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As demand for solar panel installation has risen sharply, especially for installations larger than balcony power plants, the order books of solar companies are full. If you ask for a quote today, you may have to wait a while, if your request isn't simply postponed indefinitely. Another consequence of the solar boom is that some companies are charging very high prices for installations. Yet there is an obvious and radical solution to the problem of excessive prices: Do it yourself, as the English say. The price of materials is currently affordable, and it's the ideal time for those who do the work themselves. They couldn't save more. Add to this the satisfaction of doing something useful, both economically and ecologically, and the pleasure of building yourself. In this special issue, you'll find a wide selection of Elektor assemblies, from solar panel controllers to solar water heaters and solar panel orientation systems. The issue also contains practical information on solar panel installation and the technology behind them. Finally, there are a number of articles on the subject of balcony power plants, from how to install them to how to connect them to the Internet... Contents BASICS Dimensioning Photovoltaic Panel ArraysAn introduction to photovoltaic energy and the commonest techniques,followed by simplified calculation models and setup guidelines. Light Sensor TechnologyMeasuring daylight using LEDs. Solar Power Made SimpleSolar charging with and without a controller. Cable Cross-sections and Energy Losses in Solar SystemsKey considerations on the minimum values to respect for electricalcurrent in solar panel cabling. Solar ModulesEverything you always wanted to know about solar panels... Ideal Diode ControllerDiode Circuits with Low Power Dissipation. TIPS Tracking for Solar Modules zBot Solar/Battery Power Supply Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator Solar Cell Voltage Regulator Solar-Powered Night Light Alternative Solar Battery Charger PROJECTS Energy LoggerMeasuring and Recording Power Consumption. Tiny Solar SupplySunlight In, 3.3 V Out. A Do-It-Yourself DTURead Data from Small Inverters by μC. Solar ChargerPortable energy for people on the move. Solar Thermal Energy RegulatorMaximum power point tracking explored. 2-amp Maximum Power Tracking ChargerSolar Power To The Max. Computer-driven HeliostatFollow the sun or the stars. Garden LightingUsing solar cells. Solar Panel Voltage Converter for IoT DevicesYes we CAN exploit indoor lighting. Travel ChargerFree power in the mountains. Solar Cell Battery Charger/MonitorWith protection against deep discharge. Solar-powered Battery ChargerPIC12C671 avoids overcharging and deep charging. Converters for Photovoltaic PanelsContributed by TME (Transfer MultisortElektronik). Solar Charging RegulatorFor panels up to 53 watts. Solar-Powered ChargerFor lead-acid batteries. CAN Bus + Arduino for Solar PV Cell MonitoringDetect and locate serviceable panels in large arrays. Balcony Power Plant 2.0The latest: solar panels, installation and inverters

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Ungefähr seit dem Jahr 2000 bieten Fahrzeuge Zugriff auf Diagnosedaten, Messwerte und erkannte Fehler, die mit preiswerten Geräten ausgelesen werden können. Die Daten helfen Ihnen nicht nur bei der Fehlersuche, sondern auch beim Gebrauchtwagenkauf oder dem reibungslosen Bestehen der nächsten Hauptuntersuchung. Die zunehmende Komplexität und Vernetzung der integrierten elektronischen Kontroll- und Steuerungssysteme im Fahrzeug erfordert vom Kfz-Mechatroniker sowie dem ambitionierten Selbstschrauber ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis der Thematik. Dieses Sachbuch bietet Ihnen eine umfassende Einführung zu den in Kraftfahrzeugen vorhandenen genormten On-Board-Diagnosemöglichkeiten (OBD II), deren Ursprünge, Stand der Entwicklung, Protokollaufbau und Anwendung. Das Buch richtet sich an eine breite Leserschaft, die selbst die Möglichkeiten nutzen will, um nicht mehr auf kostspielige Werkstattbesuche angewiesen zu sein oder sich für eine Eigenentwicklung von Diagnosesystemen und eine praxisnahe Beschreibung der Protokolle interessiert. Durch den Einsatz günstiger Diagnoseadapter (ELM 327 etc.) können Sie sich auf dem Smartphone Live-Daten anzeigen lassen und Cockpitinstrumente nachrüsten oder eigene Anwendungssoftware für verschiedene Systeme erstellen. Themenauswahl Historische Entwicklung der Diagnosemöglichkeiten und Standards Funktionsumfang von OBD II mit allen zehn Diagnosemodi und Readinesscode World Wide Harmonized OBD (WWH-OBD) und HD OBD (Heavy Duty: Nutzfahrzeuge) Anschlüsse gemäß SAE J1962, SAE J1939, SAE J1708 und DoIP (ISO 13400) Protokollaufbau nach SAE J1850, ISO 9141, ISO 14230 und CAN Übersicht gängiger Diagnoselösungen für Hobbyanwender Eigenbau von Diagnosesystemen mit Arduino und Raspberry Pi Alle Parameter Identifier (Messwerte) für OBD II Umfangreiche Liste der Fehlercodes zum Nachschlagen

