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De schrijver laat niet alleen beginners maar ook gevorderden op professionele wijze en met verstand van zaken kennismaken met dit uiterst interessant onderwerp. Ook hobbyisten of professionals die hun kennis willen verdiepen of uitbreiden, krijgen daartoe in dit boek volop mogelijkheid. De moderne state-of-the-art AVR-processoren van Atmel vormen in combinatie met programmering in C een platform dat gedurende lange tijd actueel zal blijven. Na een inleiding en een kennismaking met de vereiste ontwikkelomgeving komen projecten aan bod die stap voor stap naar het gewenste doel leiden. Voor de meeste projecten wordt het Mini-Megaboard gebruikt – een experimenteerprint die oorspronkelijk in het maandblad Elektor is beschreven. Dit garandeert dat de beschreven projecten probleemloos kunnen worden nagebouwd. Maar natuurlijk kunnen ook eigen experimenteerprinten worden gebruikt – een van de doelstellingen van dit boek is immers dat de lezer uiteindelijk zelfstandig eigen schakelingen kan ontwerpen en bouwen. Een greep uit de inhoud: De juiste microcontroller De ontwikkelomgeving De eerste experimenten met de ?C Het Mini-Mega-board Beginselen van I/O Vloeibaar-kristal-displays Seriële data-overdracht Analoge in- en uitvoer Programmasturing met interrupts Timers en counters Geheugenoperaties De seriële I²C-bus en SPI Voorbeeldprojecten

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Schrittweise Einführung in das praktische Schaltungsdesign Der Einstieg in die Elektronik ist nicht so schwierig, wie man vielleicht denkt. Mit diesem Buch werden die wichtigsten Konzepte der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik auf spielerische Weise erkundet, indem verschiedene Experimente durchgeführt und Schaltungen simuliert werden. Es vermittelt Elektronik praxisnah, ohne in komplexen Fachjargon oder lange Berechnungen einzutauchen. Dadurch werden schon bald eigene Projekte ermöglicht. Es sind keine Vorkenntnisse in Elektronik erforderlich; lediglich einige grundlegende Algebra-Kenntnisse werden in wenigen einfachen Berechnungen verwendet. Viele getestete und funktionierende Projekte und Simulationen werden vorgestellt, um mit dem Aufbau elektronischer Schaltungen vertraut zu werden. Für problemloses Experimentieren – ohne die Gefahr, etwas zu beschädigen – werden zudem frühzeitig auch softwarebasierte Schaltungssimulationen vorgestellt. Lernziele: Konzepte von Spannung, Strom und Leistung Wechselstrom (AC) und Gleichstrom (DC) Grundlegende Lampenschaltungen mit Schaltern Passive Bauteile: Widerstände, Kondensatoren und Induktivitäten RC- und RCL-Schaltungen und Elektromagnetismus Lautsprecher, Relais, Summer und Transformatoren Aktive Bauteile: Dioden und LEDs, Bipolartransistoren und MOSFETs Transistorbasierte Schaltungen Optokoppler-Schaltungen Astabile und monostabile Multivibratoren Verwendung des 555-Timer-ICs Operationsverstärkertechnik Digitale Logik Beispiele: Verstärker, Oszillatoren, Filter und Sensoren Test- und Messwerkzeuge Mikrocontroller: Arduino Uno, ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico und Raspberry Pi Datenblätter lesen und Auswahl von Komponenten EMV & EMI sowie Normen & Vorschriften

