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LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT & LTE-M Compared The Internet of Things depends on a critical question. How do you connect devices that must operate for years on tiny batteries, often miles from the nearest power outlet? This Elektor Technical Brief provides a practical guide to the technologies that have become the backbone of long-range, low-power IoT connectivity. Compiled by the Elektor Content Team, this concise technical brief examines the real engineering tradeoffs behind today’s leading Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies: LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and LTE-M. By referencing a wide range of Elektor articles and other online content, this document explains why link budget, noise, bandwidth, and power consumption ultimately determine system performance. From there, it explores the architectures, strengths, limitations, and deployment realities of each major LPWAN technology, helping you understand not just how they work, but when and why to use them. Whether you’re designing smart meters, industrial sensors, agricultural monitoring systems, asset trackers, or connected infrastructure, this guide provides the insights needed to make informed connectivity decisions. Along the way, you’ll discover: Why LPWAN technologies emerged and where they fit in the IoT landscape The RF fundamentals that drive range, reliability, and battery life Details about LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and LTE-M Practical comparisons of power, coverage, latency, cost, and deployment models Guidance for selecting the right LPWAN technology for your application Emerging trends shaping the future of long-range IoT connectivity Clear, accessible, and grounded in real engineering practice, this Technical Brief helps you move beyond specifications and marketing claims to understand what matters most. If you’re building connected products that need to survive in the field — not just in the lab — this is the LPWAN guide you’ll want at your side. Elektor helped launch the first wave of electronics makers in 1961. Since then, our global community has grown by hundreds of thousands of active members (comprising professional engineers, makers, and students) and more than 500 contributing experts. Every day, we inspire members to design and earn money with electronics.

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Dit boek gaat over de Raspberry Pi, en over het programmeren in C. De programmeertaal C en het besturingssysteem Linux (Raspbian) passen uitstekend bij elkaar. Alles wat we nodig hebben om in C te programmeren wordt meegeleverd met het besturingssysteem van de Raspberry Pi. In dit boek leert u hoe C gebruikt wordt met de Raspberry Pi, en krijgt u een overzicht van de taal. WiringPi is een softwarebibliotheek voor de Raspberry Pi waarmee C hardware-uitbreidingen kan benaderen. Die bibliotheek wordt gebruikt om sensoren uit te lezen en om extra hardware aan te sturen. U gaat experimenteren met LED’s en schakelaars, met motoren, met geluid en met sensoren voor temperatuur, luchtdruk, en luchtvochtigheid. Met een Linux-systeem kunt u een webserver maken, inclusief interactieve websites met PHP en WiringPi. Daarom is ook een beknopt overzicht van HTML en PHP in het boek opgenomen. In de voorbeelden worden sensoren via het web uitgelezen en worden apparaten bestuurd. In het laatste voorbeeld wordt een temperatuurlogger gemaakt. Die meet elk kwartier de temperatuur. Een tabel met de meetwaarden kan via het web worden uitgelezen. Alle voorbeeldprogramma’s kunnen worden gedownload van de website van Elektor.

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Schaltungen, Software und Empfangspraxis Die Kurzwellen-Empfangstechnik entwickelt sich ständig weiter. Im Mai 2007 wurde von Elektor das "Software Defined Radio mit USB-Schnittstelle" vorgestellt. Ziel war ein möglichst einfacher Empfänger, der durch den Einsatz geeigneter Software überzeugende Empfangsergebnisse liefert. Die benötigten Programme stehen auf der Elektor-Website und im Internet gratis zur Verfügung. Schon nach wenigen Monaten hatte dieser neue Empfänger eine weite Verbreitung gefunden. Zahlreiche Software-Autoren unterstützten das Projekt. Auch Bedienungshinweise, Erweiterungen sowie Tipps und Tricks findet man im Netz. Die Vielfalt der Möglichkeiten erschwert die Orientierung. Deshalb wurde dieses Buch geschrieben. Das Ziel ist ein Überblick über Aufbau, Software und Bedienung des SDR. Außerdem werden Selbstbauprojekte vorgestellt, die es erlauben, mit geringsten Kosten eigene Empfänger zu entwerfen; denn das Thema entwickelt sich laufend weiter...

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Resonances From Aether Days A Pictorial and Technical Analysis from WWII to the Internet Age From the birth of radio to the late 1980s, much of real life unfolded through shortwave communication. World War II demonstrated—beyond a shadow of a doubt—that effective communications equipment was a vital prerequisite for military success. In the postwar years, shortwave became the backbone on which many of the world's most critical services depended every day. All the radio equipment—through whose cathodes, grids, plates, and transistors so much of human history has flowed—is an exceptional subject of study and enjoyment for those of us who are passionate about vintage electronics. In this book, which begins in the aftermath of World War II, you’ll find a rich collection of information: descriptions, tips, technical notes, photos, and schematics that will be valuable for anyone interested in restoring—or simply learning about—these extraordinary witnesses to one of the most remarkable eras in technological history. My hope is that these pages will help preserve this vast treasure of knowledge, innovation, and history—a heritage that far transcends the purely technical.

