Der simpel „Stromversorgung“ genannte Schaltungsteil wird sowohl bei der Entwicklung als auch bei der Reparatur von Elektronik enorm unterschätzt. Dabei ist die Vielfalt bei Netzteilen oder neudeutsch „PSU“ enorm. Es gibt sie in den unterschiedlichsten Ausführungen: mit Gleich- oder Wechselspannung, als Generator, Akku oder Batterie, als Solar-Panel, extern oder eingebaut, linear oder „geschaltet“ – um nur einige zu nennen. Auch die Leistungsbereiche sind enorm: von Nano-Ampere bis Kilo-Ampere – dasselbe gilt für Spannungen. Bei der konkreten Umsetzung kann man zwischen ICs oder diskreten Bauteilen, zwischen fertigem Gerät bzw. Modul oder der Realisation aus selbstverlöteten Bauteilen wählen.
Dieses Special deckt die wichtigsten Merkmale und Gestaltungsaspekte von Stromversorgungen ab.
Inhalt
Grundlagen
BatteriemanagementWas man beim Einsatz von (Lithium-)Akkus beachten muss.
Festspannungsnetzgerät mit LinearreglerDas beste Ergebnis gleich nach den Batterien.
Lichtenergie sammelnWie man ein Solarmodul für ein Energy-Harvesting-Projekt verwenden kann.
Netzbetriebene VersorgungsgeräteBasis-schaltungen und Tipps für Transformatoren, Gleichrichtung, Siebung und Stabilisierung.
SanftanlaufDer hohe Einschaltstrompuls sollte vermieden werden.
Steuerbare GleichrichterEinige Vorschläge um die Verlustleistung im Längsregler möglichst gering zu halten.
Komponenten
Arbeitsblatt: Spannungsreglerserie LM117 / LM217 / LM317
Supercaps
Reviews
Labornetzteil-Kit Joy-iT RD6006
Elektronische Last Siglent SDL1020X-E
Projekte
Balkon-KraftwerkSelbst installiert = schnell amortisiert!
DIY-LiPo-Supercharger-KitVom Prototyp zum Massenmarkt.
Doppelanoden-MOSFET-ThyristorSchneller und effizienter als herkömmliche SCRs.
Batterie-EntsafterNicht wegwerfen, ausquetschen!
Hochspannungsnetzteil mit KennlinienschreiberSpannungen bis 400 V einstellen und Kennlinien für Röhren und Transistoren erstellen.
HochspannungsnetzteilFür RIAA-Röhrenvorverstärker und andere Anwendungen.
MicroSupplyEine Laborstromversorgung für universelle Anwendungen.
Phantom-Speisung mit geschalteten KondensatorenSpannungsverdreifachung mit zwei ICs.
Das SMPS800RE Schaltnetzteil für den Elektor Fortissimo-100Zuverlässig, leicht und erschwinglich.
SoftstartSchont das Netzgerät und die Last.
UniLab 2Geschaltetes Labornetzteil 0…30 V/3 A
Tipps
Softstart für Step-Down-Schaltregler
Stromabschaltung mit minimalen Verlusten
Powerbank-Geheimnisse
Künstliche Masse
Akku-Erfrischer
Akkupack-Entlader
Parallelschaltung von Spannungsreglern
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OBD2 Sensor DashboardOld Dials Sparked a Quest for Real Data
OBD2: Add a Rev Counter and Gear Shift Indicator to Your CarRetro, but Super Useful
LiDAR and Vision Sensors for Robotics
Sensor+Test 2025 and PCIM 2025
Contact-Free E-Field Measurements (1)A Vibrating Membrane for Assessing DC Voltages or Static Electric Fields
Wireless Mailbox NotifierFrom Optical Sensors to Radar, Exploring a Few Options
Elektor Mini-WheelieA Self-Balancing Robot
Solar CellsPeculiar Parts, the Series
Getting Started With a Modern Radar SensorIs an Accurate Measurement on Your Radar?