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Mastering PCB design with real-world projects This book builts on KiCad Like a Pro – Fundamentals and Projects and aims to help you practice your new KiCad skills by challenging you in a series of real-world projects. The projects are supported by a comprehensive set of recipes with detailed instructions on how to achieve a variety of simple and complex tasks. Design the PCBs for a solar power supply, an LED matrix array, an Arduino-powered datalogger, and a custom ESP32 board. Understand the finer details of the interactive router, how to manage KiCad project teams with Git, how to use an autorouter on 2 and 4-layer PCBs, and much more. KiCad 8 is a modern, cross-platform application suite built around schematic and design editors. This stable and mature PCB tool is a perfect fit for electronic engineers and makers. With KiCad 8, you can create PCBs of any complexity and size without the constraints associated with the commercial packages. Here are the most significant improvements and features in KiCad 8, both over and under the hood: Modern user interface, completely redesigned from earlier versions Improved and customizable electrical and design rule checkers Theme editor allowing you to fully customize the look of KiCad on your screen Ability to import projects from Eagle, CADSTART, and more An improved and tightly integrated SPICE circuit simulator Autorouting with the Freerouting plugin Filters define which elements of a layout are selectable Enhanced interactive router helps you draw single tracks and differential pairs with precision New or enhanced tools to draw tracks, measure distances, tune track lengths, etc. Enhanced tool for creating filled zones A customizable coordinate system facilitates data exchange with other CAD applications Realistic ray-tracing capable 3D viewer Differential pair routing Rich repositories of symbol, footprint, and 3D shape libraries Python scripting API for programmatic customization and extensions Improved footprint wizard for fast custom footprints

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Le téléchargement intégral de ce numéro est disponible pour nos membres GOLD et GREEN sur le site Elektor Magazine ! Pas encore membre ? Cliquez ici. Cloc 2.0le réveil-matin de vos rêves PIO du RP2040 en pratiqueexpérimentation des E/S programmables du RP2040 Poor Man's ChipTweakerNous avons des moyens (abordables) de vous faire parler générateur de nombres réellement aléatoires avec interface USBdeux PICs pour le prix d?un AVR vitamines audio pour micro ramolloComment gonfler soi-même le niveau de sortie d'un microphone FFT avec MaixduinoAcquisition de spectres de fréquences sur le vifsans raison apparente pilote de moteurs pas à pas UCN5804drôle de composant, la série simulation de circuit avec Micro-Cappremiers pas dans un monde compliqué PAUL Award 2022les jeunes talents de la technologie et leurs solutions créatives ma première radio définie par logicielréalisée en moins de 15 minutes la documentation des microcontrôleurs sans peine (1)la structure d?une fiche technique quel avenir pour l'IA et les systèmes embarqués ?outils, plateformes et remplacement des rédacteurs numériser une ferme verticale Infographie : l?embarqué et l?IA d?aujourd?hui et demain Présentation du TinyML Casestudy KwickPOS Hautes performances pour tousNormes Computer-on-Module démarrer en électroniquecomposants actifs communication I²C avec Node.js et Raspberry Piaffichez les données de vos capteurs dans un navigateur sortie vidéo sur les microcontrôleurs (2)sortie VGA et DVI le système d'exploitation temps réel Metronomun RTOS pour processeurs AVR DVI sur le RP2040Entretien avec Luke Wren, développeur de composants chez Raspberry Pi L?afficheur HAT Miniaffichez les prévisions météo sur Raspberry Pi ! WEEF 2022 Awards : célébrez les bonnes choses Hexadoku

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A Toolbox for Audio Lovers and Engineers Without any ambition to reach scientific levels, this book aims to be a toolbox for both audio lovers and high-end equipment designers. The elementary theory presented is the bare minimum for readers to grasp the operation and practical use of electrical, electromagnetic, physics, and electronic operations available in the designers’ toolbox. Each tool is explained in a minimum of words and theory without needless coverage of underlying equations or figures. The book chapters guide you through the process of designing quality amplifiers with vacuum tubes, from the very beginning, considering both technical and subjective requirements – in theory and practice. The book is a compilation of the author’s notes used in his professional and educational career but was nevertheless primarily written as a result of true love for the audiophile hobby.

