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The FNIRSI DLA Series combines high-performance USB 3.0 logic analysis with flexible multi-channel signal capture for debugging and analyzing digital circuits and embedded systems. The series is available in two versions: the DLA-16 Plus with 16 digital channels and the DLA-32 Plus with 32 digital channels. Both models offer sampling rates of up to 1 GSa/s, 4 Gbit of onboard memory, and support for 120+ protocol decoders. With Buffer, Stream, and Roll acquisition modes, they are suitable for both high-speed signal analysis and long-term monitoring. Choose the DLA-16 Plus for higher sampling rates when using all channels, or the DLA-32 Plus when you need more channels and advanced serial and parallel triggering. Features Available with 16 or 32 digital input channels Up to 1 GSa/s sampling rate DLA-16 Plus: up to 500 MSa/s with all 16 channels DLA-32 Plus: up to 250 MSa/s with all 32 channels 4 Gbit onboard memory High-speed USB 3.0 interface Acquisition modes: Buffer, Stream, and Roll Support for 120+ protocol decoders Advanced triggering options 4 PWM outputs with 1 Hz–20 MHz frequency range CSV and BIN data export Specifications DLA-16 Plus DLA-32 Plus Digital Channels 16 32 Max. Sampling Rate 1 GSa/s Sampling Rate (1 Channel) 1 GSa/s Sampling Rate (8 Channels) 1 GSa/s Max. Buffer Sampling 16 CH @ 500 MSa/s 32 CH @ 250 MSa/s Max. Stream Sampling 16 CH @ 125 MSa/s 32 CH @ 50 MSa/s Hardware Memory 4 Gbit Interface USB 3.0 / USB-C Max. USB Transfer Rate 5 Gbit/s Acquisition Modes Buffer / Stream / Roll Protocol Decoders 120+ Custom Protocol Support Yes Trigger Modes Rising Edge, Falling Edge, High, Low, Any Edge Advanced Trigger Standard Triggering Serial and Parallel Parallel Trigger Stages – Up to 16 PWM Outputs 4 PWM Output Voltage 3.3 V PWM Frequency 1 Hz–20 MHz Data Export CSV, BIN Dimensions 90 x 81 x 11.5 mm Included 1x FNIRSI DLA-16/32 Plus Logic Analyzer 4 Sets x 5 Shielded Cables 18x Mini IC Test Hooks (High Configuration Version) 1x USB 3.0 Data Cable 10x IC Test Hooks 1x Transparent Storage Case for Test Hooks 1x Storage Bag 1x Manual Downloads Manual

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Praktischer Einstieg mit Arduino, GnuRadio und FPGA Das Thema „Software Defined Radio“ ist facettenreich: Neben der Schaltungstechnik ist auch eine Einarbeitung in die Programmierung von Hardware und PC wichtig. Ein schrittweises Vorgehen erleichtert Ihnen den Einstieg. Mit dem im Buch vorgestellten modularen „RF Bricks“-Konzept werden Sie zum Architekten Ihrer Signalkette. Auf einem Chassis angeordnet gewährleisten die Module einen soliden und gut abgeschirmten Aufbau, den Sie einfach verändern und mit eigenen Ideen anreichern können. Der skalierbare Aufbau bildet Ihr Blockschaltbild auch mechanisch ab – die so gewonnene Übersicht kann in der Aus- und Weiterbildung nützlich sein. Ein Arduino in Ihrem Chassis kommuniziert nach einigen Anpassungen mit üblichen SDR-Programmen, z. B. SDRCPP, GQRX und CubicSDR auf einer Linux-Plattform. Damit können Sie Ihren Empfänger direkt per Mausklick abstimmen. Wenn Sie Blockschaltbilder mögen, ist GnuRadio ein natürlicher Partner der „RF Bricks“. Mit einem selbst programmierten Python-Block gelingt Ihnen in GnuRadio die Fernsteuerung Ihres Empfängers. Im GnuRadio-Universum können Sie Ihre GUI stufenweise ausbauen, behalten dabei aber immer volle Kontrolle über die inneren Abläufe des Programms. Mit einem FPGA können zeitaufwändige Operationen auch direkt in die Hardware verlagert werden. Sie bauen stufenweise einen Doppelsuperhet auf und entwickeln die Filterkoeffizienten für FIR-Filter mit Scilab. Das in VHDL realisierte Weaver-Schema rundet diesen Empfänger ab, der mit hoher Empfindlichkeit und Dynamik aufwarten kann. Mit dem gewonnen Überblick und Ihrer neuen Hardware können Sie die einzelnen Aspekte des Themenkomplexes SDR beliebig weiter vertiefen. Downloads Software