From Life’s ExperiencePaper Factory
CybersecurityTough Times for Hackers
Siglent Presents Next-Gen Multi-Channel OscilloscopesHigh-Performance Solutions for Modern Power and Embedded Systems
Bluetooth 6.0 Brings Enhanced Distance-Ranging ApplicationsNew Version Offers Improved Device Positioning and Location Services
Exploring Wireless Communication with BeagleY-AI
Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters
Starting Out in Electronics……Concludes the Topic on Opamps
A Powerful AI Code AssistantSpeed Up Your Development with Continue and Visual Studio Code
Solar Charge Controller with MPPT (2)The Circuit
Ultrasonic Obstacle DetectorA Simple Project to Help Those with Impaired Vision
2025: An AI OdysseyMid-Year Review
Raspberry Pi Standalone MIDI Synthesizer (3)Making It Smarter and Adding a User Interface
Meshtastic: A Demo ProjectAn Intelligent Mesh of LoRa Radios
Analog Audio Frequency GeneratorHigh-Quality Adjustable Frequency Sine Wave Generator
Concrétisez vos rêves, réalisez les projets les plus fous : un odomètre pour la roue de votre hamster, la surveillance complètement automatisée de votre fourmilière avec interface web, ou le Sandwich-O-Mat ? une machine qui grille les sandwichs de votre choix.
Avec les cartes Arduino et le mouvement DIY (« fais-le toi-même ») ou maker, se mettre à programmer des microcontrôleurs est devenu un jeu d?enfant. Une deuxième révolution a eu lieu : des développeurs ingénieux ont mis sur le marché de petites cartes ? appelées « shields » ou modules ? qui simplifient considérablement l?utilisation d?autres dispositifs. Ces petits modules contiennent tous les composants électroniques nécessaires pour la connexion au microcontrôleur ; quelques fils avec des fiches suffisent pour le raccordement, ce qui évite d?avoir à câbler et fait gagner du temps. En outre, il est également possible de manipuler de minuscules composants dépourvus de pattes de connexion (ceux de type CMS).
Projets
Arduino et le monde extérieur
Capteur BMP180, introduction aux bibliothèques et à l?I²C
Initiation aux entrées/sorties avec un shield polyvalent
Adaptateur I²C pour LCD et afficheurs à matrice de points
Shield clavier & LCD
Convertisseur de niveau
W5100 : connexion à internet
Shields d?extension des entrées/sorties
Relais et relais statiques
Shield multifonction : unité de commande universelle
Connexion d?un lecteur de carte SD par SPI
Touches et afficheurs à 7 segments
Convertisseur analogique/numérique à 16 bits
Convertisseur numérique/analogique MCP4725
Pilote de servomoteurs à 16 voies PWM
Lecteur MP3
Enregistreur de données GPS avec stockage sur carte SD
Capteur tactile
Joystick
SHT31 : température et humidité
Capteur d?UV-A VEML6070
Temps de vol VL53L0X
Mesure de distance à ultrasons
Afficheur matriciel à LED à base de MAX7219
Horloge en temps réel DS3231
Circuit d?extension de port MCP23017
Communication radio à 433 MHz
Gyroscope MPU-6050
Accéléromètre ADXL345
LED RVB WS2812
Cartes d?alimentation
Capteurs de gaz MQ-xx
Capteur de dioxyde de carbone (CO2)
Capteur de courant ACS712
Capteur de courant INA219
Pilote de moteur L298
Kit RFID MFRC522
Moteur pas à pas 28BYJ-48
Carte avec pilote de moteur ultra-silencieux TMC2209
Potentiomètre numérique X9C10x
Écran couleur TFT avec contrôleur/pilote ST7735
Écran à encre électronique
Module Bluetooth
Compteur Geiger
Module GSM SIM800L
Multiplexeur I²C
Module CAN (Controller Area Network)
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Tiny Solar SupplySunlight In, 3.3 V Out
Solid-State Stereo Audio SwitchFree of Clicks and Moving Parts
Large RGB DigitWith Through-Hole WS2812 LEDs
Microphone Preamplifier with 48-V Phantom Power DistributionGreat for Podcasting and Pro Audio
Square Wave Generators with Duty Cycle and Frequency ControlsSimple Circuits with CMOS and TTL ICs
Simple Dynamic CompressorWith Soft Control and Warm Sound
Simple Electronic Lock
Active RectifierA solution or 2…40 V at up to 3 A with Reverse Current Suppression
On / Off Switching System for Active Boxes
Unbalanced/Balanced ConverterWith RFI Filter and DC Protection
2023: An AI OdysseyWhere Did It Come From? Where Is It Going?