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Projects Using Arduino IDE and the LVGL Graphics Library The ESP32 is probably one of the most popular microcontrollers used by many people, including students, hobbyists, and professional engineers. Its low cost, coupled with rich features makes it a popular device to use in many projects. Recently, a board called the ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display (CYD for short) is available from its manufacturers. The board includes a standard ESP32 microcontroller together with a 320x240 pixel TFT display. Additionally, the board provides several connectors for interfaces such as GPIO, serial port (TX/RX), power and Ground. The inclusion of a TFT display is a real advantage as it enables users to design complex graphics-based projects without resorting to an external LCD or graphics displays. The book describes the basic hardware of the ESP32 CYD board and provides details of its on-board connectors. Many basic, simple, and intermediate-level projects are given in the book based on the ESP32 CYD, using the highly popular Arduino IDE 2.0 integrated development environment. The use of both the basic graphics functions and the use of the popular LVGL graphics library are discussed in the book and projects are given that use both types of approaches. All the projects given in the book have been tested and are working. The block diagram, circuit diagram, and the complete program listings and program descriptions of all the projects are given with explanations. Readers can use the LVGL graphics library to design highly popular eye-catching full-color graphics projects using widgets such as buttons, labels, calendars, keypads, keyboards, message boxes, spinboxes, sliders, charts, tables, menus, bars, switches, drop-down lists, animations, and many more widgets.

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PC USB Logic Analyzers with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Co. Step-by-step instructions guide you through the analysis of modern protocols such as I²C, SPI, UART, RS-232, NeoPixel, WS28xx, HD44780 and 1-Wire. With the help of numerous experimental circuits based on the Raspberry Pi Pico, Arduino Uno and the Bus Pirate, you will learn the practical application of popular USB logic analyzers. All the experimental circuits presented in this book have been fully tested and are fully functional. The necessary program listings are included – no special programming or electronics knowledge is required for these circuits. The programming languages used are MicroPython and C along with the development environments Thonny and Arduino IDE. This book uses several models of flexible and widely available USB logic analyzers and shows the strengths and weaknesses of each price range. You will learn about the criteria that matter for your work and be able to find the right device for you. Whether Arduino, Raspberry Pi or Raspberry Pi Pico, the example circuits shown allow you to get started quickly with protocol analysis and can also serve as a basis for your own experiments. After reading this book, you will be familiar with all the important terms and contexts, conduct your own experiments, analyze protocols independently, culminating in a comprehensive knowledge set of digital signals and protocols.

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An Introduction to Real and Reduced-Scale Autonomous Vehicles Want to cut through the hype and get to the core of autonomous and connected vehicles? Then this book is your clear, accessible guide to a complex and fast-moving field. Starting with Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), it walks you through the essential foundations, including Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) – the stepping stones to full autonomy. Explore how self-driving cars mimic human behavior through a loop of perception, analysis, decision, and action. Discover the key functions that make it possible: localization, obstacle detection, driver monitoring, cooperative awareness – and the most challenging of all, trajectory planning, across strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Will vehicles be connected? The debate is on – but the standards are already here. Learn how connectivity, infrastructure, and vehicles can work in synergy through the innovative concept of floating car data (FCD). Dive into real-world implementation: with embedded electronics account-ing for over 30% of a modern vehicle‘s cost, we unpack the architecture, coordination, and tools required to manage the complexity – brought to life with a hands-on case study. To finish, we open the door to the future: building your own 1:10 scale autonomous vehicle. No plug-and-play solutions – just the foundations for a collaborative, creative, and geek-friendly challenge. Let’s drive the future together.

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Learning Embedded Systems with STM32 Nucleo Boards Embedded programming has become more accessible than ever before. Development boards are inexpensive, software tools are easy to install, and the Arduino IDE provides a familiar environment for creating embedded applications. Combined with the STM32 Nucleo family of development boards, it offers an excellent platform for learning how modern microcontrollers interact with the physical world. This book introduces embedded programming using the Arduino environment on STM32 Nucleo boards. You will learn how a microcontroller continuously reads inputs, processes information, and controls outputs in a predictable real-time loop. Through practical examples, you will discover how to control LEDs, read switches and sensors, generate PWM signals, drive motors, and exchange data with other devices, all while becoming familiar with the capabilities of STM32 microcontrollers. Although the STM32 family includes devices with different performance levels, memory sizes, and peripheral sets, they all share the same architectural concepts. Digital and analog I/O, timers, interrupts, PWM, communication interfaces, and low-power operation are fundamental features found throughout the STM32 ecosystem. Understanding these building blocks will enable you to work confidently with a wide range of STM32 devices, from entry-level microcontrollers to more advanced applications. By focusing on practical programming techniques rather than hardware complexity, this book develops skills that remain useful well beyond the examples presented. Whether you are taking your first steps in embedded systems or expanding your experience with STM32 microcontrollers, you will gain a solid understanding of both the Arduino development environment and the principles that underpin embedded software design.

