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Practical Multitasking Fundamentals Programming embedded systems is difficult because of resource constraints and limited debugging facilities. Why develop your own Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) as well as your application when the proven FreeRTOS software is freely available? Why not start with a validated foundation? Every software developer knows that you must divide a difficult problem into smaller ones to conquer it. Using separate preemptive tasks and FreeRTOS communication mechanisms, a clean separation of functions is achieved within the entire application. This results in safe and maintainable designs. Practicing engineers and students alike can use this book and the ESP32 Arduino environment to wade into FreeRTOS concepts at a comfortable pace. The well-organized text enables you to master each concept before starting the next chapter. Practical breadboard experiments and schematics are included to bring the lessons home. Experience is the best teacher. Each chapter includes exercises to test your knowledge. The coverage of the FreeRTOS Application Programming Interface (API) is complete for the ESP32 Arduino environment. You can apply what you learn to other FreeRTOS environments, including Espressif’s ESP-IDF. The source code is available from GitHub. All of these resources put you in the driver’s seat when it is time to develop your next uber-cool ESP32 project. What you will learn: How preemptive scheduling works within FreeRTOS The Arduino startup “loopTask” Message queues FreeRTOS timers and the IDLE task The semaphore, mutex, and their differences The mailbox and its application Real-time task priorities and its effect Interrupt interaction and use with FreeRTOS Queue sets Notifying tasks with events Event groups Critical sections Task local storage The gatekeeper task

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Programmierung in Assembler und C am Beispiel der ATtiny-Familie Dieses Buch bietet einen eingehenden Blick auf die 8-Bit-AVR-Architektur in ATtiny- und ATmega-Mikrocontrollern, hauptsächlich aus der Sicht der Software und der Programmierung. Erforschen Sie die AVR-Architektur unter Verwendung von C und Assembler in Microchip Studio (früher Atmel Studio) mit ATtiny-Mikrocontrollern. Lernen Sie die Details der internen Funktionsweise von AVR-Mikrocontrollern kennen, einschließlich der internen Register und des Speicherplans von ATtiny-Bausteinen. Programmieren Sie ATtiny-Mikrocontroller mit einem Atmel-ICE-Programmiergerät/Debugger oder verwenden Sie ein preiswertes Hobby-Programmiergerät oder sogar einen Arduino Uno als Programmiergerät. Die meisten Code-Beispiele können mit dem Microchip Studio AVR-Simulator ausgeführt werden. Lernen Sie, Programme für ATtiny-Mikrocontroller in Assembler zu schreiben. Erfahren Sie, wie Assemblersprache in Maschinencodebefehle umgewandelt wird. Finden Sie heraus, wie Programme, die in der Programmiersprache C geschrieben wurden, in Assemblersprache und schließlich in Maschinencode umgewandelt werden. Verwenden Sie den Microchip Studio Debugger in Kombination mit einem Hardware-USB-Programmierer/Debugger, um Assembler- und C-Programme zu testen oder verwenden Sie den Microchip Studio AVR-Simulator. ATtiny-Mikrocontroller im DIP-Gehäuse werden verwendet, um eine einfache Nutzung auf Breadboards zu ermöglichen. Erfahren Sie mehr über Timing und Taktimpuls in AVR-Mikrocontrollern mit ATtiny-Bausteinen. Werden Sie zu einem AVR-Experten mit fortgeschrittenen Debugging- und Programmierfähigkeiten.

