Practical Guide to Modular RF Design
Build Your Own Software-Defined Radio combines RF circuitry with hardware programming and PC-based signal processing. The e-book presents a modular approach to building a complete SDR system using RF Bricks – from the mechanical framework and RF modules to measurement tools, PC software, and FPGA implementations. Practical explanations guide readers through real signal paths, construction steps, and measurement routines, linking hardware and software into a flexible SDR platform.
Key topics include:
Mechanical setup: RF Brick template, chassis, and 19-inch module carrier
Bridges: USB isolator, I²C level shifter, I²C power switch, and practical examples
Signal-chain design with RF Bricks: antennas, band filters, NanoVNA work, preamplifiers, PLLs, demodulators, direct-conversion chains, multiband options, and narrowband bricks
RF measurement Bricks: single- and dual-tone sources, NPR methods, noise generators, notch filters, broadband amplifiers, and impedance bridges
Useful accessories: ATU-100 tuner, X-Phase QRM eliminator, and firmware notes
PC host software: SoapyAudio adjustments, GQRX, SDR++, and added functionality
GnuRadio elements: control blocks, SSB demodulation, GUI components, messaging, and filter handling
FPGA-based SDR: VHDL, toolchains, ADC/DAC blocks, oversampling, and a complete SSB/CW signal chain
With its modular structure and detailed working examples, this e-book offers a practical path to building and extending modern SDR systems.
Downloads
Software
Construisez votre station météo idéale ou explorez les données environnementales avec le monde entier. Avec de nombreux projets pratiques pour Arduino, Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU, ESP32 et autres cartes de développement.
Les stations météo jouissent d’une grande popularité depuis des décennies. Tous les magazines d’électronique, qu’ils soient récents ou non, ont publié et publient régulièrement des articles sur la construction d’une station météo. Au fil des années, elles sont devenues de plus en plus sophistiquées et peuvent aujourd’hui être entièrement intégrées dans la maison intelligente. Ceci implique toutefois souvent une fidélité à un fabricant de produits de marque (coûteux) pour tous les composants.
Cependant, avec votre propre station météo, vous pouvez facilement suivre le rythme et même capturer des relevés que les appareils commerciaux ne peuvent pas réaliser. Le plaisir ne manque pas : vous développerez de manière ludique vos connaissances en électronique, en cartes de développement de microcontrôleurs modernes et en langages de programmation. Pour moins de dix euros, vous pouvez collecter des données environnementales initiales et étendre votre système au fur et à mesure que votre intérêt grandit.
Dans ce numéro
Sur la route du vent et de la météo
Écran météo OpenWeatherMap à affichage fluorescent
Les composés organiques volatils dans l‘air que nous respirons
Travailler avec les capteurs MQ : mesurer le monoxyde de carbone
Détecteur de CO2 avec connexion IdO vers ThingSpeak
Un arrosage automatique pour vos plantes
Un climat intérieur sain : la température et l‘humidité de l‘air sont importants
Thermomètre avec tubes Nixie
Une maison météo rétro pour toute la famille
Mesurez la pression atmosphérique et la température avec précision
Un détecteur de coups de soleil
Capteur maison pour la durée d‘ensoleillement
Le smartphone l‘indique : brouillard ou bonne visibilité ?
Détecter les tremblements de terre
Les niveaux des cours d‘eau et des réservoirs
Évaluer la valeur du pH de l’eau
Détecter les rayonnements radioactifs
Avec le GPS, vous savez où se trouve votre capteur
Enregistrer les fichiers journaux avec horodatage sur des cartes SD
LoRaWAN, The Things Network et ThingSpeak
Exploiter la passerelle LoRaWAN pour le TTN
Affichage géant à led avec prévisions météo
The XIAO ESP32-C3 board combines the ultra-compact form factor of the XIAO series with the full capabilities of the ESP32-C3 chip, including integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0. This book is a comprehensive, hands-on guide to getting the most out of this powerful yet affordable development board.