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This USB stick holds a selection of more than 350 articles on RF, Radio and Communication published in Elektor Magazine. The content consists of both background articles and projects with the following topics: Basic radio-related circuits as well as more complex circuits like filters, oscillators, and amplifiers. Design, construction, and theory of antennas for transmitting and receiving radio signals efficiently. Design and analysis of RF circuits including filters, mixers, PLLs, and frequency synthesizers. Tools and techniques for predicting radio wave propagation paths and measuring RF signal strength. Techniques for processing digital signals in RF systems, including modulation and demodulation methods. Projects on radio receivers, AM, FM, SSB, CW, DRM, DAB, DAB+, Software Defined Radio, and more. Projects on Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRaWAN, and more. You can use the article search function to locate specific content in the full text. The results are always shown as preformatted PDF documents. You can use Adobe Reader to browse articles, and you can use Adobe Reader’s integrated search functions to find instances of individual words and expressions.

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Verstehen und effektiv einsetzen Was in der Elektronik geschieht, ist mit bloßem Auge unsichtbar. Das Instrument, mit dem sich elektrische Signale präzise visualisieren lassen und die Effekte der Elektronik für uns sichtbar werden, ist das Oszilloskop. Leider wagt man sich beim Einstieg in die Elektronik oft ohne Oszilloskop vor. Man tappt dann im Dunkeln, sowohl praktisch als auch gedanklich. Die erste Beobachtung eines elektrischen Signals auf einem Bildschirm ist eine Offenbarung. Niemand möchte dieses Erlebnis danach noch einmal missen. Es gibt kein Zurück mehr. Wer in der Elektronik mit Freude und Verständnis vorankommen möchte, braucht unbedingt ein Oszilloskop. Dann stellt sich zunächst die Frage: Wie wählt man das richtige Oszilloskop aus? Und kaum ist diese Frage beantwortet, tauchen bereits die nächsten auf, die sich letztlich auf eine zentrale Frage reduzieren lassen: Wie nutzt man das Oszilloskop so, dass die Anzeige die Realität der Signale korrekt widerspiegelt? Rémy Mallard ist ein leidenschaftlicher Vermittler komplexer technischer Themen mit dem Talent, diese verständlich und fesselnd zu präsentieren. In diesem Buch beantwortet er wichtige Fragen zur Verwendung eines Oszilloskops und bietet zahlreiche Anleitungen, um die elektrischen Signale elektronischer Systeme zu erforschen und zu verstehen. Dank seines verständlichen Stils und seiner praktischen Einblicke ist dieses Buch ein wertvolles Werkzeug für alle, die ihr Elektronikwissen vertiefen möchten.

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Practical Guide to Modular RF Design Build Your Own Software-Defined Radio combines RF circuitry with hardware programming and PC-based signal processing. The e-book presents a modular approach to building a complete SDR system using RF Bricks – from the mechanical framework and RF modules to measurement tools, PC software, and FPGA implementations. Practical explanations guide readers through real signal paths, construction steps, and measurement routines, linking hardware and software into a flexible SDR platform. Key topics include: Mechanical setup: RF Brick template, chassis, and 19-inch module carrier Bridges: USB isolator, I²C level shifter, I²C power switch, and practical examples Signal-chain design with RF Bricks: antennas, band filters, NanoVNA work, preamplifiers, PLLs, demodulators, direct-conversion chains, multiband options, and narrowband bricks RF measurement Bricks: single- and dual-tone sources, NPR methods, noise generators, notch filters, broadband amplifiers, and impedance bridges Useful accessories: ATU-100 tuner, X-Phase QRM eliminator, and firmware notes PC host software: SoapyAudio adjustments, GQRX, SDR++, and added functionality GnuRadio elements: control blocks, SSB demodulation, GUI components, messaging, and filter handling FPGA-based SDR: VHDL, toolchains, ADC/DAC blocks, oversampling, and a complete SSB/CW signal chain With its modular structure and detailed working examples, this e-book offers a practical path to building and extending modern SDR systems. Downloads Software