Speed Controller for Fan or VentilatorWith Manual and Thermostat Modes
The Latest from Arduino Project HubNew Projects from the Community
Power Overload MonitorMonitor Power Lines for Excessive Current
Blink in the Dark Without TransistorsAn Oscillator with Only Two-Terminal Parts
Morse Code GeneratorUse It as Beacon or Learning Device!
Programmable Video DACHandles Any Format up to RGB888
A T(eeny) Tiny PianoWithout Moving Parts
Dual Dice without MCUDual Dice on a Single PCB – Plus Some Design Tricks
Electronic Scarecrow
Circuits to Amuse, Inspire, and Amaze
LC-LP-HA ThermometerAccurate Measurements and a Binary Display
THD GeneratorGenerating Distortion on Purpose
Thyristor-Based Overtemperature IndicatorElectronic Components Used Unconventionally
PTC Fuse Flip-Flop
Funny BirdA Chirping Elektor Classic
Neon Lamp with a Microcontroller
Temperature-Stabilized IC Current SourceNeutralizing the Temperature Drift of Integrated Current Sources
Second-Order Adjustable Treble BoostA Special Hearing Aid for the Elderly
Edwin Comes HomeA Look Back After 53 Years
One-Armed BanditA Simple, Fun, Nostalgic, and Educational Elektor Classic!
Simple Digitally Controlled Variable Resistor
Water Leak ProtectionSafeguard and Alarm for Water Leaks
Eco-Timer with Auto-ShutdownNeeds 0.0 mW in Off Mode!
ChatGPT and Arduino
ZD MeterMeasuring Z Voltages of Z Diodes ≤ 100 V
Servo Tester
ESP32 Windows Controller with Free Software
Analog and Mixed-Signal ICs by MicrochipLow-Consumption Power Management and Signal Processing
Interface StandardsFilter and Surge Protection for the I²C Bus
Li-Ion Battery MonitorResidual Charge Indicator Provides Visual Feedback
PS/2 Mouse As Rotary Encoder (and More…)
Simple Twilight Switchfor Retrofitting Lamps or Installations
Water Pump ControllerPrepare Yourself Against Rising Water Levels
Solar-Powered Christmas FM Radio BallAll You Want for Christmas Is This
Vibration Sensor with RelayTap or Shake to Switch On
Continuity TesterSensitive and Unintrusive
Power On/Off with a Pushbutton
Mini-Drill Power Control 2023A Revision of a Design from 1980
Digital Vibration SensorTurn Vibrations into Precisely Timed Pulses
Reverse-Polarity Protection with Low Voltage Drop
A Low-Cost Frequency Standard
Tiny DCF77 SimulatorAn Accurate Fake-Time Standard
The Lilygo T-PicoC3Combines RP2040 and ESP32-C3 with Full Color-TFT Display
This book is all about building your own DIY home control system. It presents two innovative ways to assemble such a system: By recycling old PC hardware – possibly extending the life of an old PC, or by using Raspberry Pi. In both cases, the main system outlined in this book will consist of a computer platform, a wireless mains outlet, a controller and a USB webcam – All linked together by Linux.
By using the Raspberry Pi in conjunction with Arduino (used as an advanced I/O system board), it is possible to construct a small, compact, embedded control system offering enhanced capacity for USB integration, webcams, thermal monitoring and communication with the outside world.