The author takes readers from the fundamentals to advanced projects. Starting with LED blinking and dimming, the book progresses to ADC and PWM for precise sensor interfacing and PWM-controlled lighting effects before moving on to building practical, real-world applications, including:
A Wi-Fi weather station with an OLED display and real-time online weather data
An ultrasonic parking assistant with audible feedback
A refrigerator monitoring probe with climate sensing and Deep Sleep for years of battery operation
A retro Pong game controlled by a touch-free sensor
A microphone-based party app that responds to claps
And much more: lighting control, reaction-time measurement, mains frequency analysis, soil moisture sensing, ambient LED lighting, and 7-segment displays
Praktischer Einstieg mit Arduino, GnuRadio und FPGA
Das Thema „Software Defined Radio“ ist facettenreich: Neben der Schaltungstechnik ist auch eine Einarbeitung in die Programmierung von Hardware und PC wichtig. Ein schrittweises Vorgehen erleichtert Ihnen den Einstieg. Mit dem im Buch vorgestellten modularen „RF Bricks“-Konzept werden Sie zum Architekten Ihrer Signalkette. Auf einem Chassis angeordnet gewährleisten die Module einen soliden und gut abgeschirmten Aufbau, den Sie einfach verändern und mit eigenen Ideen anreichern können.
Der skalierbare Aufbau bildet Ihr Blockschaltbild auch mechanisch ab – die so gewonnene Übersicht kann in der Aus- und Weiterbildung nützlich sein. Ein Arduino in Ihrem Chassis kommuniziert nach einigen Anpassungen mit üblichen SDR-Programmen, z. B. SDRCPP, GQRX und CubicSDR auf einer Linux-Plattform. Damit können Sie Ihren Empfänger direkt per Mausklick abstimmen.
Wenn Sie Blockschaltbilder mögen, ist GnuRadio ein natürlicher Partner der „RF Bricks“. Mit einem selbst programmierten Python-Block gelingt Ihnen in GnuRadio die Fernsteuerung Ihres Empfängers. Im GnuRadio-Universum können Sie Ihre GUI stufenweise ausbauen, behalten dabei aber immer volle Kontrolle über die inneren Abläufe des Programms.
Mit einem FPGA können zeitaufwändige Operationen auch direkt in die Hardware verlagert werden. Sie bauen stufenweise einen Doppelsuperhet auf und entwickeln die Filterkoeffizienten für FIR-Filter mit Scilab. Das in VHDL realisierte Weaver-Schema rundet diesen Empfänger ab, der mit hoher Empfindlichkeit und Dynamik aufwarten kann.
Mit dem gewonnen Überblick und Ihrer neuen Hardware können Sie die einzelnen Aspekte des Themenkomplexes SDR beliebig weiter vertiefen.
Downloads
Software
Realize your own projects with the Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board
The microcontroller is probably the most fascinating subfield of electronics. Due to the multitude of functions, it combines on its chip, it is a universal multi-tool for developers to realize their projects. Practically every device of daily use today is controlled by a microcontroller. However, for an electronic layman, realizing his own ideas with a microcontroller has so far remained a pipe dream due to its complexity. The Arduino concept has largely simplified the use of microcontrollers, so that now even laymen can realize their own electronics ideas with a microcontroller.
Book & Hardware in the Bundle: 'Learning by Doing'
This book, which is included in the bundle, shows how you can realize your own projects with a microcontroller even without much experience in electronics and programming languages. It is a microcontrollers hands-on course for starters, because after an overview of the internals of the microcontroller and an introduction to the programming language C, the focus of the course is on the practical exercises. The reader acquires the necessary knowledge by 'learning by doing': in the extensive practical section with 12 projects and 46 exercises, what is learned in the front part of the book is underpinned with many examples. The exercises are structured in such a way that the user is given a task to solve using the knowledge built up in the theoretical part of the book. Each exercise is followed by a sample solution that is explained and commented on in detail, which helps the user to solve problems and compare it with his own solution.
Arduino IDE
The Arduino IDE is a software development environment that can be downloaded for free to your own PC and that contains the entire software package needed for your own microcontroller projects. You write your programs ('apps') with the IDE’s editor in the C programming language. You translate them into the bits and bytes that the microcontroller understands using the Arduino IDE's built-in compiler, and then load them into the microcontroller's memory on the Elektor Arduino MCCAB Nano Training Board via a USB cable.
Query or control external sensors, motors or assemblies
In addition to an Arduino Nano microcontroller module, the Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board contains all the components required for the exercises, such as light-emitting diodes, switches, pushbuttons, acoustic signal transmitters, etc. External sensors, motors or assemblies can also be queried or controlled with this microcontroller training system.