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The FNIRDSI DSO-TC4 is a multifunctional transistor oscilloscope that is both comprehensive and practical. It is designed for use in maintenance and R&D applications, integrating an oscilloscope, transistor tester, and signal generator into a single device. Features Equipped with a 2.8-inch TFT color screen for a clear and intuitive display Built-in high-capacity rechargeable lithium battery (1500 mAh) with a standby time of up to 4 hours Compact and lightweight, ideal for mobile use Specifications Oscilloscope Analog Bandwidth 10 MHz Real-Time Sampling Rate 48 MSa/s Input Impedance 1 MΩ Coupling Mode AC/DC Test Voltage Range 1:1 Probe: 80 Vpp (+40 V) 10:1 Probe: 800 Vpp (+400 V) Vertical Sensitivity 10 mV/div~10 V/div (X1 range) Vertical Displacement Adjustable with indication Time Base Range 50ns~20s Trigger Mode Auto/Normal/Single Trigger Type Rising edge, Falling edge Trigger Level Adjustable with indication Waveform Freeze Yes (HOLD function) Automatic Measurement Max, Min, Avg, RMS, Vpp, Frequency, Cycle, Duty Cycle Component Tester Transistor Amplification factor "hfe"; Base-Emitter voltage "Ube", Ic/Ie, Collector-Emitter reverse leakage current "Iceo", Ices, Forward voltage drop of protection diode "Uf" Diode Forward voltage drop <5 V (Forward voltage drop, Junction capacitance, Reverse leakage current) Zener Diode 0.01~32 V Reverse Breakdown Voltage (K-A-A Test Area) Field-Effect Transistor (FET) JFET: Gate capacitance "Cg", Drain current Id under "Vgs", Forward voltage drop of protection diode "Uf" IGBT: Drain current Id under Vgs, Forward voltage drop of protection diode Uf MIOSTET: Threshold voltage "Vt", Gate capacitance "Cg", Drain-Source resistance "Rds", Forward voltage drop of protection diode "Uf" Unidirectional SCR Trigger voltage <5V, Gate level (Gate voltage) Bidirectional SCR Trigger current <6mA (Gate voltage) Capacitor 25pF~100mF, Capacitance value, Loss factor "Vloss" Resistor 0.01Ω~50MΩ Inductor 10μH~1000μH, DC resistance DS18B20 Temperature sensor, Pins: GND, DQ, VDD DHT11 Temperature and humidity sensor, Pins: VDD, DATA, GND Signal Generator Output Waveform Supports 13 waveform outputs Waveform Frequency 0-50 KHz Square Wave Duty Cycle 0-100% Waveform Amplitude 0.1-3.0 V General Display 2.8-inch TFT color screen Backlight Brightness adjustable Power Supply USB-C (5 V/1 A） Battery 3.7 V/1500 mAh Languages English, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean Dimensions 90 x 142 x 27.5 mm Weight 186 g Included 1x FNIRSI DSO-TC4 (3-in-1) Oscilloscope (10 MHz) 1x P6100 Oscilloscope probes (10X) 1x Alligator clip probe 3x Test hooks 1x Adapter 1x USB-C charging cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware V0.0.7 (+V1.0.9)

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A Practical Guide to Tube Electronics Vacuum tubes continue to exert a special fascination. Their long-lasting operation, robustness, and characteristic behavior fundamentally distinguish them from modern semiconductor technology. Despite their age, tubes are by no means merely historical components; they are still used today in audio technology, measurement technology, and especially in hobbyist applications. This book is aimed at electronics enthusiasts and hobbyists who want to not only learn about and understand vacuum tubes in theory, but also use them in practice. It conveys the fundamentals of tube technology, explains the different designs and designations, shows typical circuits, and addresses power supplies, measurements, and safety-related aspects. The focus is on practical explanations and realistic examples from the workshop. Numerous tips help you avoid typical mistakes, build circuits, and understand tube devices and their construction. Basic knowledge of electronics is assumed. Vacuum Tubes: A Practical Guide to Tube Electronics offers an accessible and thorough introduction to tube technology – factual, comprehensible, and with a clear focus on practical applications.

