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The Siglent SSA3032X Plus spectrum analyzer is a powerful and flexible tool for RF signal and network analysis. With a frequency range of 3.2 GHz, the analyzer delivers reliable automatic measurements and multiple modes of operation: spectrum analyzer the base, optional functions include RF power measurement, vector signal modulation analysis, reflection measurement, and EMI test. Applications include broadcast monitoring/evaluation, site surveying, S-parameter measurement, analog/digital modulation analysis, EMI pre-compliance test, research and development, education, production, and maintenance. Features Spectrum Analyzer Frequency Range from 9 kHz to 3.2 GHz –161 dBm/Hz Displayed Average Noise Level (Typ.) –98 dBc/Hz. @ 10 kHz Offset Phase Noise (1 GHz, Typ.) Level Measurement Uncertainty <0.7 dB (Typ.) 1 Hz Minimum Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) Preamplifier (Std.) Tracking Generator (incl. free of charge) Analog and Digital Signal Modulation Analysis Mode (opt.) Reflection Measurement Kit (opt.) EMI Filter and Quasi-Peak Detector Kit (opt.) Advanced Measurement Kit (opt.) 10.1-inch Multi-Touch Screen , Mouse and Keyboard supported Web Browser Remote Control on PC and Mobile Terminals and File Operation Specifications SSA3015X Plus SSA3021X Plus SSA3032X Plus SSA3075X Plus Frequency Range 9 kHz ~ 1.5 GHz 9 kHz ~ 2.1 GHz 9 kHz ~ 3.2 GHz 9 kHz ~ 7.5 GHz Resolution Bandwidth 1 Hz ~ 1 MHz 1 Hz ~ 1 MHz 1 Hz ~ 1 MHz 1 Hz ~ 3 MHz Phase Noise <–99 dBc/Hz <–98 dBc/Hz <–98 dBc/Hz <–98 dBc/Hz Total Amplitude Accuracy <1.2 dB <0.7 dB <0.7 dB <0.7 dB Display Average Noise Level –156 dBm/Hz –161 dBm/Hz –161 dBm/Hz –165 dBm/Hz Included Siglent SSA3032X Plus spectrum analyzer USB cable Power cord Quick start guide Downloads Datasheet Manual Documentation Firmware

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Analogue Electronics and Microcontrollers Projects Hobbyist electronics can be a fun way to learn new skills that can be helpful to your career. Those who understand the basics of electronics can design their own circuits and projects. However, before you run, you need to learn to walk. It all starts with analogue electronics. You should be familiar with the simple components and circuits and understand their basic behaviors and the issues you may encounter. The best way to do this is through real experiments. Theory alone is not enough. This book offers a large number of practical entry-level circuits, with which everyone can gain the basic experience. Through the widespread introduction of microcontrollers, a new chapter in electronics has begun. Microcontrollers are now performing more and more tasks that were originally solved using discrete components and conventional ICs. Starting out has become easier and easier thanks to platforms including Bascom, Arduino, micro:bit. The book introduces numerous manageable microcontroller applications. It?s now a case of less soldering and more programming.

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Diese Ausgabe steht allen GOLD- und GREEN-Mitgliedern auf der ElektorMagazine-Website zum Download bereit! Sie sind noch kein Mitglied? Hier klicken! CaptureCountEin Objektdetektor und -zähler auf dem Raspberry Pi 5 Spannungsreferenz mit Arduino Pro MiniLinearisieren und kalibrieren Sie analoge Eingänge FPGAs für EinsteigerDer Weg vom Mikrocontroller zur FPGA-Programmierung Update: STM32 Wireless Innovation Design Contest 2024 Bluetooth LE mit MAUISteuer-Apps für Android und Co. Breakout-Board für Port-ErweiterungMehr I/Os für Ihr Entwicklungssystem AI-SpezialistMachine Learning mit dem Jetson Nano 2024: Eine Odyssee in die KIErste Gehversuche mit TensorFlow 262.144 Wege, das Spiel des Lebens zu spielenEin Leserprojekt in Kürze Aus dem Leben gegriffenDer Chinesische Drache Bringen Sie Ihren DC-Bürstenmotor zum Laufen!Beispielprojekte aus dem Motor Control Development Bundle von Elektor ESP32-RS232-AdapterWireless-Anbindung klassischer Messgeräte Aller Anfang......muss nicht schwer sein: Mehr über Operationsverstärker Empfehlungen für ESP-Bibliotheken Piezoelektrische BauelementeBemerkenswerte Bauteile Ein intelligenter ObjektzählerBilderkennung leicht gemacht mit Edge Impulse Meistern Sie die kniffligsten Probleme Ihrer Embedded-Entwicklungen! ESP32-TerminalEin Handheld-Gerät mit Touch-Display Erste Schritte mit dem Zephyr RTOSSehr leistungsfähig, aber schwer zu beherrschen Preisgekrönte EthikEin Gespräch mit CTO Alexander Gerfer von Würth Elektronik eiSos über die Ermöglichung von Innovation und achtsames Verhalten Projekt 2.0Korrekturen, Updates und Leserbriefe