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Temporary Delay in the Delivery of Unitree Robots Like many other suppliers, we are currently experiencing delays in the delivery of Unitree robots. A shipment from our supplier is currently held in customs, which has unfortunately led to later-than-planned deliveries for previously placed orders. We are actively working with our supplier to resolve this issue and expect more clarity soon, but at this time, we cannot provide any guarantees. Additionally, a new shipment is already on its way, though it will take some time to arrive. Since other suppliers are facing similar challenges, switching to a different provider is unlikely to result in a faster solution. Our top priority remains fulfilling existing orders. If you have any questions or would like to update your order, please do not hesitate to contact our customer service team. We will keep you informed of any further developments. Unitree Go2 series consists of quadruped robots for the research & development of autonomous systems in the fields of human-robot interaction (HRI), SLAM & transportation. Due to the four legs, as well as the 12DOF, this robot can handle a variety of different terrains. The Go2 comes with a perfected drive & power management system, which enables a speed (depending on the version) of up to 3.7 m/s or 11.88 km/h with an operating time of up to 4 hours. Furthermore, the motors have a torque of 45 N.m at the body/thighs and at the knees, which also allow jumps or backflips. Features Super Recognition System: 4D LIDAR L1 Max Running Speed: approx. 5 m/s Peak Joint Torque: approx. 45 N.m Wireless Module: WiFi 6/Bluetooth/4G Ultra-long battery Endurance: approx. 2-4 h (long battery life measured in real life) Intelligent Side-follow System: ISS 2.0 Specifications Tracking module: Remote-controlled or automatic tracking Front camera: Image tansmission Resolution 1280x720, FOV 120°, Ultra wide angle lens deliver rich clarity Front lamp: Brightly lights the way ahead 4D LiDAR L1: 360°x90° omnidirectional ultra-wide-angle scanning allows automatic avoidance with small blind spot and stable operation 12 knee joint motors: Strong and powerful, Beautiful and simple, Brandy new visual experience Intercom microphone: Effective communication with no scenario restrictions Self-retracting strap: Easy to carry and load things More stable, more powerful with advanced devices: 3D LiDAR, 4G ESIM Card, WiFi 6 with Dual-band, Bluetooth 5.2 for stable connection and remote control Powerful Computing Core: Motion controller, High-performance ARM processor, Improved Al algorithm processor, External ORIN NX/NANO Smart battery: Standard 8000 mAh battery, Long-endurance 15000 mAh battery, Protection from over-temp, overcharge and short-circuit Speaker for music play: Listen to music as your pleasure Unitree Go2 Variants The Go2 impresses not only with its technical capabilities, but also with a modern and slim design that gives it a futuristic look and makes it a real eye-catcher. The Go2 Air is specially designed for demos and presentations. With its basic features, it offers a solid basis for demonstrating the movement capabilities and functionality of a four-legged robot. Important: The Go2 Air is delivered without a controller. This can be purchased optionally. With a