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LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT & LTE-M Compared The Internet of Things depends on a critical question. How do you connect devices that must operate for years on tiny batteries, often miles from the nearest power outlet? This Elektor Technical Brief provides a practical guide to the technologies that have become the backbone of long-range, low-power IoT connectivity. Compiled by the Elektor Content Team, this concise technical brief examines the real engineering tradeoffs behind today’s leading Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies: LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and LTE-M. By referencing a wide range of Elektor articles and other online content, this document explains why link budget, noise, bandwidth, and power consumption ultimately determine system performance. From there, it explores the architectures, strengths, limitations, and deployment realities of each major LPWAN technology, helping you understand not just how they work, but when and why to use them. Whether you’re designing smart meters, industrial sensors, agricultural monitoring systems, asset trackers, or connected infrastructure, this guide provides the insights needed to make informed connectivity decisions. Along the way, you’ll discover: Why LPWAN technologies emerged and where they fit in the IoT landscape The RF fundamentals that drive range, reliability, and battery life Details about LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and LTE-M Practical comparisons of power, coverage, latency, cost, and deployment models Guidance for selecting the right LPWAN technology for your application Emerging trends shaping the future of long-range IoT connectivity Clear, accessible, and grounded in real engineering practice, this Technical Brief helps you move beyond specifications and marketing claims to understand what matters most. If you’re building connected products that need to survive in the field — not just in the lab — this is the LPWAN guide you’ll want at your side. Elektor helped launch the first wave of electronics makers in 1961. Since then, our global community has grown by hundreds of thousands of active members (comprising professional engineers, makers, and students) and more than 500 contributing experts. Every day, we inspire members to design and earn money with electronics.

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For Speed, Area, Power, and Reliability This book teaches the fundamentals of FPGA operation, covering basic CMOS transistor theory to designing digital FPGA chips using LUTs, flip-flops, and embedded memories. Ideal for electrical engineers aiming to design large digital chips using FPGA technology. Discover: The inner workings of FPGA architecture and functionality. Hardware Description Languages (HDL) like Verilog and VHDL. The EDA tool flow for converting HDL source into a functional FPGA chip design. Insider tips for reliable, low power, and high performance FPGA designs. Example designs include: Computer-to-FPGA UART serial communication. An open-source Sump3 logic analyzer implementation. A fully functional graphics controller. What you need: Digilent BASYS3 or similar FPGA eval board with an AMD/Xilinx FPGA. Vivado EDA tool suite (available for download from AMD website free of charge). Project source files available from author’s GitHub site.

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Le téléchargement intégral de ce numéro est disponible pour nos membres GOLD et GREEN sur le site Elektor Magazine ! Pas encore membre ? Cliquez ici. PbMonitor v1.0Un système de surveillance des batteries pour les applications à onduleurs et de stockage d'énergie contrôleur de charge solaire avec MPPT (1)Principes de base d'un contrôleur de charge solaire pour les systèmes autonomes magnétomètre à intégration du champ et capteurs artisanaux exactitude, ou précision ?vos appareils doivent posséder les deux ! AD7124 : un C/AN de précision en pratiqueFeatures for Sensor Signal Conditioning outil de contrôle PIDOptimisez facilement vos paramètres embedded world 2025 démarrer en électronique...…contrôle de la tonalité Academy Pro BoxLivre + cours en ligne + matériel adaptateur Milliohm-mètreUtilisant la précision de votre multimètre Un nouveau jalon dans le domaine des semi-conducteursEn route vers le 1,4 nm Connecteurs à technologie traversanteLe meilleur des deux mondes : THR fréquencemètrePortable et auto-calibré par GPS compteurs analogiquesDrôles de composants, la série testeur de quartz autonomeQuelle est la précision de votre source d'horloge ? testeur I²C peu couteuxconnecter des appareils I²C directement à votre PC sur le vifbienvenue chez les Pt’tites 2025 : une odyssée de l'IAL'impact transformateur sur le développement de logiciels projet 2.0Corrections, mises à jour, et courrier des lecteurs synthétiseur MIDI autonome Raspberry Pi (2)Améliorons notre configuration avec l’Intelligence oscillateur à pont de Wien "nortonisé"Petite cause, grand effet tester un microcontrôleur à 0,10 $Le microcontrôleur CH32V003 RISC-V et MounRiver Studio en pratique un lecteur audio avec égaliseur basé sur un FPGA (2)Ajout d'un réglage du volume, d'un mixage avancé et d'une interface Web