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Mastering Surface Mount Technology takes you on a crash course in techniques, tips and know-how to successfully introduce surface mount technology in your workflow. Even if you are on a budget you too can jumpstart your designs with advanced fine pitch parts. Besides explaining methodology and equipment, attention is given to SMT parts technologies and soldering methods. In a step by step way, several projects introduce you to handling surface mount parts and the required skills to successfully build SMT assemblies. Many practical tips and tricks are disclosed that bring surface mount technology into everyone's reach without breaking the bank.

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. What to expect This Elektor edition guest-edited by Edge Impulse explores the edge AI workflow, from data collection and model training to deployment and optimization: End-to-End Edge AIA hands-on object detection series that walks through the complete machine learning pipeline on embedded hardware. High-Resolution, High-Speed Object Counting (Nvidia Jetson Nano, TensorRT)Pushing inference speed and precision for visual counting applications. PCB Defect Detection with Computer Vision (Raspberry Pi)Smarter manufacturing through embedded vision. Smart Building Ventilation with Sensor FusionAI-powered environmental optimization for energy efficiency. Analog Meter Reading (Arduino Nicla Vision)A TinyML approach to automating analog infrastructure. Smart Appliance Control Using Voice Commands (Nordic Thingy:53)Speech recognition at the edge. Liquid Classification with TinyML (Seeed Wio Terminal + TDS Sensor)Combining IoT sensing and embedded ML for fluid analysis. Surgery Inventory Object DetectionApplying real-time vision to healthcare logistics. Plus, the magazine includes exclusive interviews with: Edge Impulse co-founders Zach Shelby and Jan Jongboom; Qualcomm Technologies VP of product management Manny Singh; and EDGE AI FOUNDATION CEO Pete Bernard. Also included are a Tech the Future essay titled "AI at the Edge: Powering the Next Generation of Devices," an Industry Case Study on GlobalSense, and more. Contents What the Heck Is Edge AI Anyway?Bringing Intelligence to the Device Meet Edge Impulse StudioEasily Build and Deploy Edge AI Models Keyword Spotting with Edge ImpulseCollect, Train, and Deploy Smart Appliance Control Using Voice Commands with the Nordic Thingy:53 Key Terms for Understanding Edge AI and Machine Learning Crash Course: Getting Started with Edge ImpulseLearn to Collect, Train, and Deploy an ML Model with the Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense A New Chapter for ArduinoFrom Hobby Board to Edge Computing Powerhouse Getting Started with Object Detection on Edge Devices PCB Defect DetectionComputer Vision with Raspberry Pi Scaling AI to the Smallest Devices Optimizing Power Efficiency in Battery-Driven Edge AI Devices AI ToasterWhen Edge AI Meets Breakfast Thundercomm Rubik Pi 3Raspberry Pi Familiarity Meets Edge AI Leadership, Embedded ML, and the Edge Revolution Vision Language Models for the EdgeCascading Models for Better Reliability Get to Know Edge ImpulseQuestions from the Elektor Community Project Update #5: ESP32-Based Energy MeterUsing Edge AI to Recognize Household Loads Motion Recognition with Anomaly DetectionAn End-to-End Tutorial Smart Ventilation System: Fusing Sound and Environmental DataA Dual-MCU Machine Learning Approach for Automated Window and Louver Control Bringing Voice Control to Earbuds and Headsets AI at the Edge: Powering the Next Generation of Devices

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The newcomer to Microchip’s PIC microcontrollers invariably gets an LED to flash as their first attempt to master this technology. You can use just a simple LED indicator in order to show that your initial attempt is working, which will give you confidence to move forward. This is how the book begins — simple programs to flash LEDs, and eventually by stages to use other display indicators such as the 7-segment display, alphanumeric liquid crystal displays and eventually a colour graphic LCD. As the reader progresses through the book, bigger and upgraded PIC chips are introduced, with full circuit diagrams and source code, both in assembler and C. In addition, a small tutorial is included using the MPLAB programming environment, together with the EAGLE schematic and PCB design package to enable readers to create their own designs using the book’s many case studies as working examples to work from.