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The author, Johan Basse Bergqvist, is an engineer, a musician, and an audiophile with a knack for building projects that produce the desired results. The combination of these skills leads to a uniquely valuable perspective on audio design that is routinely reflected in the book and passed on to the readers. Several design projects are provided, 40 in total. The designs are explained, and the unique features or methods he uses are described in further detail. Each design includes detailed schematics and a complete parts list. Many of the projects also include layout documentation in the form of CAD photos of the PCB layouts. The range of projects is very diverse and includes something that will appeal to everyone. Stereo amplifiers, guitar and bass amplifiers, preamplifiers for phono, and microphones are all covered. Several variants for each type are included, and the power amplifier designs range from a few watts to several hundred watts, which meet almost any power level you might tackle.

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In dit boek gebruiken we JAL (Just Another Language) om de PIC-microcontroller te programmeren in 60 oefeningen. JAL is makkelijk in gebruik en is een goede basis om programmeren in andere talen snel te leren. Na het lezen en toepassen van de voorbeelden in dit boek kan iedereen die zich hierin serieus heeft verdiept met behulp van JAL zelf de microcontroller aansturen. Je leert onder meer het programmeren van timers, analoog/digitaal omzetters, comparators, pulsbreedte regeling voor motoren en geluid, LED- en LCD-scherm aansturing, USB-connectie en communicatiemogelijkheden met computers of andere microcontrollers. Ook weet je aan het eind van het boek wat je moet doen om nu nog onbekende mogelijkheden te gaan toepassen. Met deze kennis kan iedereen van beginner tot meer gevorderde zijn creativiteit vorm geven in projecten met microcontrollers. Wil je verder met leren programmeren dan legt dit boek ook een zeer goede basis. Wie goed met JAL overweg kan en zich de gestructureerde wijze van denken heeft aangeleerd, zal de stap naar andere programmeertalen zoals Python, C++ enz. kunnen maken. Ook het programmeren van minicomputers zoals de Raspberry Pi en Arduino zijn mogelijkheden. Om te starten is geen kennis van elektronica nodig. Wie niets weet van elektronica, krijgt overal in het boek de noodzakelijke kennis aangereikt. Alle belangrijke en benodigde informatie staat in de tekst.

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. OBD2 Sensor DashboardOld Dials Sparked a Quest for Real Data OBD2: Add a Rev Counter and Gear Shift Indicator to Your CarRetro, but Super Useful LiDAR and Vision Sensors for Robotics Sensor+Test 2025 and PCIM 2025 Contact-Free E-Field Measurements (1)A Vibrating Membrane for Assessing DC Voltages or Static Electric Fields Wireless Mailbox NotifierFrom Optical Sensors to Radar, Exploring a Few Options Elektor Mini-WheelieA Self-Balancing Robot Solar CellsPeculiar Parts, the Series Getting Started With a Modern Radar SensorIs an Accurate Measurement on Your Radar? From Life’s ExperiencePaper Factory CybersecurityTough Times for Hackers Siglent Presents Next-Gen Multi-Channel OscilloscopesHigh-Performance Solutions for Modern Power and Embedded Systems Bluetooth 6.0 Brings Enhanced Distance-Ranging ApplicationsNew Version Offers Improved Device Positioning and Location Services Exploring Wireless Communication with BeagleY-AI Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Starting Out in Electronics……Concludes the Topic on Opamps A Powerful AI Code AssistantSpeed Up Your Development with Continue and Visual Studio Code Solar Charge Controller with MPPT (2)The Circuit Ultrasonic Obstacle DetectorA Simple Project to Help Those with Impaired Vision 2025: An AI OdysseyMid-Year Review Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (3)Making It Smarter and Adding a User Interface Meshtastic: A Demo ProjectAn Intelligent Mesh of LoRa Radios Analog Audio Frequency GeneratorHigh-Quality Adjustable Frequency Sine Wave Generator

