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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Digital Load for High-Current TestingFrom Necessity to Innovation Vocal RemoverInstant Karaoke Circuit Audio A/B Selector With Gain ControlSwitches from Microphone to Line Inputs Better Charging for the LIR2032Be Kind to Your Coin Cells Touch Sensing Made SimpleA DIY Guide for Any Microcontroller Universal Infrared Remote SwitchA New Life for Old Remotes Microcontroller-Powered Moo BoxMaking Playful Sounds With a Microcontroller USB Battery Interface Powering Low-Draw Devices With Power BanksA “Stay Alive” Solution Small Class-A Audio Amplifier With Current OutputDrive Speakers with Current Instead of Voltage Pseudo-Balanced ModuleHigh CMRR with Unbalanced Audio Links Ni-MH Cells Automatic ChargerRefill All Your Battery Packs in One Go! Thyristor-Based Power Supply Protection Fingerprint Sensor SwitchA Useful Proof-of-Identity Device DC-DC 3-A Power ConverterUpgrade Your Fixed-Voltage Sources Remote Water Heater MonitorVoltage and Current Detection for AC Lines Attenuators for Audio Signals (1)Adjustable Via Jumpers Pimp My Car Battery Charger (Part 1)Don’t Throw It Away, Mod It! A Board for the Blue OnePCB for Alps Motorized Potentiometer with Feedback 50-Hz Reference from 60-Hz Mains VoltageHow to Use 50-Hz Electronics in 60-Hz Environments Digital IsolatorsRealizing Galvanic Isolation Easily Compact 12-W Hi-Fi Mono AmplifierSmall But Powerful LM386 Ramp Generator Three-Phase GeneratorWith Raspberry Pi Pico Door Opener for the Musically Talented Elektor Classic: Surf SynthesizerOcean Watersports Background Sound Generator (OWBSG) Pimp my Car Battery Charger (Part 2)Don’t Throw It Away, Mod It! Lamp Current MonitorWith a Raspberry Pi Pico Infrared Telegraphy Fnirsi SWM-10Repair Battery Packs With This Portable Intelligent Spot Welding Machine Stereo Audio Codec for the ESP32 and Co.No Need to Be Afraid of Audio Measurement Technology Tin Soldering TechniquesMake Them Well Right Away! Attenuators for Audio Signals (2)Switching Via Relays USB-C PowerDrawing Power from USB-C Power Adapters Three Circuits with Two and Three Counter ICs4017 ICs Working Together Active Components – The Diode A Timer For Ultra-Long DelaysSet It, and Forget It! Jack In and Jack OutA Useful Insert Option for Audio Circuits Power an ESP32 from a Single Li-ion Cell Hexadoku

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Vos premiers pas avec l?ESP32-C3 et l?IdOBouton Wi-Fi + relais Wi-Fi Cloud IdO à la sauce Arduino Détecteur Geiger-Müller à double tube (extension pour Arduino)Capteur très sensible pour très faible rayonnement Détecteur de CO2 : CO2 GuardUne solution « maison » pour surveiller la qualité de l'air Kit de mesure de la qualité de l?air pour Raspberry Pi de MonkMakesMesure de température et de CO2e Démarrer en électronique... (13)Entrée en scène de la diode Trucs et astuces pour tester les composantsSans appareils de test coûteux Réduction de la consommation d?énergie de votre repousse-taupesGrâce au remplacement du 555 par un ATtiny13 Interrupteur crépusculaire DeLuxUne solution pour une commutation de haute précision, commandée par la lumière Les défis de la commercialisation des solutions IdOProblématiques de sécurité, d'évolutivité et de concurrence Elektor infographieIoT : le nouveau Graal ? « Je préfère quand même être en filaire »Conseils pour développer une interface 1 Gbit/s dans un environnement industriel La détection d?objets en temps réel pour les microcontrôleurs grâce à Edge Impulse FOMO Tubes à ondes progressivesPeculiar Parts, the Series NB-IoTNormes, couvertures, conventions et modules Passerelle intérieure Dragino LPS8Configuration rapide de la passerelle LoRaWAN Explorer les microcontrôleurs ATtiny en utilisant le langage C et le langage assembleurExtrait : Ports d?E/S d?ATtiny Électronique interactive : projet 2.0Corrections, mises à jour et courriers des lecteurs Mise à jour de la balise GPS LoRaRecevoir et afficher la localisation à l?aide d?un Raspberry Pi Simulation de circuits avec TINA Design Suite & TINACloudExtrait : oscillateurs sinusoïdaux Sur le vifFaçon de pincer Infrastructure graphique WinUI pour les applications WindowsApplication de démonstration Création d?interfaces graphiques en Python avec guizeroLa pire des interfaces Systèmes solaires autonomesProduction d?électricité indépendante du réseau 10 ans avec le même smartphone ?Et si c?était possible ! Hexadoku