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RFID technology has conquered many areas in which barcodes, magnetic strips and contact smartcards were used previously. Everyday applications, such as electronic ticketing, access cards, debit cards and electronic identity documents would not be possible without this technology. MIFARE is the most widely used RFID technology, and this book provides a practical and comprehensive introduction to it. Among other things, the initial chapters cover physical fundamentals, relevant standards, RFID antenna design, security considerations and cryptography. The complete design of a reader’s hardware and software is described in detail. The reader’s firmware and the associated PC software support programming using any .NET language. The specially developed PC program, “Smart Card Magic.NET”, is a simple development environment that supports sending commands to a card at the click of a mouse, as well as the ability to create C# scripts. Alternatively, one may follow all of the examples using Visual Studio 2010 Express Edition. Finally, the major smart card reader API standards are introduced. The focus is on programming contactless smartcards using standard PC/SC readers using C/C++, Java and C#.

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. The RISC-V Open-Source Processor Architecture16 Boards and MCUs You Should Know An FPGA-Based Audio Player with Equalizer (1)Mixing Digital Audio with an Arduino MKR Vidor 4000 Laser Head for Pico-Based Sand ClockDrawing with Light Enter the STM32 Edge AI Contest A Multi-Sensor Environmental Monitoring System for PlantsWireless Measurement of Water Supply and Light Conditions Maixduino AI-Powered Automatic DoormanFace Detection with a Camera Embedded Electronics 2024AI Is Set to Redefine the Industry Charge-Based In-Memory Compute at EnCharge AI AI Inferencing at 10 Times Lower Power and 20 Fold Lower Cost Click Board Helps Develop and Train ML Models for Vibration Analysis The Elektor Mini-WheelieA Self-Balancing Robot Kit MCU, I See YouMCUViewer Open-Source Multiplatform Debugging Tool USB 2.0 IsolatorElectrically Isolated Connections for USB Devices Intervention Before DamagePredictive Maintenance in Practice SPoE – Electromagnetic CompatibilitySingle-Pair with Power-Over-Ethernet Through the Eyes of EMC Color TV: A Wonder of Its TimeCreating a New World ECG Graph MonitoringAn Implementation with Hexabitz Modules and an STM32CubeMonitor The Battle for AI at the Edge HaLow Hits Record 16-km Wi-Fi Distance at 900 MHz First CHERI RISC-V Embedded Chip and Early Access Programme Third-Generation Wildfire Detection Uses Satellite Links From Life’s ExperienceChoice Overload Starting Out in Electronics……Continues Filtering and Controls Tone Quasi-Analog ClockworkA Remake of an Elektor Classic A Modular Approach to Sensor TestingThe ESP32-S3-Based Sensor Evaluation Board 2025: An AI OdysseyThe Rise of Foundation Models and Their Role in Democratizing AI Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (1)Preparing a Platform for Some Edge AI Experiments Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Universal AI RISC-V Processor Does It All — CPU, GPU, DSP, FPGA CEO Interview: Ventiva’s Thin and Cool Tech Dual-Core Programming with a Raspberry Pi PicoVenture Into the World of Parallel Programming

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Datenbankmodelle und -software für Elektronikanwendungen Mit seiner Energieeffizienz und seinem reichen Spektrum an quelloffener Software eignet sich der Einplatinencomputer Raspberry Pi auch für die Speicherung von Daten und deren grafische Aufbereitung lokal oder im World Wide Web (WWW). Dieses Buch stellt verschiedene Datenbankmodelle und diverse Datenbanksoftware vor: SQL: MariaDB, SQLite InfluxDB: Telegraf Grafana MQTT Verschlüsselung mit RPi Apache PHP Node RED Docker Es zeigt darüber hinaus ausgewählte Ansätze, gespeicherte Daten anzuzeigen und zu verwalten. Ein eigener Abschnitt ist sowohl der SSL-Verschlüsselung der Verbindung als auch dem Betrieb von Servern im WWW gewidmet. Das Buch richtet sich an alle, die neugierig sind und gerne die Möglichkeiten des Raspberry Pi ausloten möchten, die einen Einstieg in das Datenmanagement mit Datenbanken suchen, die mit einfachen Mitteln schnell loslegen möchten, die Alternativen aufgezeigt bekommen möchten, die in komprimierter Form Tipps für eigene Entwicklungen suchen, die Freude am eigenen Entwickeln und Realisieren haben. Programmierkenntnisse und -erfahrungen sind für die Installation der Software nicht erforderlich. Jeder einzelne Schritt wird detailliert beschrieben und mit Screenshots visuell unterlegt.