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Principles, Systems, and Electronics This handbook provides a detailed study of the sensors and actuators at the heart of modern vehicle electronics. It begins with basic electrical and electronic concepts, introducing the principles and terminology essential for understanding automotive systems. The book explores sensors and actuators on a system-by-system basis, including: Fundamentals of electrical engineering, electromagnetic phenomena, and motor principles Passive and active electronic components, integrated circuits, protection devices, and automotive-grade electronics Sensor characteristics, signal conditioning, ADCs, PWM and frequency outputs, and interface adaptation Automotive communication links and protocols, including LIN and SENT Engine sensors: air mass, pressure, temperature, speed, position, exhaust and emissions-related sensors Transmission sensors for manual and automatic systems Steering and suspension sensors for conventional and active systems Vehicle body and electrical system sensors for comfort, climate, access, and monitoring functions Engine actuators such as throttle bodies, injectors, turbo actuators, EGR systems, ignition components, and pumps Transmission, brake, steering, suspension, and body actuators Identification and coding of electronic components and packages commonly used in automotive applications The structure and operating principles of each component are explained, with relevant electronic circuitry illustrated. Its system-oriented organization and practical focus make it a valuable reference for understanding, testing, and troubleshooting automotive electronic systems.

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Réalisés par les créateurs du MagPi, le magazine officiel de Raspberry Pi Démarrez avec le Raspberry Pi 5, le dernier-né et le plus performant de la famille des nano-ordinateurs Raspberry Pi. Apprenez à coder et à réaliser des projets avec cet ordinateur étonnant. Dans ce manuel dédié au Raspberry Pi 5, nous vous proposons aussi de nombreuses idées de projets également réalisables avec le Raspberry Pi 4, le Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W et le Raspberry Pi Pico W. Avec des tutoriels, des projets pratiques, des essais techniques, des guides et bien plus encore, il s’agit de la ressource ultime pour le Raspberry Pi ! 228 pages sur le Raspberry Pi Tout ce que vous devez savoir sur le Raspberry Pi 5 Prise en main de tous les Raspberry Pi Amusez-vous et apprenez l’électronique avec le Pico W Des projets inspirants pour vous donner des idées de réalisations Apprenez μPython en construisant une mini-console Démarrez avec le module caméra Raspberry Pi Intelligence artificielle, codage de son propre agent ChatGP