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Affordable solutions with the ESP8266 and 3D printing If you are looking for a small yet powerful IoT device, you are likely to come across the ESP8266 and compatible products on the market today. One of these, the Wemos/Lolin D1 Mini Pro board strikes a remarkable balance between cost and performance. A small and very affordable prototype board, the D1 Mini Pro stands out with its WiFi functionality and a 16-Mbytes flash memory for easy creation of a flash file system. In addition, there are sufficient input and output pins (only one analog input though) to support PWM, I²C, and One-Wire systems to mention but a few. The book describes the operation, modding, construction, and programming of home appliances including a colorful smart home accessory, a refrigerator/greenhouse controller, an AC powerline monitor, a door lock monitor, and an IKEA Trådfri controller. As a benefit, all firmware developed for these DIY, "IoT-ized" devices can be updated over-the-air (OTA). For most of the designs in the book, a small printed circuit board (PCB) and an enclosure are presented so readers can have a finished and attractive-looking product. Readers having – or with access to! – a 3D printer can "print" the suggested enclosures at home or in a shop. Some of the constructions benefit from a Raspberry Pi configured as a gateway or cms server. This is also described in detail with all the necessary configuring. You don’t need to be an expert but the prerequisites to successful replication of the projects include basic skills with PC software including the ability to surf the Internet. In terms of hardware, you should be comfortable with soldering and generally assembling the PCBs presented in the book. All custom software written for the IoT devices, the PCB layouts, and 3D print files described in the book are available for free downloading.

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Build your textbook weather station or conduct environmental research together with the whole world. With many practical projects for Arduino, Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU, ESP32, and other development boards. Weather stations have enjoyed great popularity for decades. Every current and even every long discontinued electronics magazine has regularly featured articles on building your own weather station. Over the years, they have become increasingly sophisticated and can now be fully integrated into an automated home — although this often requires loyalty to an (expensive) brand manufacturer across all components. With your own weather and environmental data, you can keep up and measure things that no commercial station can. It’s also fun: expand your knowledge of electronics, current microcontroller development boards and programming languages in a fun and meaningful way. For less than 10 euros you can get started and record your first environmental data — with time and growing interest, you will continue to expand your system. In this Edition Which Microcontroller Fits My Project? The Right Development Environment Tracking Wind and Weather Weather Display with OpenWeatherMap and Vacuum Fluorescent Display Volatile Organic Compounds in the Air We Breathe Working with MQ Sensors: Measuring Carbon Monoxide — Odorless but Toxic CO2 Traffic Light with ThingSpeak IoT Connection An Automatic Plant Watering System Good Indoor Climate: Temperature and Humidity are Important criteria Classy Thermometer with Vintage Tube Technology Nostalgic Weather House for the Whole Family Measuring Air Pressure and Temperature Accurately Sunburn Warning Device DIY Sensor for Sunshine Duration Simple Smartphone Says: Fog or Clear View? Identifying Earthquakes Liquid Level Measurement for Vessels and Reservoirs Water pH Value Measurement Detecting Radioactive Radiation GPS: Sensor Location Service Across the Globe Saving and Timestamping Log Files on SD Cards LoRaWAN, The Things Network, and ThingSpeak Operating a LoRaWAN Gateway for TTN Defying "Wind and Weather" Mega Display with Weather Forecasz