The experience required to undertake the projects within this book are minimal exposure to PC hardware and software, the ability to surf the internet, burn a CD-ROM and assemble a small PCB.
The SQ series of handsfree PCBite probes from Sensepeek are insulated, come with included color-coded cable holders and have a lower point of gravity making them even more stable compared with the original SP series of probes. All the loved features of handsfree measurement, exchangeable fine pitch spring tipped test needle and the minimalistic design is maintained to make traditional sized and handheld probes obsolete.
Features
All handsfree probes from Sensepeek makes instant measurements or long triggering sessions a breeze.
No more soldering wires to connect your probe or complicated tools to setup, just positioning the probe needle on any test point or component in the signal path and release.
Saves time and frustration during development, verification and repairs.
The minimalist design and the spring-loaded test needle makes it possible to simultaneously measure on fine pitch components and nearby signals.
Both length and weight of the SQ probes are perfectly balanced to be used with the included PCB holders and base plate which is a must for handsfree function.
The probe holder comes with a powerful magnet in the base, as for all PCBite probes and holders which makes the probe easy to place and reposition.
The SQ series of probes can be used handheld without the probe holder as they have an insulated grip but their full potential is used when measuring handsfree.
One side of the included baseplate is matte and the other is mirror polished. The mirror polished surface makes it easy to see components on the circuit board underside. For added protection during measurement the included insulation cover can be mounted on one of the surfaces.
Included
4x PCBite PCB holders
1x Set of yellow insulation washers for the PCB holders
1x Large Base plate (A4)
1x Insulation cover for the base plate (A4)
1x Micro fiber cloth
4x SQ10 probes and pin tipped test needles (black)
2x Banana to dupont test wires (red/black)
5x Dupont to dupont test wires
1x Set of cable holders (4 colors)
4x Extra test needles
Downloads
User guide (PCBite kit)
User guide (SQ10 probes)
Your First Steps with an ESP32-C3 and the IoTA Wi-Fi Button and Relay IoT Cloud a la Arduino
Dual Geiger-Müller Tube Arduino ShieldA High Sensitivity, Very Low-Power Radiation Sensor
CO2 GuardA DIY Approach to Monitoring Air Quality
MonkMakes Air Quality Kit for Raspberry PiMeasures Temperature and eCO2
Starting Out in ElectronicsWelcome to the Diode
Tips & Tricks for Testing ComponentsNo Expensive Equipment Required
Reducing the Power Consumption of Your Mole RepellerAn ATtiny13 Replaces a 555
Light Switch DeLuxA Solution for High-Precision Light-Controlled Switching
The Challenges in Bringing IoT Solutions to MarketWorries Around Security, Scalability, and Competition Infographics 5-6/2022
Preferably Wired After AllTips for Developing a 1 Gbit/s Interface in an Industrial Environment Bringing Real-Time Object Detection to MCUs with Edge Impulse FOMO
Traveling-Wave TubesPeculiar Parts, the Series
Narrowband Internet of ThingsStandards, Coverage, Agreements, and Modules
Dragino LPS8 Indoor GatewaySpeedy LoRaWAN Gateway Setup
Explore ATtiny Microcontrollers Using C and Assembly LanguageSample Chapter: ATtiny I/O Ports
Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates and Readers’ Letters
LoRa GPS Tracker UpdateReceive and Show Location Using a Raspberry Pi
Circuit Simulation with TINA Design Suite & TINACloudSample Chapter: Sinusoidal Oscillators
From Life’s ExperienceAssembly Line Work
The WinUI Graphics Framework for Windows AppsA Small Demo Application
GUIs with PythonWorst GUI of the world
Off-Grid Solar SystemsElectrical Energy Independent of the Mains Grid
The 10-Year SmartphoneRenew Your Expectations
HexadokuThe Original Elektorized Sudoku
Elektor GREEN en GOLD leden kunnen deze uitgave hier downloaden.Nog geen lid? Klik hier om een lidmaatschap af te sluiten.