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The Joy-Pi Advanced is a compact and powerful device that allows you to realize your projects quickly and easily. Whether you already have a lot of experience, or next to none, the Joy-Pi Advanced lets you unleash your creativity. Thanks to its compatibility with a wide range of platforms, including Raspberry Pi, Raspberry Pi Pico, Arduino Nano, BBC micro:bit, and NodeMCU ESP32, you can easily and quickly access your preferred platform. In addition, the Joy-Pi Advanced features more than 30 stations, lessons, and modules, giving you an unlimited variety of ways to get your projects done. With the self-developed learning center, you can not only improve your skills but also create new projects. The learning center offers a wealth of information and tutorials that will guide you step by step through your projects. Joy-Pi Advanced is characterized in particular by its intelligent switch units, which allow an extended use of the available pins. A total of three switch units are integrated, each equipped with 12 individual switches that provide precise control of the connected sensors and modules. This system solves the well-known problem of limited pin count that occurs with conventional microcontrollers. The switch units allow you to operate a large number of sensors and modules in parallel by switching them on and off individually. This simulates multiple pin assignment, allowing you to exploit the full power of your projects without compromising functionality. By combining innovative adapter boards and the micro:bit slot, you can achieve seamless compatibility with a wide range of microcontrollers such as Raspberry Pi Pico, NodeMCU ESP32, micro:mit and Arduino Nano. The specially developed adapter boards are designed to perfectly match the respective microcontroller. By plugging the microcontroller onto the appropriate adapter board and then plugging it into the micro:bit slot, the Joy-Pi Advanced quickly and easily becomes compatible with the different microcontrollers. This allows seamless integration of your preferred platform and the ability to combine the strengths of the different microcontrollers in your projects. This way, you can fully focus on your creative projects without worrying about the compatibility of different microcontrollers. The Joy-Pi Advanced simplifies the development process and gives you the possibility to design your projects flexibly and individually. Features Highly integrated development platform & learning center Fast, easy & wireless combination of various sensors & actuators Installation option for Raspberry Pi 4 Compatible with various microcontrollers Self-developed, didactic learning platform for Raspberry Pi & Windows Specifications Compatible to Raspberry Pi 4, Arduino Nano, NodeMCU ESP32, BBC micro:bit, Raspberry Pi Pico Installed sensors, actuators & components 39 Learning platform Over 40 entries in the know-ledge database, 10 projects, 10 learning tasks, 14 visions Displays 7-segment display, 16x2 display, 1.8“ TFT display, 0.96" OLED display, 8x8 RGB matrix Sensors DS18B20, shock sensor, hall sensor, barometer, sound sensor, gyroscope, PIR sensor, Light barrier, NTC, Light sensor, 6x touch sensor, color sensor, ultrasonic distance sensor, DHT11 temperature & humidity sensor Control Joystick, 5x switches, potentiometer, rotary encoder, 4x4 button matrix, relays, PWM fan Motors Servo interface, Stepper motor interface, Vibration motor Measuring & conversion modules Analog-Digital Converter, Level converter, voltmeter, Variable voltage supply Other components RTC real time clock, buzzer, EEPROM memory, infrared receiver, breadboard, RFID reader Adapter boards Adapter for NodeMCU ESP32, Arduino Nano & Raspberry Pi Pico, Board connectors for Raspberry Pi & External Boards Electronic components Infrared remote control, RFID chip, RFID card, 6x alligator clips, microSD card reader, servo motor, stepper motor, 32 GB microSD card Components 40x resistors, 3x green LEDs, 3x yellow LEDs, 3x red LEDs, 1x transistor, 5x buttons, 1x potentiometer, 2x capacitors Other accessories Screw assortment, screwdriver, accessory storage bag, power supply & power cable, servo mount Power supply Built-in power supply: 36 W, 12 V, 3 A Case connector: Small device plug C8 Voltage outputs 12 V, 5 V, 3.3 V, Variable voltage output (2-11 V) Data buses & signal outputs I²C, SPI, Analog to digital converter Battery (RTC) CR2032 Dimensions 327 x 200 x 52 mm Included Raspberry Pi 4 (8 GB RAM) Downloads Joy-Pi website Datasheet Manual

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Programming and Projects for the Minima and WiFi Based on the low-cost 8-bit ATmega328P processor, the Arduino Uno R3 board is likely to score as the most popular Arduino family member, and this workhorse has been with us for many years. Eleven years later, the long-overdue successor, the Arduino Uno R4, was released. It is built around a 48 MHz, 32-bit Arm Cortex-M4 microcontroller and provides significantly expanded SRAM and Flash memory. Additionally, a higher-precision ADC and a new DAC are added to the design. The Uno R4 board also supports the CAN Bus with an interface. Two versions of the board are available: Uno R4 Minima, and Uno R4 WiFi. This book is about using these new boards to develop many different and interesting projects with just a handful of parts and external modules. All projects described in the book have been fully tested on the Uno R4 Minima or the Uno R4 WiFi board, as appropriate. The project topics include the reading, control, and driving of many components and modules in the kit as well as on the relevant Uno R4 board, including LEDs 7-segment displays (using timer interrupts) LCDs Sensors RFID Reader 4x4 Keypad Real-time clock (RTC) Joystick 8×8 LED matrix Motors DAC (Digital-to-analog converter) LED matrix WiFi connectivity Serial UART CAN bus Infrared controller and receiver Simulators … all in creative and educational ways with the project operation and associated software explained in great detail.