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52 Volumes on USB – Now incl. Volume 2025! NEW: For articles from the year 2000 onwards, there is now a separate download option for additional materials such as PCB layouts, Gerber files, and software! This USB stick (64 GB) is loaded with all the Elektor magazine English editions (as PDFs) from 1974 to 2025. Elektor engineers, authors, and editors aim to inspire you to master electronics and computer technology by presenting professionally designed circuits that are easy to build. We also cover the latest developments in electronics and information technology. With the Elektor Archive on a USB stick, you can browse our previous English editions at your convenience and learn about MCU-based projects, robotics, electronics testing, embedded programming, analog techniques, and much more. All the Elektor magazine editions are stored as PDFs on a 32-GB USB stick (USB 3.0). The 10,000+ articles have been classified by date of publication (month/year), and a comprehensive index enables you to search the entire USB stick. Subject areas include: Audio & video Computers & microcontrollers Radio, hobby & modelling Home & garden Power supplies & batteries Test & measurement Software And everything else that doesn’t fit in one of these categories. Elektor GPT Elektor GPT is an AI-powered tool that helps users navigate through the decades-long Elektor archive. Using advanced search algorithms and natural language processing, Elektor GPT quickly finds articles, projects, and other resources from the archive. Specifications Storage 64 GB Interfaces 1x USB-A1x USB-C System requirements PC with Adobe Reader 7.0 or higher Web browser

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For Speed, Area, Power, and Reliability This book teaches the fundamentals of FPGA operation, covering basic CMOS transistor theory to designing digital FPGA chips using LUTs, flip-flops, and embedded memories. Ideal for electrical engineers aiming to design large digital chips using FPGA technology. Discover: The inner workings of FPGA architecture and functionality. Hardware Description Languages (HDL) like Verilog and VHDL. The EDA tool flow for converting HDL source into a functional FPGA chip design. Insider tips for reliable, low power, and high performance FPGA designs. Example designs include: Computer-to-FPGA UART serial communication. An open-source Sump3 logic analyzer implementation. A fully functional graphics controller. What you need: Digilent BASYS3 or similar FPGA eval board with an AMD/Xilinx FPGA. Vivado EDA tool suite (available for download from AMD website free of charge). Project source files available from author’s GitHub site.

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... qui sèchent les cours mais soudent sans se brûler les doigts Par où commencer pour débuter en électronique ? Vais-je m'égarer en explorant l'internet ? Il regorge de schémas, mais sont-ils fiables ? Me faut-il un livre avec des montages simples ou plutôt un livre sur les composants ? Après trente ans de pratique, l'auteur de ce livre, resté l'éternel débutant qui réalisait lui-même son premier montage des l'âge de dix ans, partage ici sa soif toujours vive d'apprendre. Fin pédagogue, il guide les débutants et répond aux questions que trop de livres laissent en suspens : « Quel type de fer à souder acheter ? »... « Un multimètre à 5 € peut-il suffire ? »... « Un oscilloscope est-il indispensable ? »... « Peut-on installer son montage dans une boîte à cigares ? »... Rémy Mallard démystifie l'électronique en n'utilisant que ce qu'il vous faut de théorie pour aborder joyeusement la pratique sans risque de faire de grosses bêtises. Vous apprendrez à identifier les composants et leur rôle (résistances, condensateurs, bobines, diodes, transistors, relais, commutateurs...) mais aussi à les récupérer, les tester et les ranger. Bientôt vous saurez lire un schéma, choisir vos outils et mettre en boîte vos montages. Rémy connaît toutes les astuces et vous révèle les pratiques à éviter. La matière de cet ouvrage, ce sont des montages simples et ludiques, réalisables sur des plaques d'expérimentation sans soudure: sirène, orgue, chenillard lumineux, interrupteur photosensible, thermomètre, alarme, générateur de picotements, indicateur de niveau de liquide, clignotant à vitesse variable selon la lumière ambiante, indicateur à fenêtre programmable, minuterie avec préavis d'extinction, chenillard de style K2000 (lumineux et sonore), gradateur de lumière à commande infrarouge... Vous commencerez par le code des couleurs et finirez par programmer des PIC !