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From Simple Ciphers to Secure Systems Understanding how to apply cryptography on modern microcontrollers is essential for building secure, reliable, and trustworthy systems. This book explains cryptography in the context of embedded hardware, from classical ciphers that illustrate core principles to modern techniques such as AES for practical high-security applications. By combining mathematical theory with real-world microcontroller implementations, readers learn not only how cryptography works, but also how to implement it effectively on systems with limited processing power and memory. The book is intended for students starting out in cryptography, hobbyists securing personal projects, and engineers looking for a structured guide to embedded security. The book covers these key topics in applied cryptography: Classical ciphers on Arduino Uno and Raspberry Pi Pico, with full programs: Spartan Scytale, Hebrew Atbash, Caesar, ROT13, Alberti Disk, Vigenère, Affine, Polybius, Playfair, Beaufort, Ottoman Codebook, and One-Time Pad. Hacking classical ciphers using microcontrollers, with examples. Pseudo-random (PRNG) and true random number generation (TRNG) on microcontrollers. Symmetric-key cryptography with full programs: DES and AES-128/256. Memory and speed constraints of cryptography on microcontrollers. Asymmetric cryptography: public/private keys, digital signatures, key distribution and derivation (KDF), RSA, and SHA-256 implementations. A complete secure communication program using RSA and AES-256. A glossary of commonly used cryptography terms.

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The SDRplay RSPdx-R2 is a wideband full featured single-tuner 14-bit SDR receiver which covers the entire RF spectrum from 1 kHz to 2 GHz giving up to 10 MHz of spectrum visibility. It contains three antenna ports, two of which use SMA connectors and operate across the full 1 kHz to 2 GHz range and the third uses a BNC connector which operates up to 200 MHz. The RSPdx-R2 is an enhanced version of the RSPdx with further design improvements for use at frequencies below 2 MHz. Housed in a strong steel case, in addition to the functionality of the RSP1B, the RSPdx-R2 provides three software selectable antenna inputs and an external clock input. It offers excellent performance through HF and VHF frequencies all the way up to 2 GHz. The RSPdx-R2 also supports an "HDR mode" optimised for the demanding radio reception conditions below 2 MHz. The RSPdx-R2, when used in conjunction with SDRplay’s own software, introduces a special HDR (High Dynamic Range) mode for reception within selected bands below 2 MHz. HDR mode delivers improved intermodulation performance and fewer spurious responses for those challenging bands. Features Covers all frequencies from 1 kHz through VLF, LF, MW, HF, VHF, UHF and L-band to 2 GHz, with no gaps Receive, monitor and record up to 10 MHz of spectrum at a time Significantly improved noise performance below 1 MHz (i.e. for some MF, LF and below) Improved dynamic range below 2 MHz both in tuner mode and HDR mode HDR mode below 2 MHz giving overall dynamic range and selectivity advantages Software selectable choice of 3 antenna ports External clock input for synchronisation purposes, or connection to GPS reference clock for extra frequency accuracy Excellent dynamic range for challenging reception conditions Free use of Windows-based SDRuno software (check website for versions supported) Free use of SDRconnect SDR and server software for Windows, MacOS and Linux (Check website for versions supported) Multiplatform driver and API support including Windows, Linux, Mac and Raspberry Pi 4/5 Strong and growing software support network Calibrated S meter/RF power and SNR measurement with SDRuno (including datalogging to .CSV file capability) Documented API provided to allow demodulator or application development on multiple platforms Applications (Amateur) Shortwave radio listening Broadcast DXing (AM/FM/TV) Panadaptor Aircraft (ADS-B and ATC) Slow Scan TV Multi-amateur band monitoring WSPR & digital modes Weather fax (HF and satellite) Satellite monitoring Geostationary environmental satellites Trunked radio Utility and emergency service monitoring Fast and effective antenna comparison Applications (Industrial) Spectrum Analyser Surveillance Wireless microphone monitoring RF surveying IoT receiver chain Signal logging RFI/EMC detection Broadcast integrity monitoring Spectrum monitoring Power measurement Applications (Educational/Scientific) Teaching Receiver design Radio astronomy Passive radar Ionosonde Spectrum analyser Receiver for IoT sensor projects Antenna research Specifications Frequency Range 1 kHz – 2 GHz Antenna Connector SMA Antenna Impedance 50 Ohms Current Consumption (Typical) 190 mA @ >60 MHz (excl. Bias-T)120 mA @ <60 MHz (excl. Bias-T) USB Connector USB-B Maximum Input Power +0 dBm Continuous+10 dBm Short Duration ADC Sample Rates 2-10.66 MSPS ADC Number of Bits 14 bit 2-6.048 MSPS12 bit 6.048-8.064 MSPS10 bit 8.064-9.216 MSPS8 bit >9.216 MSPS Bias-T 4.7 V100 mA guaranteed Reference 0.5ppm 24 MHz TCXOFrequency error trimmable to 0.01ppm in field Operating Temperature −10˚C to +60˚C Dimensions 113 x 94 x 35 mm Weight 315 g Downloads Datasheet Software RSPdx-R2 vs RSPduo RSPdx-R2 RSPduo Continuous coverage from 1 kHz to 2 GHz ✓ ✓ Up to 10 MHz visible bandwidth ✓ ✓ 14-bit ADC silicon technology plus multiple high-performance input filters ✓ ✓ Software selectable AM/FM & DAB broadcast band notch filters ✓ ✓ 4.7 V Bias-T for powering external remote antenna amplifier ✓ ✓ Powers over the USB cable with a simple type B socket ✓ ✓ 50Ω SMA antenna input(s) for 1 kHz to 2 GHz operation (software selectable) 2 2 Additional software selectable Hi-Z input for up to 30 Mhz operation ✓ Additional software selectable 50Ω BNC input for up to 200 MHz operation ✓ Additional LF/VLF filter for below 500 kHz ✓ 24 MHz reference clock input (+ output on RSPduo) ✓ ✓ Dual tuners enabling reception on 2 totally independent 2 MHz ranges ✓ Dual tuners enabling diversity reception using SDRuno ✓ Rugged black painted steel case ✓ ✓ Overall performance below 2 MHz for MW and LF ++ + Multiple simultaneous applications + ++ Performance in challenging fading conditions (*using diversity tuning) + *++