powerful 8-core high-performance CPU, the Pro and Edu offer impressive computing power required for complex tasks and demanding calculations. This enables faster and more efficient data processing and makes the Pro and Edu a reliable partner for your projects. From the Edu version onwards, the Go2 is programmable and opens up endless possibilities for developing and researching your own robotics applications. The Go2 is also able to handle a step height of up to 14 cm. This makes it an ideal tool for research, education and entry into the world of robotics. The Go2 Edu comes with a remote controller that gives you easy and intuitive control. You also get a docking station with impressive computing power of 100 TOPS, which is equipped with powerful AI algorithms and offers you technical support. Go2 Edu is equipped with a powerful 15000 mAh battery that gives it an impressive runtime of up to 4 hours. This long operating time allows the robot to carry out longer exploration missions and complete demanding tasks. Model Comparison Air Pro Edu/Edu Plus Dimensions (standing) 70 x 31 x 40 cm 70 x 31 x 40 cm 70 x 31 x 40 cm Dimensions (crouching) 76 x 31 x 20 cm 76 x 31 x 20 cm 76 x 31 x 20 cm Material Aluminium alloy + High strength engineering plastic Aluminium alloy + High strength engineering plastic Aluminium alloy + High strength engineering plastic Weight (with battery) about 15 kg about 15 kg about 15 kg Voltage 28~33.6 V 28~33.6 V 28~33.6 V Peaking capacity about 3000 W about 3000 W about 3000 W Payload ≈7 kg (MAX ~ 10 kg) ≈8 kg (MAX ~ 10 kg) ≈8 kg (MAX ~ 12 kg) Speed 0~2.5 m/s 0~3.5 m/s 0~3.7 m/s (MAX ~ 5 m/s) Max Climb Drop Height about 15 cm about 16 cm about 16 cm Max Climb Angle 30° 40° 40° Basic Computing Power N/A 8-core High-performance CPU 8-core High-performance CPU Aluminum knee joint motor 12 set 12 set 12 set Intra-joint circuit (knee) ✓ ✓ ✓ Joint Heat Pipe Cooler ✓ ✓ ✓ Range of Motion Body: −48~48° Body: −48~48° Body: −48~48° Thigh: −200°~90° Thigh: −200°~90° Thigh: −200°~90° Shank: −156°~−48° Shank: −156°~−48° Shank: −156°~−48° Max Torque N/A about 45 N.m about 45 N.m Super-wide-angle 3D LiDAR ✓ ✓ ✓ Wireless Vector Positioning Tracking Module N/A ✓ ✓ HD Wide-angle Camera ✓ ✓ ✓ Foot-end force sensor N/A N/A ✓ Basic Action ✓ ✓ ✓ Auto-scaling strap N/A ✓ N/A Upgraded Intelligent OTA ✓ ✓ ✓ RTT 2.0 Image Transmission ✓ ✓ ✓ App Basic Remote Control ✓ ✓ ✓ App Data Viewing ✓ ✓ ✓ App Graphical Programme ✓ ✓ ✓ Front Lamp (3 W) ✓ ✓ ✓ WiFi 6 with Dual-band ✓ ✓ ✓ Bluetooth 5.2/4.2/2.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4G Module N/A CN/GB CN/GB Voice Function N/A ✓ ✓ Music Playback N/A ✓ ✓ ISS 2.0 Intelligent side-follow system N/A ✓ ✓ Intelligent detection and avoidance ✓ ✓ ✓ Secondary development N/A N/A ✓ Manual controller Optional Optional ✓ High computing power module N/A N/A Edu: 40 TOPS computing power Edu Plus: 100 TOPS computing power NVIDIA Jetson Orin (optional) Smart Battery Standard (8000 mAh) Standard (8000 mAh) Long endurance (15000 mAh) Battery Life 1-2 h 1-2 h 2-4 h Charger Standard (33.6 V, 3.5 A) Standard (33.6 V, 3.5 A) Fast charge (33.6 V, 9 A) Included 1x Unitree Go2 Edu 1x Unitree Go2 Remote Controller 1x Unitree Go2 Battery (15000 mAh) 1x Unitree Docking station with 40 TOPS computing power Downloads Documentation iOS/Android apps GitHub