Specifications (Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board)
Power Supply
Via the USB connection of the connected PC or an external power supply unit (not included)
Operating Voltage
+5 Vcc
Input Voltage
All inputs
0 V to +5 V
VX1 and VX2
+8 V to +12 V (only when using an external power supply)
Hardware periphery
LCD
2x16 characters
Potentiometer P1 & P2
JP3: selection of operating voltage of P1 & P2
Distributor
SV4: Distributor for the operating voltagesSV5, SV6: Distributor for the inputs/outputs of the microcontroller
Switches and buttons
RESET button on the Arduino Nano module 6x pushbutton switches K1 ... K6 6x slide switches S1 ... S6 JP2: Connection of the switches with the inputs of the microcontroller
Buzzer
Piezo buzzer Buzzer1 with jumper on JP6
Indicator lights
11 x LED: Status indicator for the inputs/outputs LED L on the Arduino Nano module, connected to GPIO D13 JP6: Connection of LEDs LD10 ... LD20 with GPIOs D2 ... D12
Serial interfacesSPI & I²C
JP4: Selection of the signal at pin X of the SPI connector SV12 SV9 to SV12: SPI interface (3.3 V/5 V) or I²C interface
Switching output for external devices
SV1, SV7: Switching output (maximum +24 V/160 mA, externally supplied) SV2: 2x13 pins for connection of external modules
3x3 LED matrix(9 red LEDs)
SV3: Columns of the 3x3 LED matrix (outputs D6 ... D8) JP1: Connection of the rows with the GPIOs D3 ... D5
Software
Library MCCABLib
Control of hardware components (switches, buttons, LEDs, 3x3 LED matrix, buzzer) on the MCCAB Training Board
Operating Temperature
Up to +40 °C
Dimensions
100 x 100 x 20 mm
Specifications (Arduino Nano)
Microcontroller
ATmega328P
Architecture
AVR
Operating Voltage
5 V
Flash Memory
32 KB, of which 2 KB used by bootloader
SRAM
2 KB
Clock Speed
16 MHz
Analog IN Pins
8
EEPROM
1 KB
DC Current per I/O Pins
40 mA on one I/O pin, total maximum 200 mA on all pins together
Input Voltage
7-12 V
Digital I/O Pins
22 (6 of which are PWM)
PWM Output
6
Power Consumption
19 mA
Dimensions
18 x 45 mm
Weight
7 g
Included
Elektor Arduino Nano MCCAB Training Board
Arduino Nano
Book: Microcontrollers Hands-on Course for Arduino Starters
Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here.
Not a member yet? Click here.
electronica fast forward 2022 Start- & Scale-Up AwardsPreparations Speeding Up!
Bluetooth Low Energy with ESP32-C3 and ESP32You Don’t Always Need to Choose Wi-Fi!
Bluetooth Low Energy SnifferHacking a makerdiary nRF52840 MDK USB Dongle
Magic RGB LED CubeHardware Design Around an RP2040
Auto On/Off for Solder Paste Compressor
Elektor Video ContentLivestreams, Webinars, and Courses for Engineers and Pro Makers
Bicycle ElectrificationHands-On with an E-Bike Retrofit Kit
Starting Out in ElectronicsMultiplying Voltages
From Life’s ExperienceSidelines
Teensy 4.0Why Is This Board So Fast?
Audio Power Amplifier Simulation with TINAThe Try-Before-You-Build Approach
Develop and Operate Your LoRaWAN IoT NodesSample Chapter: Dragino LHT65, LDS01, and LDS02 LoRaWAN Modules
Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates and Readers’ Letters
5G Just for MeGaining Complete Control of 5G Deployments with Private Cellular Networks
Infographics 7-8/2022
How Does My Device Learn to Transmit?Applications with Wi-Fi Interfaces
Smartphones are the Heart of the IoT
Audio Spectrum Analyzer with DekatronsA New Way to Use Vintage Tubes
Sending Data to TelegramGet It Done with an ESP32 and a Few Parts
A Fliege Notch Filter for Audio MeasurementsMake Better Measurements with a Notch Filter
CO2 Meter TeardownIs It Hackable for Your Projects?
PUT-ting It All TogetherThe Programmable Unijunction Transistor Explained
Round Touchscreen for Raspberry PiHyperPixel 2.1 Round from Pimoroni
Remote Sensing with Connection Loss DetectionUsing nRF24L01+ Modules
Digital FM Receiver with Arduino and TEA5767Stayed Tuned with an Arduino Nano
Changing an OLED Interface from SPI to I²C
HomeLab ToursA Hobby Does Not Retire
A Decade of Ethics in ElectronicsTessel Renzenbrink Reflects on the Digital Society and More
HexadokuThe Original Elektorized Sudoku
Build your own AI microcontroller applications from scratch
The MAX78000FTHR from Maxim Integrated is a small development board based on the MAX78000 MCU. The main usage of this board is in artificial intelligence applications (AI) which generally require large amounts of processing power and memory. It marries an Arm Cortex-M4 processor with a floating-point unit (FPU), convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator, and RISC-V core into a single device. It is designed for ultra-low power consumption, making it ideal for many portable AI-based applications.
