D12 Iron stand Brass wool Manual

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Fliegen ist wohl einer der ältesten Träume der Menschheit. Dieser Traum ist immer noch ein Traum, denn ein durchschnittlicher Linienflug bedeutet vor allem eines: ganz lange sitzen mit zu vielen anderen Leuten, in einem zu engem Raum mit zu wenig Toiletten. Nein, da ist es viel besser, mit einem Multikopter zu fliegen. Wenn Sie die Welt durch eine Multikopterkamera betrachten, ähnelt das dem wirklichen Fliegen eines Vogels mehr als alles andere. Multikopter boomen. 2015 wurden drei Mal so viele verkauft wie 2014. Multikopter beeindrucken auch durch eine Technologie, die es vor zehn Jahren noch nicht gab (oder die damals unbezahlbar war). Die Akkus, der Flugcontroller, die Stabilisierung, die Kameras bis hin zu den Motoren, das sind alles neue Produkte und Technologien! Und diese entwickeln sich überdies sehr schnell weiter. In dieser Zeitschrift lesen Sie, wie Sie Ihren Multikopter mit der neuesten Technik aufrüsten können oder wie Sie gar einen Multikopter kaufen, der seiner Zeit voraus ist. Multikopterträume sind auch Träume von Anwendungen, die vor ein paar Jahren kaum vorstellbar waren. Es ist wie bei der Einführung des PCs in den achtziger Jahren: Wir ahnen noch nicht einmal, wie die Welt morgen aussehen wird. Da für (fast) alle Multikopter-Anwendungen neuartige Software entwickeln werden muss, werden auch andere IT-Bereiche davon profitieren. In dieser Zeitschrift finden Sie auch hierzu Informationen.

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Temporary Delay in the Delivery of Unitree Robots Like many other suppliers, we are currently experiencing delays in the delivery of Unitree robots. A shipment from our supplier is currently held in customs, which has unfortunately led to later-than-planned deliveries for previously placed orders. We are actively working with our supplier to resolve this issue and expect more clarity soon, but at this time, we cannot provide any guarantees. Additionally, a new shipment is already on its way, though it will take some time to arrive. Since other suppliers are facing similar challenges, switching to a different provider is unlikely to result in a faster solution. Our top priority remains fulfilling existing orders. If you have any questions or would like to update your order, please do not hesitate to contact our customer service team. We will keep you informed of any further developments. Unitree Go2 series consists of quadruped robots for the research & development of autonomous systems in the fields of human-robot interaction (HRI), SLAM & transportation. Due to the four legs, as well as the 12DOF, this robot can handle a variety of different terrains. The Go2 comes with a perfected drive & power management system, which enables a speed (depending on the version) of up to 3.7 m/s or 11.88 km/h with an operating time of up to 4 hours. Furthermore, the motors have a torque of 45 N.m at the body/thighs and at the knees, which also allow jumps or backflips. Features Super Recognition System: 4D LIDAR L1 Max Running Speed: approx. 5 m/s Peak Joint Torque: approx. 45 N.m Wireless Module: WiFi 6/Bluetooth/4G Ultra-long battery Endurance: approx. 2-4 h (long battery life measured in real life) Intelligent Side-follow System: ISS 2.0 Specifications Tracking module: Remote-controlled or automatic tracking Front camera: Image tansmission Resolution 1280x720, FOV 120°, Ultra wide angle lens deliver rich clarity Front lamp: Brightly lights the way ahead 4D LiDAR L1: 360°x90° omnidirectional ultra-wide-angle scanning allows automatic avoidance with small blind spot and stable operation 12 knee joint motors: Strong and powerful, Beautiful and simple, Brandy new visual experience Intercom microphone: Effective communication with no scenario restrictions Self-retracting strap: Easy to carry and load things More stable, more powerful with advanced devices: 3D LiDAR, 4G ESIM Card, WiFi 6 with Dual-band, Bluetooth 5.2 for stable connection and remote control Powerful Computing Core: Motion controller, High-performance ARM processor, Improved Al algorithm processor, External ORIN NX/NANO Smart battery: Standard 8000 mAh battery, Long-endurance 15000 mAh battery, Protection from over-temp, overcharge and short-circuit Speaker for music play: Listen to music as your pleasure Unitree Go2 Variants The Go2 impresses not only with its technical capabilities, but also with a modern and slim design that gives it a futuristic look and makes it a real eye-catcher. The Go2 Air is specially designed for demos and presentations. With its basic features, it offers a solid basis for demonstrating the movement capabilities and functionality of a four-legged robot. Important: The Go2 Air is delivered without a controller. This can be purchased optionally. With a powerful 8-core high-performance CPU, the Pro and Edu offer impressive computing power required for complex tasks and demanding calculations. This enables faster and more efficient data processing and makes the Pro and Edu a reliable partner for your projects. From the Edu version onwards, the Go2 is programmable and opens up endless possibilities for developing and researching your own robotics applications. The Go2 is also able to handle a step height of up to 14 cm. This makes it an ideal tool for research, education and entry into the world of robotics. The Go2 Edu comes with a remote controller that gives you easy and intuitive control. You also get a docking station with impressive computing power of 100 TOPS, which is equipped with powerful AI algorithms and offers you technical support. Go2 Edu is equipped with a powerful 15000 mAh battery that gives it an impressive runtime of up to 4 hours. This long operating time allows the robot to carry out longer exploration missions and complete demanding tasks. Model Comparison Air Pro Edu/Edu Plus Dimensions (standing) 70 x 31 x 40 cm 70 x 31 x 40 cm 70 x 31 x 40 cm Dimensions (crouching) 76 x 31 x 20 cm 76 x 31 x 20 cm 76 x 31 x 20 cm Material Aluminium alloy + High strength engineering plastic Aluminium alloy + High strength engineering plastic Aluminium alloy + High strength engineering plastic Weight (with battery) about 15 kg about 15 kg about 15 kg Voltage 28~33.6 V 28~33.6 V 28~33.6 V Peaking capacity about 3000 W about 3000 W about 3000 W Payload ≈7 kg (MAX ~ 10 kg) ≈8 kg (MAX ~ 10 kg) ≈8 kg (MAX ~ 12 kg) Speed 0~2.5 m/s 0~3.5 m/s 0~3.7 m/s (MAX ~ 5 m/s) Max Climb Drop Height about 15 cm about 16 cm about 16 cm Max Climb Angle 30° 40° 40° Basic Computing Power N/A 8-core High-performance CPU 8-core High-performance CPU Aluminum knee joint motor 12 set 12 set 12 set Intra-joint circuit (knee) ✓ ✓ ✓ Joint Heat Pipe Cooler ✓ ✓ ✓ Range of Motion Body: −48~48° Body: −48~48° Body: −48~48° Thigh: −200°~90° Thigh: −200°~90° Thigh: −200°~90° Shank: −156°~−48° Shank: −156°~−48° Shank: −156°~−48° Max Torque N/A about 45 N.m about 45 N.m Super-wide-angle 3D LiDAR ✓ ✓ ✓ Wireless Vector Positioning Tracking Module N/A ✓ ✓ HD Wide-angle Camera ✓ ✓ ✓ Foot-end force sensor N/A N/A ✓ Basic Action ✓ ✓ ✓ Auto-scaling strap N/A ✓ N/A Upgraded Intelligent OTA ✓ ✓ ✓ RTT 2.0 Image Transmission ✓ ✓ ✓ App Basic Remote Control ✓ ✓ ✓ App Data Viewing ✓ ✓ ✓ App Graphical Programme ✓ ✓ ✓ Front Lamp (3 W) ✓ ✓ ✓ WiFi 6 with Dual-band ✓ ✓ ✓ Bluetooth 5.2/4.2/2.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4G Module N/A CN/GB CN/GB Voice Function N/A ✓ ✓ Music Playback N/A ✓ ✓ ISS 2.0 Intelligent side-follow system N/A ✓ ✓ Intelligent detection and avoidance ✓ ✓ ✓ Secondary development N/A N/A ✓ Manual controller Optional Optional ✓ High computing power module N/A N/A Edu: 40 TOPS computing power Edu Plus: 100 TOPS computing power NVIDIA Jetson Orin (optional) Smart Battery Standard (8000 mAh) Standard (8000 mAh) Long endurance (15000 mAh) Battery Life 1-2 h 1-2 h 2-4 h Charger Standard (33.6 V, 3.5 A) Standard (33.6 V, 3.5 A) Fast charge (33.6 V, 9 A) Included 1x Unitree Go2 Edu Plus 1x Unitree Go2 Remote Controller 1x Unitree Go2 Battery (15000 mAh) 1x Unitree Docking station with 100 TOPS computing power Downloads Documentation iOS/Android apps GitHub