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With the availability of free and open source C/C++ compilers today, you might wonder why someone would be interested in assembler language. What is so compelling about the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)? How does RISC-V differ from existing architectures? And most importantly, how do we gain experience with the RISC-V without a major investment? Is there affordable hardware available? The availability of the Espressif ESP32-C3 chip provides a way to get hands-on experience with RISC-V. The open sourced QEMU emulator adds a 64-bit experience in RISC-V under Linux. These are just two ways for the student and enthusiast alike to explore RISC-V in this book. The projects in this book are boiled down to the barest essentials to keep the assembly language concepts clear and simple. In this manner you will have “aha!” moments rather than puzzling about something difficult. The focus in this book is about learning how to write RISC-V assembly language code without getting bogged down. As you work your way through this tutorial, you’ll build up small demonstration programs to be run and tested. Often the result is some simple printed messages to prove a concept. Once you’ve mastered these basic concepts, you will be well equipped to apply assembly language in larger projects.

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If you enjoy DIY electronics, projects, software and robots, you’ll find this book intellectually stimulating and immediately useful. With the right parts and a little guidance, you can build robot systems that suit your needs more than overpriced commercial systems can. 20 years ago, robots based on simple 8-bit processors and touch sensors were the norm. Now, it’s possible to build multi-core robots that can react to their surroundings with intelligence. Today’s robots combine sensor readings from accelerometers, gyroscopes and computer vision sensors to learn about their environments. They can respond using sophisticated control algorithms and they can process data both locally and in the cloud. This book, which covers the theory and best practices associated with advanced robot technologies, was written to help roboticists, whether amateur hobbyist or professional, take their designs to the next level. As will be seen, building advanced applications does not require extremely costly robot technology. All that is needed is simply the knowledge of which technologies are out there and how best to use each of them. Each chapter in this book will introduce one of these different technologies and discuss how best to use it in a robotics application. On the hardware side, we’ll cover microcontrollers, servos, and sensors, hopefully inspiring you to design your own awe-inspiring, next-generation systems. On the software side, we’ll cover programming languages, debugging, algorithms, and state machines. We’ll focus on the Arduino, the Parallax Propeller, Revolution Education PICAXE and projects I’ve with which I’ve been involved, including the TBot educational robot, the PropScope oscilloscope, the 12Blocks visual programming language, and the ViewPort development environment. In addition, we’ll serve up a comprehensive introduction to a variety of essential topics, including output (e.g. LEDs, servo motors), and communication technologies (e.g. infrared, audio), that you can use to develop systems that interact to stimuli and communicate with humans and other robots. To make these topics as accessible as possible, handy schematics, sample code and practical tips regarding building and debugging have been included. Hanno Sander Christchurch, New Zealand

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20+ Macintosh Models, from 1984 to Today (History, Engineering, and Restoration) Apple is not like any other company. More than anyone else, it transformed technology into something people could desire, love, and even identify with—much like a luxury brand. Users were not only buying a tool; they were buying a vision, a way of life. At the center of this transformation stands the Macintosh. First introduced in 1984, it was radically different from everything before. With its graphical interface and mouse, it made computing approachable, even friendly. What now feels obvious—clicking on icons, dragging files, pointing instead of typing commands—was revolutionary at the time. The Macintosh not only changed the way people related to technology. The Macintosh forced the entire industry to rethink the way we use computers. This book tells that story through some of the most significant Macintosh models. Each one is presented not only in words but also in images, because these computers are more than technology—they are design icons, symbols of a unique vision. History, technical detail, and photography come together here, aiming to show each Macintosh as it truly deserves to be seen.

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DIY LiPo Supercharger KitFrom Handcrafted to Mass Market Elektor @ 60Reflections on Six Decades of Electronics Siglent Bench Multimeter SDM3045X DC Current-Sense ClampHall Sensor + Ferrite Core + Arduino Soldering Station 2021Easy to build! Hands On the Parallax Propeller 2Part 2: The Development Environment and Code Wi-Fi for LoRa SwitchIntegrated in Home Assistant with ESPHome Do Not Fear the Cellular Module! Tracking Time with ESP32 and TogglWorking with the M5Stack Get to Know the Raspberry Pi Pico Board and RP2040 MicroPython for MicrocontrollersSmall-Format Screens 12-to-200-V DC/DC Converter for Valve Amplifiers Heat SeekerThe Seek Shot Pro Thermal Imaging Camera Object-Oriented Programming: A Short Primer Using C++ HomeLab ToursHome Lab and an Analogue Synthesiser by Kurt Diedrich Java on the Raspberry PiPart 1: GPIOs DIP SwitchesPeculiar Parts, the series Project 2.0Corrections, Updates and Readers’ Letters Whose Product Is It Anyway?Right to Repair Gains Momentum From Life's ExperienceThe Great Book of Blunders Micro-ProfessorLearning Assembly Language on a Z80 Starting out in ElectronicsEasier Than Imagined! Even When It Is About Capacitors HexadokuThe Original Elektorized Sudoku