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The SDRplay RSPdx-R2 is a wideband full featured single-tuner 14-bit SDR receiver which covers the entire RF spectrum from 1 kHz to 2 GHz giving up to 10 MHz of spectrum visibility. It contains three antenna ports, two of which use SMA connectors and operate across the full 1 kHz to 2 GHz range and the third uses a BNC connector which operates up to 200 MHz. The RSPdx-R2 is an enhanced version of the RSPdx with further design improvements for use at frequencies below 2 MHz. Housed in a strong steel case, in addition to the functionality of the RSP1B, the RSPdx-R2 provides three software selectable antenna inputs and an external clock input. It offers excellent performance through HF and VHF frequencies all the way up to 2 GHz. The RSPdx-R2 also supports an "HDR mode" optimised for the demanding radio reception conditions below 2 MHz. The RSPdx-R2, when used in conjunction with SDRplay’s own software, introduces a special HDR (High Dynamic Range) mode for reception within selected bands below 2 MHz. HDR mode delivers improved intermodulation performance and fewer spurious responses for those challenging bands. Features Covers all frequencies from 1 kHz through VLF, LF, MW, HF, VHF, UHF and L-band to 2 GHz, with no gaps Receive, monitor and record up to 10 MHz of spectrum at a time Significantly improved noise performance below 1 MHz (i.e. for some MF, LF and below) Improved dynamic range below 2 MHz both in tuner mode and HDR mode HDR mode below 2 MHz giving overall dynamic range and selectivity advantages Software selectable choice of 3 antenna ports External clock input for synchronisation purposes, or connection to GPS reference clock for extra frequency accuracy Excellent dynamic range for challenging reception conditions Free use of Windows-based SDRuno software (check website for versions supported) Free use of SDRconnect SDR and server software for Windows, MacOS and Linux (Check website for versions supported) Multiplatform driver and API support including Windows, Linux, Mac and Raspberry Pi 4/5 Strong and growing software support network Calibrated S meter/RF power and SNR measurement with SDRuno (including datalogging to .CSV file capability) Documented API provided to allow demodulator or application development on multiple platforms Applications (Amateur) Shortwave radio listening Broadcast DXing (AM/FM/TV) Panadaptor Aircraft (ADS-B and ATC) Slow Scan TV Multi-amateur band monitoring WSPR & digital modes Weather fax (HF and satellite) Satellite monitoring Geostationary environmental satellites Trunked radio Utility and emergency service monitoring Fast and effective antenna comparison Applications (Industrial) Spectrum Analyser Surveillance Wireless microphone monitoring RF surveying IoT receiver chain Signal logging RFI/EMC detection Broadcast integrity monitoring Spectrum monitoring Power measurement Applications (Educational/Scientific) Teaching Receiver design Radio astronomy Passive radar Ionosonde Spectrum analyser Receiver for IoT sensor projects Antenna research Specifications Frequency Range 1 kHz – 2 GHz Antenna Connector SMA Antenna Impedance 50 Ohms Current Consumption (Typical) 190 mA @ >60 MHz (excl. Bias-T)120 mA @ <60 MHz (excl. Bias-T) USB Connector USB-B Maximum Input Power +0 dBm Continuous+10 dBm Short Duration ADC Sample Rates 2-10.66 MSPS ADC Number of Bits 14 bit 2-6.048 MSPS12 bit 6.048-8.064 MSPS10 bit 8.064-9.216 MSPS8 bit >9.216 MSPS Bias-T 4.7 V100 mA guaranteed Reference 0.5ppm 24 MHz TCXOFrequency error trimmable to 0.01ppm in field Operating Temperature −10˚C to +60˚C Dimensions 113 x 94 x 35 mm Weight 315 g Downloads Datasheet Software RSPdx-R2 vs RSPduo RSPdx-R2 RSPduo Continuous coverage from 1 kHz to 2 GHz ✓ ✓ Up to 10 MHz visible bandwidth ✓ ✓ 14-bit ADC silicon technology plus multiple high-performance input filters ✓ ✓ Software selectable AM/FM & DAB broadcast band notch filters ✓ ✓ 4.7 V Bias-T for powering external remote antenna amplifier ✓ ✓ Powers over the USB cable with a simple type B socket ✓ ✓ 50Ω SMA antenna input(s) for 1 kHz to 2 GHz operation (software selectable) 2 2 Additional software selectable Hi-Z input for up to 30 Mhz operation ✓ Additional software selectable 50Ω BNC input for up to 200 MHz operation ✓ Additional LF/VLF filter for below 500 kHz ✓ 24 MHz reference clock input (+ output on RSPduo) ✓ ✓ Dual tuners enabling reception on 2 totally independent 2 MHz ranges ✓ Dual tuners enabling diversity reception using SDRuno ✓ Rugged black painted steel case ✓ ✓ Overall performance below 2 MHz for MW and LF ++ + Multiple simultaneous applications + ++ Performance in challenging fading conditions (*using diversity tuning) + *++