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NVIDIA JETSON NANO - BILDVERARBEITUNG FÜR EINSTEIGER (TEIL 2)Erkennen von Objekten mit Edge Impulse ELEKTOR JUMPSTARTER-NEWSKommende Kampagnen OPEN-SOURCE-GPS-TRACKING-PLATTFORMFahrzeug-Tracking ohne fremde Cloud mit Traccar MULTIFUNKTIONS-KOMPONENTENTESTER LCR-T7 VON JOY-ITTesten von passiven Bauteilen, diskreten Halbleitern und IR-Fernbedienungen RAUSCH-SYNTHESIZERVom Rauschen zur Musik mit dem PRBSynth1 ALLER ANFANG …ist gar nicht schwer! Weiter geht's mit der Spule... DIE NEURONEN IN NEURONALEN NETZEN VERSTEHENTeil 2: Logische Neuronen BLITZLICHT-GESCHÜTZTER ANALOGSPEICHER-ZUSATZ FÜR DAS MANIPULATIONSSICHERE DATENPAKETProbleme mit der Sicherheit? Bekämpfen Sie Feuer mit Feuer! LCR METER POSTER BLUETOOTH-BEACONS IN DER PRAXISOrtsbestimmung in Innenräumen C-PROGRAMMIERUNG AUF RASPBERRY PIEin Beispielkapitel: Kommunizieren über WLAN EMV-VORKONFORMITÄTSTEST FÜR IHR DC-VERSORGTES PROJEKTTeil 2: Die Hardware und wie man sie benutzt PARALLAX PROPELLER 2Teil 5: Das Innenleben des Smart Pins MODBUS ÜBER WLANTeil 1: Hardware und Programmierung ZUTRITT FÜR UNBEFUGTE VERBOTENWie der Junior-Computer wieder zum Leben erweckt wurde BAUEN SIE IHREN EIGENEN HOCHPRÄZISIONSKALIBRATOR-10 V bis +10 V, 0 bis 40 mA, 0,001% ARDUINO NANO RP2040 CONNECTRaspberry Pi RP2040 + WLAN + Bluetooth DER PHYSISCHE KÖRPER DER KÜNSTLICHEN INTELLIGENZ PROJEKT 2.0Korrekturen, Updates und Leserbriefe GRAFISCHE BENUTZEROBERFLÄCHEN MIT PYTHON UND GUIZERO CO2-MESSGERÄT-SET FÜRS KLASSENZIMMEREin ESP8266-basiertes Gerät, entwickelt von der FH Aachen NOSTALGISCHES MW/LW-RADIO MIT MK484...macht immer Spaß zu bauen! 60 JAHRE ELEKTOREs werde Licht! HEXADOKUThe Original Elektorized Sudoku

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Getting started with the world’s best open-source PCB tool The latest iteration of KiCad, the world’s best free-to-use Printed Circuit Board tool, is packed with features usually found only in expensive commercial CAD tools. This modern, cross-platform application suite built around schematic and design editors, with auxiliary applications is a stable and mature PCB tool. KiCad 8 is a perfect fit for electronic engineers and makers. Here are the most significant improvements and features in KiCad 8, both over and under the hood: Modern user interface, completely redesigned from earlier versions Improved and customizable electrical and design rule checkers Theme editor allowing you to customize KiCad on your screen Ability to import projects from Eagle, CADSTART, and more Python scripting API Improved integrated SPICE circuit simulator Multi-sheet schematics Filters define selectable elements Enhanced interactive router helps you draw single tracks and differential pairs with precision New or enhanced tools to draw tracks, measure distances, tune track lengths, etc. Advanced interactive router Built-in bill of materials generator Realistic ray-tracing capable 3D viewer Customizable teardrops Plug-in manager for quick installation of themes, libraries and functionalities such as autorouters and BOM generators This book will teach you to use KiCad through a practical approach. It will help you become productive quickly and start designing your own boards. Example projects illustrate the basic features of KiCad, even if you have no prior knowledge of PCB design. The author describes the entire workflow from schematic entry to the intricacies of finalizing the files for PCB production and offers sound guidance on the process. Further full-fledged projects, of incremental difficulty, will be presented in a second book, together with a variety of advanced recipes.