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Met de Raspberry Pi heeft u voor slechts een paar tientjes een complete computer in handen, waar op eenvoudige wijze allerlei elektronica aangesloten kan worden. In deze 2e herziene en uitgebreide versie gaan we in op een van de sterke kanten van de Raspberry Pi: de combinatie van programmeren en elektronica. Na een korte introductie van de Raspberry Pi wordt de benodigde software geïnstalleerd. Op de SD-kaart die u bij dit boek kunt aanschaffen, is die allemaal al aanwezig voor de Raspberry Pi. Aan de (optionele) Windows PC kant gebeurt dit met gratis software die u kunt downloaden. Daarna volgt een beknopte inleiding in het besturingssysteem Linux en gaan we programmeren in Bash, Python en JavaScript. De nadruk ligt hierbij op Python, maar in alle gevallen houden we het kort. We bespreken net voldoende zodat u de projecten kunt begrijpen en aan uw wensen aanpassen, en gaan dan aan de slag met leuke projecten. Maar liefst 45 spannende en interessante projecten worden in detail besproken en uitgelegd. Van wisselknipperlicht, aansluiten van een elektromotor, het verwerken en maken van analoge signalen tot lichtmeter en temperatuurregeling. Maar ook gecompliceerdere projecten zoals een motorsnelheidsregeling, webserver met CGI, client-server applicaties en Xwindows programma‘s. U kunt dit boek gebruiken als projecten boek en de projecten nabouwen en in de praktijk inzetten. Door de duidelijke uitleg, schema‘s en foto‘s van de opstellingen op een steekbord wordt het nabouwen een erg leuke bezigheid. RPi Alle software voor de RPi is voorgeïnstalleerd op een SD-kaart die u bij dit boek kunt aanschaffen. Dat wil zeggen dat alle software en drivers voor SSH, SPI, I²C, GPIO, PWM, muziek, Python Ontwikkelversie, wxPython, IdleX en de seriële verbinding gegarandeerd werken. Tevens staan alle broncodes van de projecten uitdit boek op deze kaart. Windows-PC In het gratis download-pakket dat bij dit boek hoort, vindt u de software die in dit boek gebruikt wordt op de Windows-PC handig bij elkaar in een enkel ZIP-bestand. Alle software is gratis. Tevens bevat het pakket een filmpje van de Nutteloze Doos (Useless Machine) van project 13.4. Software download-pakket WinOscillo Putty Xming WinSCP DiskImager Notepad2 IdleX Useless Box film

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Projects Using Arduino IDE and the LVGL Graphics Library The ESP32 is probably one of the most popular microcontrollers used by many people, including students, hobbyists, and professional engineers. Its low cost, coupled with rich features makes it a popular device to use in many projects. Recently, a board called the ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display (CYD for short) is available from its manufacturers. The board includes a standard ESP32 microcontroller together with a 320x240 pixel TFT display. Additionally, the board provides several connectors for interfaces such as GPIO, serial port (TX/RX), power and Ground. The inclusion of a TFT display is a real advantage as it enables users to design complex graphics-based projects without resorting to an external LCD or graphics displays. The book describes the basic hardware of the ESP32 CYD board and provides details of its on-board connectors. Many basic, simple, and intermediate-level projects are given in the book based on the ESP32 CYD, using the highly popular Arduino IDE 2.0 integrated development environment. The use of both the basic graphics functions and the use of the popular LVGL graphics library are discussed in the book and projects are given that use both types of approaches. All the projects given in the book have been tested and are working. The block diagram, circuit diagram, and the complete program listings and program descriptions of all the projects are given with explanations. Readers can use the LVGL graphics library to design highly popular eye-catching full-color graphics projects using widgets such as buttons, labels, calendars, keypads, keyboards, message boxes, spinboxes, sliders, charts, tables, menus, bars, switches, drop-down lists, animations, and many more widgets.