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Le téléchargement intégral de ce numéro est disponible pour nos membres GOLD et GREEN sur le site Elektor Magazine ! Pas encore membre ? Cliquez ici. Arduino Portenta Machine Control et Arduino Portenta H7démonstration avec une passerelle CAN vers MQTT le kit LCR-mètre 2 MHz d?Elektorrejoignez David Cuartielles, cofondateur d?Arduino, en direct ! MicroPython entre dans le monde de l?Arduino Les projets connectés simplifiésPlongez dans l'Arduino Cloud Introduction à TinyMLPlus gros n?est pas toujours mieux Arduino K-Way l?écriture des croquis Arduino en net progrès Arduino en questions débuter avec le Portenta X8gestion sécurisée des logiciels avec les conteneurs créez, déployez et maintenez des applications évolutives et sécuriséesavec Arduino Portenta X8 équipé du mini processeur d?applications i.MX 8M de NXP et de l?élément de sécurité EdgeLock SE050 comment j?ai automatisé ma maisonFabio Violante, PDG d?Arduino, partage ses solutions simulateur Altair 8800simulation matérielle d?un ordinateur ancien MS-DOS sur le Portenta H7exécuter des logiciels old-school sur du matériel moderne cultivez-le vous-mêmeune jardinière numérique d?intérieur tout-en-un Sauver la planète avec la domotique??MQTT sur l?Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect devenez professionnel avec Arduino Pro les fours intelligents font un bond dans le futur Tagvance conçoit des chantiers de construction plus sûrs avec Arduino Santagostino respire facilementavec une surveillance à distance qui tire parti de l?IA pour une maintenance prédictive la sécurité atteint des sommets avec la solution basée sur les cartes MKR de RIoT Secure l?open-source apporte au monde du progrès dans la gestion de l?eau SensoDétecter la déforestation grâce à l?analyse sonore Bibliothèque Mozzi Arduino pour la synthèse sonoreLe point de vue de Tim Barrass les nouveaux Portenta X8 (avec Linux !) et Max Carrier redéfinissent le champ des possibles comment l?utilisation d?Arduino aide les étudiants à acquérir des compétences futures Bien s?équiper pour mieux travailler l?importance de la robotique dans l?enseignement LoRa fiabilise l?IdO la carte Portenta Machine control en détail rétro-gaming avec Arduboy réduire l?utilisation de l?eau sur les pistes d?équitationun IdO pour surveiller en permanence les niveaux d?humidité et de température du sol le projet Panettonesystème de gestion et de maintien d?un ferment au levain Supporting Arduino Resellers Space Invaders avec Arduino création artistique dans l?environnement Arduinodes idées inspirantes d?artistes et de designers Arduino Product Catalogue L?avenir de l?Arduino

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Learn to Build Intelligent Embedded Systems Build smarter embedded systems with Arduino UNO Q. This book gives you the tools, knowledge, and confidence to turn ideas into intelligent, working solutions using the Arduino UNO Q platform. Discover how to build intelligent embedded systems with the Arduino UNO Q and AI. Unlock the full potential of the Arduino UNO Q, a next-generation platform that combines the real-time power of the STM32U585 microcontroller with the flexibility of a Qualcomm Dragonwing QRB2210 microprocessor. Learn how to rapidly prototype real-world applications using the Arduino IDE for low-level embedded control and Python in Arduino App Lab for high-level development. Build confidence through hands-on projects that guide you step by step from basic board features to complete working systems. Explore ready-to-use, AI based Arduino App Lab examples and see how they can jump-start your development and reduce time to deployment. Step into the world of Edge AI with a clear, practical introduction to Edge Impulse Studio—no prior AI experience required. Follow a complete, real-world workflow to create a Keyword Spotting AI application, covering data collection, model training, optimization, and on-device inference using the Edge Impulse Studio. Bridge the gap between embedded systems and machine learning and learn how to bring intelligence directly onto your hardware. Perfect for embedded engineers, educators, students, and makers looking to stay ahead in AI-enabled product development.