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Le téléchargement intégral de ce numéro est disponible pour nos membres GOLD et GREEN sur le site Elektor Magazine ! Pas encore membre ? Cliquez ici. adaptateur de mesure USBTest du courant et des signaux des ports USB sortie boucle de courant 4-20 mA pour Arduino UnoUne interface de boucle de courant fiable et insensible aux interférences électromagnétiques commande automatique pour aspirateurGardez votre établi propre générateur DDS avec ATtiny testeur d'ampli-op V2Nouveau circuit imprimé – désormais compatible avec les CMS amplificateur audio à tube 550 mWson chaleureux des tubes à vide surveillance des fusiblesavec une LED clignotante préamplificateur RIAA HQExploitez tout le potentiel sonore de vos disques vinyles ! Outil de réglage pour platines vinylesGénérateur de lumière stroboscopique 100–120 Hz basé sur Arduino Elektor Classics : ampli vidéo gradateur à télécommande infrarougeContrôlez votre éclairage avec confort et précision comment utiliser switch…case avec des chaînes de caractères en C++/EDI Arduino détecteur d’aimantsAvec un simple capteur à effet Hall bouton de mise sous tension intelligent pour Raspberry PiUne solution pour Raspberry Pi jusqu’au modèle 4 astuces clés pour makersDes conseils pros pour vos projets projets pratiques avec le timer 555Commande de moteur CC et jeux de rapidité moniteur de charge CA simpleÉconomisez de l'énergie grâce à un appareil simple batteries externes en parallèleTrois jours d’autonomie VFO jusqu’à 15 MHzRéalisation avec un Raspberry Pi Pico accordeur de violon avec ATtiny202 Elektor Classics : ampli vidéo pour TV N&B capacimètre20 pF à 600 nF horloge quasi analogique Mk IIDeux anneaux LED pour les heures et les minutes concevez sans limites(grâce à l’écosystème complet d’Arduino) dé à lampes néon Elektor Classics : indicateur d'accord RTTY solutions matérielles inspirantes pour vos projets ESP Elektor Classics : alimentation 3 A LED RGB avec circuit de commande intégréLumière de précision : les ICLED établissent de nouvelles normes expérience : un Thérémine analogico-numérique ?Combiner des capteurs numériques modernes avec l’intemporel générateur analogique XR2206 carte émetteur-récepteur audio ESP32 (1)Démo : lecture de fichiers WAV depuis une carte SD infographies : Circuits et conception de circuits 2025 petit mixeur audioUne conception polyvalente et modulable minuteur intelligent pour éclairage d’escalierÉconomisez encore plus sur votre facture d’énergie ! modernisez vos voletsContrôlez les systèmes Velux avec un ESP32 et MQTT chauffe-pieds à transistorsConfort économe en énergie le quadricoptère M5Stamp Fly est-il le prochain drone Tello ? (Revue) optimiser la portée Wi-Fi de l’ESP32-C3 SuperMiniUne modification d’antenne simple et efficace station de soudage à air chaud ZD-8968Un outil de travail économique ou uniquement de l'air chaud ? testeur de radar de reculDétecter les pannes du système d’aide au stationnement d’un véhicule