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Eine Einführung in die Schaltungssimulation LTspice wurde von Mike Engelhardt entwickelt und gehört inzwischen zu Analog Devices. Es handelt sich dabei um ein Programm zur Schaltplanerstellung – einen leistungsstarken, schnellen und kostenlosen SPICE-Simulator sowie um ein Werkzeug zur Darstellung von Kurvenverläufen. Es bietet eine umfangreiche Bauteildatenbank, die weltweit durch SPICE-Modelle unterstützt wird. Mit LTspice kann man schnell und einfach Schaltpläne erstellen. Dank der leistungsfähigen grafischen Ausgabefunktionen lassen sich Spannungen und Ströme in einer Schaltung, die Leistungsaufnahme der Bauteile und viele weitere Parameter darstellen. Ziel dieses Buches ist es, den Entwurf und die Simulation elektronischer Schaltungen mit LTspice zu vermitteln. Es behandelt unter anderem folgende Themen: DC und AC-Schaltungen Kleinsignal- und Z-Dioden Transistorschaltungen inkl. Oszillatoren Tryristor-, Diac- und Triacschaltungen Operationsverstärkerschaltungen inkl. Oszillatoren Der 555 Timer-IC Filter Spannungsregler Optokoppler Erstellung von Spannungskurven Simulation von Logikschaltungen mit der 74HC-Familie SPICE-Modellierung LTspice ist ein äußerst vielseitiges Werkzeug zur Simulation elektronischer Schaltungen mit zahlreichen Funktionen und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Eine vollständige Behandlung aller Details würde jedoch den Rahmen dieses Buches sprengen. Daher konzentriert sich das Buch auf die gängigsten Themen wie DC- und AC-Analyse, Parametersweep, Übertragungsfunktionen, Oszillatoren, Diagramme und weitere grundlegende Anwendungen. Obwohl es sich um eine Einführung handelt, deckt dieses Buch dennoch die meisten Interessensgebiete all jener ab, die sich mit der Simulation elektronischer Schaltungen beschäftigen.

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