Cloc 2.0de wekker die je altijd al wilde hebben
PIO in de praktijkexperimenten met de programmeerbare I/O van de RP2040
Armeluis chiptweakerwe krijgen je wel (goedkoop) aan de praat...
Echte USB-toevalsgeneratortwee PIC’s voor de prijs van één AVR
Pimp my mike...opvoeren doe je zelf
FFT met Maixduinofrequentiespectra vastleggen
Uit het leven gegrepenontwerp(on)logica
UCN5804 stappenmotordrivervreemde onderdelen
Simuleren met Micro-Capeerste stappen in een complexe wereld
PAUL Award 2022jonge technische talenten en hun creatieve ontwerpen
Mijn eerste Software Defined Radioin minder dan 15 minuten klaar
Microcontroller-documentatie verklaarddeel 1: de opzet van een datasheet
Hoe verder met AI en embedded systems?tools, platforms – en worden schrijvers obsoleet?
Digitalisering van verticale landbouw
Elektor Infographicsembedded en AI vandaag – en morgen
Een introductie tot TinyML
Casestudy KwickPOS
High-performance in elke klassecomputer-on-module standaarden
Alle begin......wordt eindelijk actief!
I²C-communicatie met Node.js en een Raspberry Pibekijk sensordata in een browser
Video-output met microcontrollers (2)VGA en DVI
Het Metronom real-time besturingssysteemeen RTOS voor AVR-processoren
DVI op de RP2040vraaggesprek met Luke Wren, chipontwikkelaar bij Raspberry Pi
Display-HAT Minitoont het weer op de Raspberry Pi
De WEEF 2022 Awardshet goede vieren
Hexadoku
Build your own AI microcontroller applications from scratch
The MAX78000FTHR from Maxim Integrated is a small development board based on the MAX78000 MCU. The main usage of this board is in artificial intelligence applications (AI) which generally require large amounts of processing power and memory. It marries an Arm Cortex-M4 processor with a floating-point unit (FPU), convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator, and RISC-V core into a single device. It is designed for ultra-low power consumption, making it ideal for many portable AI-based applications.
This book is project-based and aims to teach the basic features of the MAX78000FTHR. It demonstrates how it can be used in various classical and AI-based projects. Each project is described in detail and complete program listings are provided. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their applications. This book covers the following features of the MAX78000FTHR microcontroller development board:
Onboard LEDs and buttons
External LEDs and buttons
Using analog-to-digital converters
I²C projects
SPI projects
UART projects
External interrupts and timer interrupts
Using the onboard microphone
Using the onboard camera
Convolutional Neural Network
Practical Multitasking Fundamentals
Programming embedded systems is difficult because of resource constraints and limited debugging facilities. Why develop your own Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) as well as your application when the proven FreeRTOS software is freely available? Why not start with a validated foundation?
Every software developer knows that you must divide a difficult problem into smaller ones to conquer it. Using separate preemptive tasks and FreeRTOS communication mechanisms, a clean separation of functions is achieved within the entire application. This results in safe and maintainable designs.
Practicing engineers and students alike can use this book and the ESP32 Arduino environment to wade into FreeRTOS concepts at a comfortable pace. The well-organized text enables you to master each concept before starting the next chapter. Practical breadboard experiments and schematics are included to bring the lessons home. Experience is the best teacher.
Each chapter includes exercises to test your knowledge. The coverage of the FreeRTOS Application Programming Interface (API) is complete for the ESP32 Arduino environment. You can apply what you learn to other FreeRTOS environments, including Espressif’s ESP-IDF. The source code is available from GitHub. All of these resources put you in the driver’s seat when it is time to develop your next uber-cool ESP32 project.
What you will learn:
How preemptive scheduling works within FreeRTOS
The Arduino startup “loopTask”
Message queues
FreeRTOS timers and the IDLE task
The semaphore, mutex, and their differences
The mailbox and its application
Real-time task priorities and its effect
Interrupt interaction and use with FreeRTOS
Queue sets
Notifying tasks with events
Event groups
Critical sections
Task local storage
The gatekeeper task
Elektor GREEN and GOLD members can download their digital edition here.