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From SRPP and Mu-Follower to OTL Designs Tube amplifiers suffer from distortion. Fortunately, circuits such as the SRPP amplifier, mu-follower, and beta-follower produce minimal distortion even at output voltages of 50 to 100 Vpeak. These designs are often published with errors. Without a sound understanding of the theory, it is easy to arrive at a flawed design. In the first section of this book, we investigate the origin of distortion, while in the second we investigate the design of and SRPP and a mu-follower. On the internet we can find the most exotic designs. Evaluating them teaches us that these designs often make matters worse rather than better. In the chapter on incorrect SRPPs and mu-followers, we sometimes see bizarre and misguided designs where using a simple single-triode amplifier would perform much better. Push-pull output stages also exist. A great number of them are examined, and their similarity to the SRPP is discussed. This is done especially with the help of the theory behind the OTL based on the ‘mother’ of all OTLs, the Philips HF303. Finally, attention is given to frequency characteristics and technical matters such as the supply voltage and the filament power supply. To illustrate these points, there are a few designs covering the subjects discussed. This book presents much new theory that has not been published before. It is often an eye-opener, showing that many things have a beautiful and unexpected simplicity.

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Master digital electronics – the hands-on way! This bundle includes the book Learning Digital Electronics, featuring 20+ practical projects in Logic and Circuit design, as well as a 100-piece kit – so you can start building logic circuits, counters, displays, and more right away. Learning Digital Electronics (Book) This book is a practical guide to digital electronics, covering the essential components of modern digital systems: number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra, combinational and sequential logic, and more. Through more than 20 structured projects, you’ll design and build digital systems using real-world components such as logic gates, multiplexers, decoders, flip-flops, counters, and shift registers. The projects range from basic LED logic circuits to digital locks, display systems, traffic light controllers, and timing-based designs. Selected projects introduce the use of tools such as CircuitVerse for circuit simulation, while several designs make use of 74HC-series logic devices, commonly used in digital hardware prototyping. Inside, you’ll find: Clear coverage of number systems and binary arithmetic Logic gate fundamentals and universal gate implementations Step-by-step projects using flip-flops, counters, and registers Real-world design with 74HC-series logic chips Techniques for designing combinational and sequential systems This book takes a design-first, application-driven approach to digital electronics—built around working circuits, tested logic, and hands-on experimentation. Learning Digital Electronics (Kit) This kit has been specially developed to complement the book "Learning Digital Electronics". Since all necessary components are included, you can complete every practical project in the book directly. Kit contents 2x 74HC08 AND gate chip 2x 74HC00 NAND gate chip 1x 74HC86 XOR gate chip 1x 555 timer chip 1x 74HC161 counter chip 1x 74HC164 shift register 1x CD4511 7-segment decoder 1x CD4027 JK flip-flop 1x BC337 NPN transistor 1x KPS-5161 7-segment common-cathode display 1x Light dependent resistor (LDR) 4x 10 KΩ resistors 8x 1 KΩ resistor 2x 47 KΩ resistors 1x 100 KΩ resistor 4x 2.7 KΩ resistors 1x 5.6 KΩ resistor 1x 150 KΩ resistor 1x 10 μF capacitor 2x 0.01 μF capacitor 2x 100 nF capacitor 8x Small red LED 1x Small green LED 1x Small orange LED 4x Pushbutton switches 1x Active buzzer 1x Battery holder for 3x AA batteries (batteries not included) 1x Breadboard 40x Male-to-male jumper wires (length: 200 mm)

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