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Diese Ausgabe steht allen GOLD- und GREEN-Mitgliedern auf der ElektorMagazine-Website zum Download bereit! Sie sind noch kein Mitglied? Hier klicken! Ein autonomer SensorknotenLoRa-Datenübertragung und Solar-Stromversorgung Elektor eXpansion Board v1.0Für ESP32-S3 und andere XIAO-Controller-Boards Modelleisenbahn mit KameraEinbau eines ESP32-CAM-Moduls Breitband-Magnetantenne für LangwelleMehrere Sender ohne Abstimmung TensorFlow Lite auf kleinen MikrocontrollernEin (sehr) einsteigerfreundlicher Blickwinkel Ein Hub für RS-422 und RS-485Verdrahten Sie Ihre Geräte wie einen Stern HF-SondeMit LED-Balkenanzeige Aller Anfang...muss nicht schwer sein: mehr Verstärkerschaltungen MultiLayer-SegmentierungEin neuer Ansatz für adressierbare LED-Streifen Open VarioOpen-Source Multifunktions-Variometer für Gleitschirmflieger Aus dem Leben gegriffenÜber die Selbstverständlichkeit der Dinge KI-gestützter WasserzählerTeil 2: Firmware-Installation, Anwendung und Montage Intelligente LandwirtschaftML-basierte Schädlingserkennung mit IoT-Vernetzung Warum Anybus CompactCom die ideale Wahl für die industrielle Embedded-Kommunikation ist Kommunikationsstandard IQRFZuverlässigkeit für verlustbehaftete drahtlose Mesh-Netzwerke mit niedriger Rate Bau eines intelligenten AgrarrobotersWelche wesentlichen technischen Überlegungen und Herausforderungen müssen Entwickler von Agrarrobotern berücksichtigen? Audio-Notchfilter mit einstellbarer FrequenzUniverselle Lösung zur Unterdrückung von Frequenzen im Audiobereich Das System LeoINAGPSNützliche Einblicke in Ihr Elektrofahrzeug Solarbetriebener LoRa-KnotenEine modulare, kompakte und vielseitige IoT-Lösung AWS für Arduino und Co.Teil 2: Daten senden mit AWS-IoT-ExpressLink Projekt 2.0Korrekturen, Updates und Leserbriefe 2024: Eine Odyssee in die KIBeschleuniger: Desktop vs. Embedded, ein Blick auf einige Optionen ESP32-ReichweitenverlängererEine einfache Antennenmodifikation

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A Hands-on Guide to Crafting Your Own Power Plant The book you are about to read provides a step-by-step guide for building a renewable energy power plant at home. Our goal was to make the book as practical as possible. The material is intended for immediate application with a small amount of theory. Yet, the theory is important as a foundation that saves time and effort by disabusing the readers of potential misconceptions. Specifically, upon having a firm understanding of photovoltaic physics, you will not be inclined to fruitlessly search for 90% efficient solar panels! We want our readers to be the “doers”. If the book gets covered in grime and some pages become torn while you are building your power plant – this is the best compliment to us. The book covers solar and wind energy. Also, a curious power source based on manure is discussed as well, giving the doers an opportunity to further develop the manure fuel cell. It is important to note that there are many companies offering installation of complete solar solutions. Upon installing the panels, the system is not owned by the customer. Therefore, there is no freedom for experimentation and optimization. Also, none can beat the cost of a DIY solution as well as the ultimate satisfaction. All that is written here is a result of us building a renewable energy solution in Southern California. As the book was completed, the energy began flowing!