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Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here. Not a member yet? Click here. Low-Noise Lab Power Supply (1)A Quiet Source for Sensitive Circuits STM32 Edge AI Contest 2025: The Winners Batteries TodayTechnology and Differences in Lithium Batteries Adjustable Electronic LoadStatic + Dynamic DC Load Step-Down Converter from 48 V to 5 VThe Story of Circuit Development Autonomous Sensor Node v2.0Part 2: Hardware Validation and Power Optimizations VaristorsPeculiar Parts, the Series Graphical Grid Frequency MeterMonitor Grid Quality Starting Out in Electronics……Brings Its Own End Peak Current Load SMD FerritesMore Resilient Against Current Peaks Elektor Live! Expert Day 2025 Energy Harvesting Set to Accelerate IoT and IIoT Use CasesHow Energy Harvesting Frees IoT from the Grid Fnirsi DPS-150Compact and Portable Power Supply and Converter Adjustable USB-C Power SourceTurn Your USB-C Charger Into an Adjustable Power Supply Simple Charger and Capacity TesterWith Two Cheap “Off-the-Shelf” Modules Smart Color Detector with AI Voice and Playback PbMonitor v2.0Introduction to the Updated Battery Monitoring System A Fan for the Mini Reflow PlateSmart Modifications That Improve Results From Life’s ExperienceThe Tsunami of Indulgence Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters 2026: An AI OdysseyWhen Models Start Dictating the Hardware Precision Picoammeter (2)Assembling, Calibration, and Test Wireless Device Poweringwith Inductive Technology AI-Based Autonomous DrivingThe RDW’s Self Driving Challenge 2024 Sound Card as Signal GeneratorPC as DCF77 Test Transmitter

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Projects Using Arduino IDE and the LVGL Graphics Library The ESP32 is probably one of the most popular microcontrollers used by many people, including students, hobbyists, and professional engineers. Its low cost, coupled with rich features makes it a popular device to use in many projects. Recently, a board called the ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display (CYD for short) is available from its manufacturers. The board includes a standard ESP32 microcontroller together with a 320x240 pixel TFT display. Additionally, the board provides several connectors for interfaces such as GPIO, serial port (TX/RX), power and Ground. The inclusion of a TFT display is a real advantage as it enables users to design complex graphics-based projects without resorting to an external LCD or graphics displays. The book describes the basic hardware of the ESP32 CYD board and provides details of its on-board connectors. Many basic, simple, and intermediate-level projects are given in the book based on the ESP32 CYD, using the highly popular Arduino IDE 2.0 integrated development environment. The use of both the basic graphics functions and the use of the popular LVGL graphics library are discussed in the book and projects are given that use both types of approaches. All the projects given in the book have been tested and are working. The block diagram, circuit diagram, and the complete program listings and program descriptions of all the projects are given with explanations. Readers can use the LVGL graphics library to design highly popular eye-catching full-color graphics projects using widgets such as buttons, labels, calendars, keypads, keyboards, message boxes, spinboxes, sliders, charts, tables, menus, bars, switches, drop-down lists, animations, and many more widgets.