This book is project-based and aims to teach the basic features of the MAX78000FTHR. It demonstrates how it can be used in various classical and AI-based projects. Each project is described in detail and complete program listings are provided. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their applications. This book covers the following features of the MAX78000FTHR microcontroller development board:
Onboard LEDs and buttons
External LEDs and buttons
Using analog-to-digital converters
I²C projects
SPI projects
UART projects
External interrupts and timer interrupts
Using the onboard microphone
Using the onboard camera
Convolutional Neural Network
Theory, LTspice Simulation, and Hands-On Projects
MOSFETs are essential components in modern electronics, used in switching, amplification, motor control, power conversion, digital logic, and audio circuits. This book offers a practical introduction to MOSFET technology, combining clear explanations with LTspice simulations and hands-on projects.
Starting with semiconductor fundamentals, you will learn how MOSFETs operate, how they compare with BJTs, and how to apply them in real circuits. The book then progresses from basic switching applications to more advanced designs.
You will learn how to:
Understand N-channel and P-channel MOSFET operation
Work with cutoff, triode, and saturation regions
Simulate and analyze circuits using LTspice
Build switching circuits for LEDs, relays, buzzers, sensors, and motors
Create sensor circuits for light, temperature, touch, tilt, reed switches, and PIR motion detection
Control motors and fans using PWM and H-bridge circuits
Design MOSFET small-signal amplifiers
Build astable, Colpitts, Hartley, phase-shift, and Pierce oscillators
Experiment with MOSFET digital logic
Explore buck and boost DC-DC converters
Understand the basics of MOSFET audio power amplifiers
Written for engineers, students, and experienced makers, this book connects theory with simulation and practical construction, giving you the knowledge and experience to design and experiment with MOSFET circuits with confidence.
Build your own AI microcontroller applications from scratch
The MAX78000FTHR from Maxim Integrated is a small development board based on the MAX78000 MCU. The main usage of this board is in artificial intelligence applications (AI) which generally require large amounts of processing power and memory. It marries an Arm Cortex-M4 processor with a floating-point unit (FPU), convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator, and RISC-V core into a single device. It is designed for ultra-low power consumption, making it ideal for many portable AI-based applications.
This book is project-based and aims to teach the basic features of the MAX78000FTHR. It demonstrates how it can be used in various classical and AI-based projects. Each project is described in detail and complete program listings are provided. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their applications. This book covers the following features of the MAX78000FTHR microcontroller development board:
Onboard LEDs and buttons
External LEDs and buttons
Using analog-to-digital converters
I²C projects
SPI projects
UART projects
External interrupts and timer interrupts
Using the onboard microphone
Using the onboard camera
Convolutional Neural Network
Arduino-compatible, ESP32-controlled, 2-wheeled Balancing Robot
The Elektor Mini-Wheelie is an experimental autonomous self-balancing robot platform. Based on an ESP32-S3 microcontroller, the self-balancing robot is fully programmable using the Arduino environment and open-source libraries. Its wireless capabilities allow it to be controlled remotely over Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or ESP-NOW or to communicate with a user or even another robot.
An ultrasonic transducer is available for detecting obstacles. Its color display can be used for displaying cute facial expressions or, for the more down-to-earth users, cryptic debug messages.
The robot comes as a neat kit of parts that you must assemble yourself. Everything is included, even a screwdriver.
Note: The Mini-Wheelie is an educational development platform intended for learning, experimentation, and robotics development. It is not classified as a toy for children, and its features, documentation, and intended audience reflect this purpose. The product is aimed at students, educators, and developers who wish to explore robotics, programming, and hardware integration in an educational setting.