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Build Your Own Vintage Radio Broadcaster The Elektor AM Transmitter Kit allows streaming audio to vintage AM radio receivers. Based on a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller module, the AM Transmitter can transmit on 32 frequencies in the AM band, from 500 kHz up to 1.6 MHz in 32 steps of approx. 35 kHz. The frequency is selected with a potentiometer and shown on a 0.96" OLED display. A pushbutton allows toggles the transmitting mode between On and Off. The range of the transmitter depends on the antenna. The onboard antenna provides a range of a few centimeters, requiring the AM Transmitter to be placed close to or inside the radio. An external loop antenna (not included) can be connected to increase the range. The Elektor AM Transmitter Kit comes as a kit of parts that you must solder to the board yourself. Features The board is compatible with a Hammond 1593N enclosure (not included).A 5 VDC power supply with micro-USB connector (e.g., an old phone charger) is needed to power the kit (not included). Current consumption is 100 mA. The Arduino software (requiring Earle Philhower’s RP2040 Boards Package) for the Elektor AM Transmitter Kit plus more information is available at the Elektor Labs page of this project. Component List Resistors R1, R4 = 100 Ω R2, R3, R8 = 10 kΩ R5, R6, R9, R10, R11 = 1 kΩ R7 = optional (not included) P1 = potentiometer 100 kΩ, linear Capacitors C1 = 22 µF 16V C2, C4 = 10 nF C3 = 150 pF Miscellaneous K1 = 4×1 pin socket K2, K3 = 3.5 mm socket Raspberry Pi Pico pushbutton, angle mount 0.96" monochrome I²C OLED display PCB 150292-1

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With Examples for Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi Pico and ESP32 Programming small electronic systems has never been more accessible. Tasks that once demanded expensive tools, specialized hardware, and deep electrical engineering expertise can now be tackled with low-cost development boards and approachable software. At the centre of this shift is the Arduino environment, which provides a unified and familiar way to program a wide range of microcontroller platforms—from classic AVR boards like the Arduino UNO to modern ARM-based boards such as the Raspberry Pi Pico, and powerful Wi-Fi-enabled devices like the ESP32. This book introduces embedded programming through the core idea that defines all microcontrollers: reading inputs, processing information, and controlling outputs in a predictable loop. The Arduino environment abstracts much of the hardware complexity, allowing you to focus on behaviour rather than implementation details. With just a few lines of code, you can blink LEDs, read sensors, control motors, and communicate with other devices. While the Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi Pico, and ESP32 boards differ greatly in performance and features, they share the same fundamental building blocks: digital and analog I/O, timers, serial communication, PWM, interrupts, and power management. Learning these concepts within the Arduino framework builds skills that transfer easily across platforms and scale toward more advanced applications. By exploring multiple boards while maintaining a consistent programming approach, this book helps you progress from simple experiments to confidently produce well-structured designs—showing that embedded development can be both practical and enjoyable.