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Home Information SystemUsing Windows on a Raspberry Pi Starting with Node-REDAn open-source visual block-based programming tool Elektor Summer GiveAway Simple Function Generator: With Reverse-Order Signal Creation GreatScott! Builds a LoRa Alarm System Review: Joy-iT RD6006 Benchtop Power Supply Kit Review: The GreatFET One Interface Board Small Circuits Revival – XXLEscaped from the Suggestions Box Poorest Man's External 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Antenna Simple On-Off Temperature Controller with Raspberry Pi HAT How to Take (Successful) Photos of ElectronicsShowing your projects in their best light Review: The I2CDriver Tool Review: JOY-iT Joy-View Portable Touchscreen LED Booster for MicrocontrollersWith just one component Experimental Ultrasonic Clothes Washer Review: The Joy-iT JDS2915 Signal GeneratorA 2-Channel Signal Generator and Frequency Counter Traffic Lights Programmed in PIC Assembly Code E-E-E-ternal Blinker Experimental Hall Sensor Tracing Shorts with the Milli-Ohm or ESR Meter Review: Elektor SDR Hands-on Kit Elektor Labs Pipeline Elektor KickstarterWell, you get the idea. Do You Really Need All That Stuff???This is where I spend many hours working on electronics projects Homelab Tours: The Kinetic Clock MakerStargate jigsawed! Hello, World! We’re Elektor, and We’re Social M4 + 2x A7 + GPU: An Unbalanced Dream TeamLatest STM32MP1-SoCs can tackle demanding applications Test Rig for 16F18877 & Similar Big PICs Inter-Microcontroller Traffic with the SPI Bus and ATmega328p Six Shades of LF/AF OSC (and the Miller’s Tale) BBC micro:bit Absolute Minimalist Oscilloscope with LED Display ‘Knight Rider’ LED Chaser with the ESP32 LW/MW AM Signal Generator with ATtiny13 Absolute Minimalist Dip Meter Photovoltaic Regulator UpdateNew function for measuring battery temperature Wireless SignallingTransmitting switching signals over LPR Ultrasonic Reverse Parking Aid with Arduino Uno Distortion Pedal with Op Amp and Space Charge Tubes Electronics Workspace Essentials Hexadoku Artificial Intelligence for Beginners (2)Neural networks with Linux and Python

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A Toolbox for Audio Lovers and Engineers Without any ambition to reach scientific levels, this book aims to be a toolbox for both audio lovers and high-end equipment designers. The elementary theory presented is the bare minimum for readers to grasp the operation and practical use of electrical, electromagnetic, physics, and electronic operations available in the designers’ toolbox. Each tool is explained in a minimum of words and theory without needless coverage of underlying equations or figures. The book chapters guide you through the process of designing quality amplifiers with vacuum tubes, from the very beginning, considering both technical and subjective requirements – in theory and practice. The book is a compilation of the author’s notes used in his professional and educational career but was nevertheless primarily written as a result of true love for the audiophile hobby.

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Dieses Buch ist eine Einführung in das hochaktuelle Gebiet der Robotik. Dabei stehen praktische Anwendungsbeispiele im Vordergrund. Neben den technischen und mechanischen Grundlagen werden die elektronischen Komponenten und Module erläutert. Eine zentrale Rolle spielt dabei der Mikrocontroller. Für Robotik-Anwendungen haben sich zwei Controller-Boards etabliert: der Arduino und der Raspberry Pi. Dem trägt dieses Buch Rechnung und beschreibt praktische Nachbauprojekte mit diesen beiden populären Boards. Getreu der Philosophie des „Learning by Doing“ können sich auch ambitionierte, nichtprofessionelle Anwender mit dem Lernmaterial des Buches einen Überblick über den neuesten Stand der Robotertechnik und KI verschaffen. Für praktische Anwendungen können sowohl komplette Bausätze als auch einzelne Komponenten verwendet werden. Dabei wurde stets darauf geachtet, dass die Hardware möglichst universell einsetzbar ist.

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Technik + Sound Was wäre die heutige Rock- und Popmusik ohne Elektrogitarren und Elektrobässe? Diese Instrumente geben seit mehr als vierzig Jahren klar den Ton an. Ihr Sound wird zum großen Teil von den elektrischen Komponenten bestimmt. Doch wie funktionieren sie eigentlich? Kaum jemand ist in der Lage, diese Frage auch dem Vollblutmusiker ohne technischen Background verständlich zu beantworten. Dieses Buch beantwortet viele offene Fragen unkompliziert und in einer leicht verständlichen Art und Weise. Was bisher noch weitgehend als Herstellergeheimnis galt, entschleiert dieses Buch für jeden interessierten Musiker (auch für andere) in einer deutlichen und fundierten Art. Der Blick geht tief ins Innere der Gitarren bis in die Tonabnehmer (Pickups) und ihr elektrisches Umfeld. Damit ist die Gitarrenelektronik im Kern kein Buch mehr mit sieben Siegeln. Mit ein paar geschickten Eingriffen lassen sich viele Instrumente im Klang noch deutlich verbessern und vielseitiger machen – mit optimalem Verhältnis von investiertem Geld zu Nutzeffekt. Der Autor ist langjähriger Elektronik-Profi und aktiver Musiker. Was hier beschrieben ist, hat er alles selbst ausgiebig in der Praxis getestet.

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