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Datenbankmodelle und -software für Elektronikanwendungen Mit seiner Energieeffizienz und seinem reichen Spektrum an quelloffener Software eignet sich der Einplatinencomputer Raspberry Pi auch für die Speicherung von Daten und deren grafische Aufbereitung lokal oder im World Wide Web (WWW). Dieses Buch stellt verschiedene Datenbankmodelle und diverse Datenbanksoftware vor: SQL: MariaDB, SQLite InfluxDB: Telegraf Grafana MQTT Verschlüsselung mit RPi Apache PHP Node RED Docker Es zeigt darüber hinaus ausgewählte Ansätze, gespeicherte Daten anzuzeigen und zu verwalten. Ein eigener Abschnitt ist sowohl der SSL-Verschlüsselung der Verbindung als auch dem Betrieb von Servern im WWW gewidmet. Das Buch richtet sich an alle, die neugierig sind und gerne die Möglichkeiten des Raspberry Pi ausloten möchten, die einen Einstieg in das Datenmanagement mit Datenbanken suchen, die mit einfachen Mitteln schnell loslegen möchten, die Alternativen aufgezeigt bekommen möchten, die in komprimierter Form Tipps für eigene Entwicklungen suchen, die Freude am eigenen Entwickeln und Realisieren haben. Programmierkenntnisse und -erfahrungen sind für die Installation der Software nicht erforderlich. Jeder einzelne Schritt wird detailliert beschrieben und mit Screenshots visuell unterlegt.

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The SEQURE T55 Smart Mini Temperature Adjustable Soldering Hot Plate is a compact and efficient tool designed for precise preheating and desoldering tasks. With its adjustable temperature range from 50°C to 280°C (122°F to 536°F), it is suitable for various applications, e.g. cell phone repair, PCB assembly, etc. Features Adjustable heating temperature range: 50°C to 280°C (122°F to 536°F) Equipped with a heat-resistant ceramic temperature sensor, ensuring high-accuracy data measurement under continuous high temperatures. Automatically stops heating after reaching the preset working time. Supports PD, QC, and DC (max 25 V). Intelligent temperature control algorithm for temperature compensation and power adjustment. 128 x 32 resolution OLED display with a built-in buzzer to indicate operating status. °C/°F conversion Specifications Heating Area 55 x 55 mm Working Temperature 50-280°C (122-536°F) Max Voltage 25 V Max Power 95 W Recommend Voltage 19-25 V PD Power Supply PD 20 V ≥3A Power Supply Modes PD, QC, DC Interface USB-C Display 128 x 32 OLED Menu Languages English, Russian, and Chinese Dimensions 55 x 60 x 37 mm Weight 92 g Included 1x SEQURE T55 Smart Mini Soldering Hot Plate 1x PD 65 W Power Supply (EU) 1x Fast Charging Cable (100 W/5 A)

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Build Smart Applications with Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP32 Discover how easy and exciting mobile app development can be with MIT App Inventor. This hands-on guide takes you from basic concepts to building real-world mobile applications using a simple visual programming approach—no prior coding experience required. You will create IoT and AI-powered apps for Android devices and explore how App Inventor can also be used with iPhones and iPads. Connect your applications to platforms such as Arduino UNO R4 WiFi, ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico (2)W and Raspberry Pi 5, enabling you to build smart, connected systems. Inside the book, you will learn how to: Build interactive apps using buttons, images, sound, and multimedia Create text-to-speech and speech-recognition applications Develop camera-based and location-aware (GPS) apps Design useful tools such as calculators and educational apps Work with smartphone sensors like accelerometers and light sensors Build AI-powered applications, including voice assistants and image-generation features Send and receive messages, and create communication-based apps Connect mobile apps to hardware using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Control real devices such as LEDs, motors, and sensors Designed for beginners, students, and hobbyists, this book focuses on learning by doing. By the end, you will have the skills and confidence to create your own innovative applications that interact with both the digital and physical worlds. Start building and turning your ideas into reality.

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