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Over 50 Circuits & Projects US-Style Siren Two Rotary Encoders on One Analog Input How to Build a Digital 220-V AC Dimmer with Arduino Current Source for LEDs Detect Four Switches with 1 Pin Tiny On/Off Switch with Battery Level Check DIY Hand Sanitizer Dispenser A Simple Electronic Organ Ultra-Simple Stereo Amplifier Sound Activated Switch for Amplifiers Balanced/Unbalanced Converter External Mains Filter Button-Free Door Control DI Box for a Smartphone Fun With Running Lights One-Button Thyristor Control Quasi-Analog Exposure Timer for the Dark Room Circuits Galore From the Hackster.io Community Analog Tanning Timer Yet Another Single-Wire LCD Interface Simple AVR ATtiny13-Based PWM Generator Second Life for Batteries Touch Switch for LED Lights Tester for LEDs and DIP Switches Go/No-Go IR Control Tester Power Semiconductor Tester SPI for WS2812(B) LEDs Measuring Power Inductors One Plug for Raspberry Pi and Audio DAC DIY Test Fixture for the LCR Meter Arduino Ammeter Two-Finger Organ Low Noise ADC Calibrator DC/DC Boost Converter Two Potentiometers on One Digital Input Acoustic Proximity Sensor Battery-Free Radiator Sensor A Circuit for Detecting Bugs and Wireless Cameras Car Interior Light Timer Candle Simulator Digital Kitchen Timer Milliohm Meter Hot Water Production Delay Timer Simple Charger for 2S 18650 Cells Tiny Frequency Reference Low-Power IR Switch Recycle Your Car’s Telephone Charger Microphone Pre-Amp for Arduino DIY EMI Filters Electronic Dice Without an MCU Finger Capacitor A Self-Charging LED Flasher Also in this edition KiCad 6 – Five Features to Consider Flashback – The Elektor SC/MP Computer Interview – Making Art with Electricity My First PCB – Going Head First Into KiCad Minimizing Hardware with Smart Software Infographics – Facts and Figures New Devices from Analog Flashback – The Elektor Metal Detector Hexadoku – The Original Elektorized Sudoku

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. DIY Solar Energy StorageBuild Your Own Energy Store for a PV Solar Array Solar Module SimulatorA Solution for Testing and Optimizing MPP Trackers and Inverters The STM32 Edge AI ContestExplore the new STM32N6 and Compete for a Share of €5,000 in Prizes! Widening the BandgapWhy There Is So Much Interest in SiC and GaN Notebook Power BankExtend the Life of Your Aged Laptop Medical RobotsOvercoming Technical and Regulatory Hurdles Frost Guard for Fruit Plants With Temperature Data Logger The Analog ThingThe Arduino of Analog Computing? Energy Saving Relay DriverSaves 90% of Relay Drive Power Improving the ET5410A+ DC loadKeep Cool and Be Quiet, Please electronica 2024 in Review Electromagnetic CompatibilityEMC in a Nutshell! Starting Out in Electronics……Filters Actively Reducing Power Dissipation With Dropping CapacitorsA Clever Use of Capacitive Reactance The Affordable MCP4725 12-Bit Digital-to-Analog ConverterAn EEPROM Feature Enables Safe Switch-On Behavior Fnirsi LCR-ST1 Smart LCR SMD Tweezers Raspberry Pi-Based Private Test & Measurement LabFirst Things First: The ADC Electronic Load ResistorAn Out-of-the-Box Project 2025: An AI OdysseySome Projects to See in the New Year AmpVolt v2.0 Project Update100 Amps and Beyond! Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters Unveiling Ethical TransparencyInsights from Ethics in Electronics’s 2024 Survey Elektor Audio DSP FX Processor Board (2)Creating Applications

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