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Relio v1.0 - Presence Detection and Remote ControlA Matter-Enabled Smart Controller for AC Appliances
Designing Better PCBsA Practical Guide for Professionals and Makers
KiCad 9Top New and Updated Features
Precision Picoammeter (1)With Curve Tracer Functionality Down to the pA range!
Christmas Star 2025A Star Is Soldered
100 mV Continuity Tester
Who’s Pushing the Boundaries of European Electronics?Companies to Watch
productronica 2025: What’s New in Electronics Development and Production
Automation to Tackle Reshoring Manufacturing, Tariffs and Labour Shortages
Beyond Future ProofCircularity in Electronics
Passive ComponentsLow-Loss Inductors Enabling High-Efficiency DC/DC Converters
How Desktop Manufacturing Machines Are Democratizing PCB Production
Starting Out in Electronics...Needs Power
UHD Displays Driven with EaseYour Guide to Easily Put Various TFT-LCDs Into Operation Quickly
Soldering in 2025Practical Soldering Tips Straight from the Workbench
SimulIDEAn All-in-One Tool for Circuit Prototyping
2025: An AI OdysseyFrom Autocomplete to Colleague
Wordy Christmas TreeA Festive Electronics Project with a Linguistic Twist
Err-lectronicsCorrections, Updates, and Readers’ Letters
Analog Pipeline DistortionA Cool Audio Effect For Guitars and Other Instruments
ESP32 Audio Transceiver Board (Part 3)Stereo Transmission and Dual Radio
The OWON SDS1102 is an affordable benchtop digital oscilloscope that combines solid performance with essential measurement features. This 2-channel oscilloscope offers a 100 MHz bandwidth, a 1 GS/s sampling rate, a 7-inch LCD display, and a 10 kpts memory depth, making it a practical choice for everyday electronics testing, troubleshooting, and education.
The SDS1102 features a simplified trigger system with level and edge triggering, making it easy to capture and analyze common signals. It is designed for applications that do not require deep memory or advanced trigger functions, offering a straightforward and cost-effective solution for basic signal analysis.
Features
Bandwidth: 100 MHz
2 channels
Sample rate: 1 GS/s
Ultra-thin body
7-inch high-res LCD
SCPI and LabVIEW supported
Specifications
Bandwidth
100 MHz
Horizontal Scale (s/div)
5 ns/div – 1000 s/div
Channel
2
Vertical Sensitivity
5 mV/div – 5 V/div (at input)
DC Gain Accuracy
3%
Vertical Resolution (A/D)
8 bits (2 channels simultaneously)
Input
Input Impedance
1 MΩ, 10 pF
Input Coupling
AC, DC, GND
Max Input Voltage
±400 V, CATI, CATII
Passive probes
х1; х10
Probe Attenuation Factor
х1; х10; х100; х1000
Trigger System
Trigger Mode
Auto, Normal, Single
Trigger Type
Edge, Video
Edge Trigger Source
CH1, CH2
Video Trigger
Sampling Type
Real-time
Sample Rate
1 GS/s
Equivalent Sample Rate
No
Wavelength
10K pts
Interpolation
sin(x)/x
Measurement and Mathematical Treatment System
Automatic Measurement
Vpp, Vavg, RMS, Frequency, Period, Vmax, Vmin, Vtop, Vbase, Width, Overshoot, Pre-shootRise time, Fall time, +Width, -Width, +Duty, -Duty, Delay A→B, Delay A→B, area, cycle area
Math Functions
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, FFT
General Characteristics
Display type
7" color LCD
Display Resolution
800 x 480
Power
100-240 V, 45-440 Hz, <15 W
Dimensions
301 x 70 x 152 mm
Weight
1.1 kg
Included
1x OWON SDS1102 Oscilloscope
2x Oscilloscope probes
1x Probe adjust
1x Mains power cord
1x USB cable
1x CD-Rom
1x Quick guide
Downloads
Quick Guide
Manual
PC Software
SCPI Commands