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The Andonstar AD409 Max-ES boosts a high-quality metal lens and a unique UV filter design. Crafted from top-tier industrial-grade materials, it delivers unmatched precision and durability, ensuring a reliable product experience. The UV filter positioned in front of the metal lens blocks soldering heat, smoke, and dust, safeguarding the lens and making it perfect for soldering and maintenance professionals. The AD409 Max-ES features an oversized Max station (46 x 37 x 47.5 cm) and an advanced tool set, expanding the soldering station area by 370%. This upgrade meets the demands of professional soldering tasks and provides ample workspace for larger projects. The easy-to-use tool holder keeps tools within reach, ensuring they are always accessible. Additionally, the soldering helping hands with rotatable clamps simplify soldering and repair tasks, enhancing efficiency and convenience. The endoscope offers an all-around 360° view. This allows for clear observation of components from all sides and inside pipes, eliminating blind spots and ensuring thorough inspections. Features High-quality Metal Lens and Unique UV Filter Design New Max station Easy-to-use Tool Holder and Soldering Helping Hands Microscope with Endoscope All-around View 360° Professional HDMI Digital Microscope supports Multiple Output Methods 8 Levels adjustable LEDs Convenient Wireless Remote Control Specifications Screen size 10.1 inch (1280x800) Image sensor 4 MP Video output UHD 2880x2160 (24fps)FHD 1920x1080 (60fps/30fps)HD 1280x720 (120fps) Video format MP4 Magnification Up to 300 times (27 inch HDMI monitor) Photo resolution Max. 24 MP (5600x4200) Photo format JPG Focus range Min. 5 cm Frame Rate Max. 120fps Video interface HDMI Storage microSD card (up to 64 GB) PC support Windows, PC software with measurement Mobile phone, tablet terminal support Support WiFi connection and measurement Power source 5 V DC Light source 2 LEDs with the stand Endoscope Yes Stand size 46 x 37 x 47.5 cm (18.1 x 14.6 x 18.7") Included 1x Andonstar AD409 Max-ES Digital Microscope 1x Endoscope 1x Stand with 2 LEDs 1x UV filter (already assembled in the lens) 1x Soldering mat 1x Beam 1x Column 1x Tool holder 1x Soldering Helping Hands 1x Power adapter 1x Power cable 1x HDMI cable 1x USB cable 1x IR remote 1x Manual Downloads Manual Software

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Practical Projects in Analog, Audio and Beyond Discover a remarkable collection of more than 450 electronics projects published in Elektor Magazine and carefully selected by renowned Elektor Lab engineer Ton Giesberts. The USB drive brings together a wide variety of circuits, designs, and practical project ideas created by numerous Elektor authors and engineers over the years. Covering a broad range of electronics topics, this extensive archive is a valuable source of knowledge and inspiration for engineers, makers, students, and electronics enthusiasts. More than 450 selected Elektor projects Carefully compiled by Elektor engineer Ton Giesberts Ideal for building, experimenting, and discovering new ideas Explore decades of Elektor expertise in one comprehensive project collection. Highlights Q-Watt Audio Power Fortissimo-100 High-End Amplifier Buffer Board for the Raspberry Pi 400 USB-to-Multi-Protocol Serial Converter DDS Function Generator AC/DC Power Meter Charge-a-Phone Specifications Storage 8 GB Connectors 1x USB-A1x USB-C System requirements PC with Adobe Reader 7.0 or higher Web browser

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The FNIRSI GC-03 is a multifunctional radiation detector designed for professional nuclear radiation measurement in everyday environments such as the home, office, car, and outdoors. Equipped with a 2.4-inch high-definition color display, it provides real-time monitoring of nuclear radiation as well as electric and magnetic field strength. For added safety, the device features three alarm modes: audible alert, vibration, and visual light warning. Features 3-in-1 Detection: Monitors electric, magnetic, and nuclear radiation with one device. High-Precision GM Tube: Accurately detects gamma, X-rays, and hard beta radiation with low power consumption. Real-Time Curve + 50 Alarm Records: Tracks radiation trends and stores alarm history for easy review. Custom Triple Alarms: Supports visual, audible, and vibration alerts with adjustable thresholds. Long Battery Life: 1500 mAh battery for extended and reliable field use. Specifications Nuclear Radiation Range: 0.01μSv/h-999.99μSv/h Accuracy: 0.01μSv/h Electric Field Range: 1V/m-1999V/m Accuracy: 1V/m Magnetic Field Range: 0.01μT-99.99μT Accuracy: 0.01μT Radiation Power 0.2-1000mW/m² Detection Radiation Type Ionizing radiation (gamma rays, etc.) Detector Energy compensation GM tube (Geiger counter tube) Dose Current Rate 0.00-10000μSv/h (10mSv/h) Cumulative Dose Equivalent 0.00μSv-500.0mSv Energy Range 48keV-1.5MeV ≤ ±30% (for 137Cs-) Sensitivity 80CPM/μSv Dose Unit μSv/h, uGy/h, mR/h, CPS, CPM Alarm Mode Light, vibration, sound Display 2.4-inch color screen Backlight Brightness Adjustable Power Supply USB-C (5 V/1 A) Battery 1500 mAh Languages English, Chinese Dimensions 138 x 63 x 32 mm Weight 141 g Included 1x FNIRSI GC-03 Radiation Detector 1x USB cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware v1.0.4

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