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2 Channels • 350 MHz • 1 GSa/s • 50,000 wfm/s • 7 inch Touchscreen The FNIRSI DPOS350P is a sleek 4-in-1 powerhouse in tablet form! This compact and portable device packs serious functionality: it combines a 2-channel oscilloscope (350 MHz), a signal generator (50 MHz), a frequency response analyzer (50 MHz), and a spectrum analyzer (200 kHz–350 MHz) – all in one unit. Whether you're in R&D, troubleshooting, or field testing, the DPOS350P delivers the tools you need to measure, generate, analyze, and visualize electronic signals with precision and clarity. Its responsive high-resolution touchscreen and intuitive controls make signal analysis fast, flexible and efficient. Features Powerful Multi-Function Integration 350 MHz 2-channel oscilloscope with 1 GSa/s real-time sampling 50 MHz signal generator with 14 standard + custom waveforms Spectrum analyzer (200 kHz–350 MHz): Perfect for EMI, RF & HF testing Frequency response analyzer (FRA) up to 50 MHz High-Performance Waveform Capture 50,000 wfm/s refresh rate for real-time signal clarity 350 MHz bandwidth (single-channel mode) Detects rare and low-probability anomalies Crisp Display & Smooth Operation 7" IPS touchscreen (1024 x 600 resolution) Switch between grayscale and color temperature display Easy to operate in various test environments Reliable, Protected & Fast-Charging High-voltage protection up to 400 V Fast charging with QC 18 W (full charge in 2 hours) Built for stable long-term operation Data Storage & Export Save up to 500 waveform records + 90 screenshots USB export for easy reporting and offline analysis Specifications General Display 7 inch (IPS full viewing angle) Resolution 1024 x 600 pixels Interaction mode Capacitive touch screen Total power consumption 10 W Power-on configuration 5 presets Charging QC 18 W, 12 V/1.5 A (USB-C) Battery 3.7 V, 8000 mAh lithium battery Battery life approx. 3 hours in operation, 5 hours standby Heat dissipation Air cooling Expansion interface USB data port Automatic shutdown 15~60 minutes / off Firmware upgrade Support .iso image upgrade Languages English / Portuguese / Russian / Chinese Dimensions 190 x 128 x 37 mm Oscilloscope Analog channels 2 Analog bandwidth 350 MHz Rise time 1ns Real-time sampling rate 1 GSa/s Memory depth 60 Kpts Input impedance 1 MΩ / 14PF Time base range 5ns ~ 50s Roll time base 50ms ~ 50s Vertical sensitivity 2 mV ~ 20 V (1X) Vertical range 16 mV ~ 160 V (1X) DC accuracy ±2% Time accuracy ±0.01% Input coupling DC / AC Probe attenuation 1X / 10X / 100X Hardware bandwidth limit 150M / 20M High resolution mode 8bit ~ 16bit Parameter measurements 12 types Cursor measurement Time, period, frequency, level, voltage Trigger detection Digital trigger Trigger channel CH1 / CH2 Trigger mode Auto / Single / Normal Trigger edge Rising edge / Falling edge Trigger suppression L1 ~ L3 Trigger level Manual / automatic 10% ~ 90% Screenshot storage 90 pictures Waveform storage 500 groups Background grid Display / hide Waveform movement Coarse adjustment / fine adjustment Overvoltage protection Withstand voltage 400 V Waveform brightness Adjustable Simple FFT display Yes Digital fluorescence Yes Color temperature display Yes X-Y mode Yes ZOOM time base Yes One-key automatic adjustment Yes One-key return to zero Yes Data browser Yes Signal Generator Waveform types 14 standard functions + captured waveform Frequency 0~50 MHz (sine wave only, other waveforms up to 10M/5M/3M) Amplitude 0~5 VPP Offset -2.5 V ~ +2.5V Duty cycle 0.1~99.9% Frequency resolution 1 Hz Amplitude resolution 1 mV Offset resolution 1 mV Duty cycle resolution 0.1% Customizable captured waveform 500 groups Frequency Response Analyzer (FRA) Excitation signal frequency 100 Hz ~ 50 MHz Excitation signal amplitude 0~5 VPP Excitation signal offset -2.5V ~ +2.5V Excitation frequency count 20~500 Cursor measurement Frequency / gain / phase Operating mode Single / cyclic System calibration Yes Spectrum Analyzer Conversion method FFT FFT length 4K ~ 32K Frequency range 200 KHz ~ 350 MHz Level range -60 dBmV ~ +260 dBmV Cursor measurement Frequency / amplitude Marking parameter Maximum energy harmonic Waterfall chart Yes 3D waterfall chart Yes Automatic adjustment Yes System calibration Yes Included 1x FNIRSI DPOS350P Oscilloscope (4-in-1) 2x 350 MHz Probes 1x QC 18 W Fast Charger (EU) 1x USB-C Cable 1x Alligator Clip 1x Storage Bag 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware

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Mit diesem Buch erweitert der Leser seine Mikrocontroller-Kenntnisse auf Grund eigener Erfahrungen und Erfolgserlebnisse und wird dazu noch ganz nebenbei in die Welt des Arduino und seiner Entwicklungsumgebung eingeführt. Am Ende dieses vergnüglichen und fast spielerischen Lehrgangs stellen Begriffe wie I/O, Speicherplatz, Interrupts, Kommunikationsstandards, A/D-Konverter (und vieles mehr) keine Geheimnisse mehr dar und der Leser ist in der Lage, auch andere Mikrocontroller zu programmieren. Mit anderen Worten: ein erstes Mikrocontroller-Buch mit Happy End. Dieses Buch ist für Sie geeignet, wenn Sie Anfänger auf dem Gebiet der Mikrocontroller sind, als Arduino-User bzw. -Enthusiast Ihre Kenntnisse vertiefen möchten, Elektronik studieren oder als Lehrer inspiriert werden möchten. Neues Konzept: Dieses Buch überrascht mit einem völlig neuen Konzept an Schaltungsbeispielen: Mit speziellen Arduino-Anwendungen vertreiben Sie störende Freunde und Familienmitglieder sicher und zuverlässig aus Ihrer Umgebung und machen so Schluss mit lästigen gesellschaftlichen Verpflichtungen, so dass Sie in Zukunft Ihre komplette Freizeit nur noch der Programmierung von Mikrocontrollern widmen können. Originelle Anwendungsbeispiele Geringe Hardware-Kosten Freie und offene Software (Open Source)