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. The AlertAlfred AI Security SystemPowered by a Raspberry Pi 5 and the Hailo 8L Module AI in Electronics DevelopmentAn Update After Only One Year Intro to AI AlgorithmsPrompt: Which Algorithms Implement Each AI Tool? Single-Board Computers for Artificial Intelligence ProjectsBackground and Overview From Sensor Data to Machine Learning ModelsGesture Detection with an Accelerometer and Edge Impulse Build a Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Spiking NeuronArtificial Intelligence Without Software ChatGPT for Electronic DesignDoes GPT-4o Do It Any Better? Bringing AI to the Edge with ESP32-P4 Exploring Speech Functions on Raspberry Pi ZeroWhen Overclocking Gives Freedom of Speech The Growing Role of Edge AIA Trend Shaping the Future Unlocking the Power of Edge AIA Conversation with François de Rochebouët of STMicroelectronics A VHDL Clock Made with ChatGPT AI’s Real ImpactSayash Kapoor on “AI Snake Oil” and More The Latest Stuff From BeagleBoardBeagleY-AI, BeagleV-Fire, BeagleMod, BeaglePlay and BeagleConnect Freedom Mosquito Detection Using Open Datasets and Arduino Nicla Vision AI Today and Tomorrow: Insights from Espressif, Arduino, and SparkFun Artificial Intelligence Timeline BeagleY-AIThe Latest SBC for AI Applications AI in FocusPerspectives from the Elektor Community Machine Vision with OpenMVCreate a Soda Can Detector A Conversation with the Digital MindChatGPT vs Gemini Skilling Me Softly with This Bot?Is the AI Revolution in the Electronic Field Failing Due to a Lack of Social Precision?

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Le téléchargement intégral de ce numéro est disponible pour nos membres GOLD et GREEN sur le site Elektor Magazine ! Pas encore membre ? Cliquez ici. adaptateur de mesure USBTest du courant et des signaux des ports USB sortie boucle de courant 4-20 mA pour Arduino UnoUne interface de boucle de courant fiable et insensible aux interférences électromagnétiques commande automatique pour aspirateurGardez votre établi propre générateur DDS avec ATtiny testeur d'ampli-op V2Nouveau circuit imprimé – désormais compatible avec les CMS amplificateur audio à tube 550 mWson chaleureux des tubes à vide surveillance des fusiblesavec une LED clignotante préamplificateur RIAA HQExploitez tout le potentiel sonore de vos disques vinyles ! Outil de réglage pour platines vinylesGénérateur de lumière stroboscopique 100–120 Hz basé sur Arduino Elektor Classics : ampli vidéo gradateur à télécommande infrarougeContrôlez votre éclairage avec confort et précision comment utiliser switch…case avec des chaînes de caractères en C++/EDI Arduino détecteur d’aimantsAvec un simple capteur à effet Hall bouton de mise sous tension intelligent pour Raspberry PiUne solution pour Raspberry Pi jusqu’au modèle 4 astuces clés pour makersDes conseils pros pour vos projets projets pratiques avec le timer 555Commande de moteur CC et jeux de rapidité moniteur de charge CA simpleÉconomisez de l'énergie grâce à un appareil simple batteries externes en parallèleTrois jours d’autonomie VFO jusqu’à 15 MHzRéalisation avec un Raspberry Pi Pico accordeur de violon avec ATtiny202 Elektor Classics : ampli vidéo pour TV N&B capacimètre20 pF à 600 nF horloge quasi analogique Mk IIDeux anneaux LED pour les heures et les minutes concevez sans limites(grâce à l’écosystème complet d’Arduino) dé à lampes néon Elektor Classics : indicateur d'accord RTTY solutions matérielles inspirantes pour vos projets ESP Elektor Classics : alimentation 3 A LED RGB avec circuit de commande intégréLumière de précision : les ICLED établissent de nouvelles normes expérience : un Thérémine analogico-numérique ?Combiner des capteurs numériques modernes avec l’intemporel générateur analogique XR2206 carte émetteur-récepteur audio ESP32 (1)Démo : lecture de fichiers WAV depuis une carte SD infographies : Circuits et conception de circuits 2025 petit mixeur audioUne conception polyvalente et modulable minuteur intelligent pour éclairage d’escalierÉconomisez encore plus sur votre facture d’énergie ! modernisez vos voletsContrôlez les systèmes Velux avec un ESP32 et MQTT chauffe-pieds à transistorsConfort économe en énergie le quadricoptère M5Stamp Fly est-il le prochain drone Tello ? (Revue) optimiser la portée Wi-Fi de l’ESP32-C3 SuperMiniUne modification d’antenne simple et efficace station de soudage à air chaud ZD-8968Un outil de travail économique ou uniquement de l'air chaud ? testeur de radar de reculDétecter les pannes du système d’aide au stationnement d’un véhicule

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