Specifications
ESP32-S3 microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
MPU6050 6-axis Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
Two independently controlled 12 V electric motors with tachometer
Ultrasonic transducer
2.9" TFT color display (320 x 240)
MicroSD card slot
Battery power monitor
3S rechargeable Li-Po battery (11.1 V/2200 mAh)
Battery charger included
Arduino-based open-source software
Dimensions (W x L x H): 23 x 8 x 13 cm
Included
1x ESP32-S3 Mainboard + MPU6050 module
1x LCD board (2.9 inch)
1x Ultrasonic sensor
1x Battery pack (2200 mAh)
1x Battery charger
1x Motor tyre kit
1x Case board
1x Acrylic board
1x Screwdriver
1x Protective strip
1x Flex cable B (8 cm)
1x Flex cable A (12 cm)
1x Flex cable C
4x Copper column A (25 mm)
4x Copper column B (55 mm)
4x Copper column C (5 mm)
2x Plastic nylon column
8x Screws A (10 mm)
24x Screws B (M3x5)
8x Nuts
24x Metal washers
2x Zip tie
1x MicroSD card (32 GB)
Downloads
Documentation
Design IoT Projects with Raspberry Pi, Arduino and ESP32 The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a major application area for embedded systems. As a result, more and more people are becoming interested in learning about embedded design and programming. Technical colleges and universities are moving away from legacy 8 and 16-bit microcontrollers and are introducing 32-bit embedded microcontrollers to their curriculums. Many IoT applications demand precision, high processing power, and low power consumption. Produced by IBM, Node-RED is an open-source visual editor for wiring the Internet of Things. Node-RED comes with a large number of nodes to handle a multitude of tasks. The required nodes are selected and joined together to perform a particular task. Node-RED is based on flow type programming where nodes are configured and joined together to form an application program. There are nodes for performing complex tasks, including web access, Twitter, E-mail, HTTP, Bluetooth, MQTT, controlling GPIO ports, etc. One particularly nice aspect of Node-RED is that the programmer does not need to learn how to write complex programs. For example, an email can be sent by simply joining nodes together and writing only a few lines of code. The aim of this book is to teach how Node-RED can be used in projects. The main hardware platform used with most of the projects in this book is Raspberry Pi 4. Chapters are included to show how Node-RED can be also be used with Arduino Uno, ESP32 DevKitC, and the ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller development boards.
Book: Mastering the Arduino Uno R4
Based on the low-cost 8-bit ATmega328P processor, the Arduino Uno R3 board is likely to score as the most popular Arduino family member, and this workhorse has been with us for many years. Eleven years later, the long-overdue successor, the Arduino Uno R4, was released. It is built around a 48 MHz, 32-bit Arm Cortex-M4 microcontroller and provides significantly expanded SRAM and Flash memory. Additionally, a higher-precision ADC and a new DAC are added to the design. The Uno R4 board also supports the CAN Bus with an interface.
Two versions of the board are available: Uno R4 Minima, and Uno R4 WiFi. This book is about using these new boards to develop many different and interesting projects with just a handful of parts and external modules. All projects described in the book have been fully tested on the Uno R4 Minima or the Uno R4 WiFi board, as appropriate.
The project topics include the reading, control, and driving of many components and modules in the kit as well as on the relevant Uno R4 board, including
LEDs
7-segment displays (using timer interrupts)
LCDs
Sensors
RFID Reader
4x4 Keypad
Real-time clock (RTC)
Joystick
8×8 LED matrix
Motors
DAC (Digital-to-analog converter)
LED matrix
WiFi connectivity
Serial UART
CAN bus
Infrared controller and receiver
Simulators
… all in creative and educational ways with the project operation and associated software explained in great detail.
Arduino Uno R4 WiFi
The Arduino Uno R4 is powered by the Renesas RA4M1 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 processor, providing a significant boost in processing power, memory, and functionality. The WiFi version comes with an ESP32-S3 WiFi module in addition to the RA4M1, expanding creative opportunities for makers and engineers.
The Arduino Uno R4 runs at 48 MHz, which provides a 3x increase over the popular Uno R3. Additionally, SRAM has been upgraded from 2 kB to 32 kB, and flash memory from 32 kB to 256 kB to support more complex projects. Responding to community feedback, the USB port is now USB-C, and the maximum power supply voltage has been raised to 24 V with an enhanced thermal design. The board includes a CAN bus and an SPI port, enabling users to reduce wiring and perform parallel tasks by connecting multiple shields. A 12-bit analog DAC is also provided on the board.
Specifications
Microcontroller
Renesas RA4M1 (ARM Cortex-M4)
USB
USB-C
Programming Port
Pins
Digital I/O Pins
14
Pins
Analog input pins
6
DAC
1
RTC
1
PWM pins
6
Communication
UART
1x
I²C
1x
SPI
1x
Qwiic I²C connector
1x
CAN
1x CAN Bus
Power
Circuit operating voltage
5 V
Input voltage (VIN)
6-24 V
DC Current per I/O Pin
8 mA
Clock speed
Main core
48 MHz
Memory
RA4M1
256 kB Flash, 32 kB RAM
LED Matrix
12 x 8 (96 red LEDs)
Dimensions
68.9 x 53.4 mm
Downloads
Datasheet
Schematics
This bundle contains:
Book: Mastering the Arduino Uno R4 (normal price: €45)
Arduino Uno R4 WiFi (normal price: €30)