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Der ideale Start für alle, die in die Welt der Elektronik und Mikrocontroller eintauchen möchten! Dieses Sonderheft vermittelt auf verständliche und praxisnahe Weise die Grundlagen der Elektronik – kombiniert mit spannenden Projekten rund um den beliebten Arduino. Statt trockener Theorie bietet dieses Heft viele leicht nachvollziehbare Experimente, die auf einem Steckboard und mit einem Arduino Uno umgesetzt werden können. So lernen Sie Schritt für Schritt, wie elektronische Bauteile funktionieren und wie Sie sie gezielt einsetzen, um eigene Projekte zu entwickeln. Enthaltene Projekte Strom & Spannung: Wie alles begann Arduino-Hardware Arduino-Programmierung Der Stromkreis Mit dem Multimeter messen Schaltpläne und Experimentier boards Schaltpläne erstellen Breadboard ansichten mit Fritzing Schaltungen online simulieren Unverzichtbar: Widerstände (Teil 1) Praxis mit Widerständen (Teil 2) Veränderliche Widerstände Dioden: Einbahnstraße für den Strom Der Transistor-Schalter Elektromagnetismus Relais und Motoren OpAmps: Operationsverstärker Kondensatoren Timer NE555 PWM und analoge Werte mit Arduino 7-Segment Temperatur anzeige Einführung ins Löten und LCDs

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This bundle contains the popular Elektor Sand Clock for Raspberry Pi Pico and the new Elektor Laser Head Upgrade, offering even more options for displaying the time. Not only can you "engrave" the current time in sand, you can now alternatively write it on a glow-in-the-dark foil or create green drawings. Contents of the bundle Elektor Sand Clock for Raspberry Pi Pico (normal price: €50) Elektor Laser Head Upgrade for Sand Clock (normal price: €35) Elektor Sand Clock for Raspberry Pi (Raspberry Pi-based Eye Catcher) A standard sand clock just shows how time passes. In contrast, this Raspberry Pi Pico-controlled sand clock shows the exact time by "engraving" the four digits for hour and minute into the layer of sand. After an adjustable time the sand is flattened out by two vibration motors and everything begins all over again. At the heart of the sand clock are two servo motors driving a writing pen through a pantograph mechanism. A third servo motor lifts the pen up and down. The sand container is equipped with two vibration motors to flatten the sand. The electronic part of the sand clock consists of a Raspberry Pi Pico and an RTC/driver board with a real-time clock, plus driver circuits for the servo motors. A detailed construction manual is available for downloading. Features Dimensions: 135 x 110 x 80 mm Build time: approx. 1.5 to 2 hours Included 3x Precut acrylic sheets with all mechanical parts 3x Mini servo motors 2x Vibration motors 1x Raspberry Pi Pico 1x RTC/driver board with assembled parts Nuts, bolts, spacers, and wires for the assembly Fine-grained white sand Elektor Laser Head Upgrade for Sand Clock The new Elektor Laser Head transforms the Sand Clock into a clock that writes the time on glow-in-the-dark film instead of sand. In addition to displaying the time, it can also be used to create ephemeral drawings. The 5 mW laser pointer, with a wavelength of 405 nm, produces bright green drawings on the glow-in-the-dark film. For best results, use the kit in a dimly lit room. Warning: Never look directly into the laser beam! The kit includes all the necessary components, but soldering three wires is required. Note: This kit is also compatible with the original Arduino-based Sand Clock from 2017. For more details, see Elektor Magazine 1-2/2017 and Elektor Magazine 1-2/2018.

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