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GUI with Touch — for ESP32, RPi & Co.Graphical user interfaces with the LittlevGL library "Not Just Any Guy's Project”Interview with Gábor Kiss-Vámosi, the developer of LittlevGL Capaci-Meterwith two-digit Dekatron-style LED display How To: Debounce a Mechanical Contact or SwitchA switch is either open or closed, isn't It? Developer's ZoneTips & Tricks, Best Practices and Other Useful Information Extendable Environmental Monitoring Systempublishes data on IoT platforms Practical ESP32 MultitaskingTask programming with FreeRTOS and the Arduino IDE InteractiveCorrections & Updates || Questions & Answers Automotive Headlight TuningLegal, illegal — it matters! Review: Toolcraft Digital Soldering Station Arduino Pro IDE - First Impressions Two Thermal Imaging Cameras ComparedSeek ShotPro and Seek Compact Steeped in ElectronicsOutfitting the e-lab and e-workshop Monsanto MAN1 LED DisplayPeculiar Parts, the series Thermoelectric Tea TimerFirst dealings with energy harvesting Single-Phase 1-Kilowatt AC Motor DriveThree-mode design: integral-cycle switching, phase-cut trailing, or phase-cut leading edge. RPi Gets a Fast 3.5" Touch DisplayMore power at no extra charge Lab, Sweet LabA glimpse of The Holy Place — no unauthorized entry. First Steps with RISC-VTrying out the LoFive Board Elektor Labs Challenged: a DIY LoRa Tracker Glitches and results in electronics development Sigfox and the IoT (2)Registration in the Sigfox network Starting Out in ElectronicsEasier than imagined! Analogue Electronics Design Case Study #1 — Section 1: MEMS Microphone… Testing 1-2-3 Small Circuits RevivalCapita Selecta from the Elektor Project Suggestions Box In a Nutshell: Text for MicrocontrollersUsing compression to save memory Focus On: Autonomous DrivingState of the art at a glance Start-Up Leaders and Innovators Talk “Innovation 4.0” in Munich Lego Electronic Train Set from 196850 years on, electronic toys still fascinate Beyond ElectronicsThe MX3D Bridge Senses the City

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This bundle includes both volumes of "KiCad Like a Pro" (4th edition 2024). In Fundamentals and Projects (normal price: €39.95), you'll learn how to use KiCad through a practical approach, helping you quickly become productive and start designing your own boards. Advanced Projects and Recipes (normal price: €34.95) allows you to practice your new KiCad skills by challenging yourself with a series of real-world projects. The latest iteration of KiCad, the world’s best free-to-use Printed Circuit Board tool, is packed with features usually found only in expensive commercial CAD tools. This modern, cross-platform application suite built around schematic and design editors, with auxiliary applications is a stable and mature PCB tool. KiCad 8 is a perfect fit for electronic engineers and makers. Here are the most significant improvements and features in KiCad 8, both over and under the hood: Modern user interface, completely redesigned from earlier versions Improved and customizable electrical and design rule checkers Theme editor allowing you to customize KiCad on your screen Ability to import projects from Eagle, CADSTART, and more Python scripting API Improved integrated SPICE circuit simulator Multi-sheet schematics Filters define selectable elements Enhanced interactive router helps you draw single tracks and differential pairs with precision New or enhanced tools to draw tracks, measure distances, tune track lengths, etc. Advanced interactive router Built-in bill of materials generator Realistic ray-tracing capable 3D viewer Customizable teardrops Plug-in manager for quick installation of themes, libraries and functionalities such as autorouters and BOM generators The first book KiCad Like A Pro – Fundamentals and Projects will teach you to use KiCad through a practical approach. It will help you become productive quickly and start designing your own boards. Example projects illustrate the basic features of KiCad, even if you have no prior knowledge of PCB design. The author describes the entire workflow from schematic entry to the intricacies of finalizing the files for PCB production and offers sound guidance on the process. The second book KiCad Like A Pro – Advanced Projects and Recipes will help you to practice your new KiCad skills by challenging you in a series of real-world projects. The projects are supported by a comprehensive set of recipes with detailed instructions on how to achieve a variety of simple and complex tasks. Design the PCBs for a solar power supply, an LED matrix array, an Arduino-powered datalogger, and a custom ESP32 board. Understand the finer details of the interactive router, how to manage KiCad project teams with Git, how to use an autorouter on 2 and 4-layer PCBs, and much more.

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As demand for solar panel installation has risen sharply, especially for installations larger than balcony power plants, the order books of solar companies are full. If you ask for a quote today, you may have to wait a while, if your request isn't simply postponed indefinitely. Another consequence of the solar boom is that some companies are charging very high prices for installations. Yet there is an obvious and radical solution to the problem of excessive prices: Do it yourself, as the English say. The price of materials is currently affordable, and it's the ideal time for those who do the work themselves. They couldn't save more. Add to this the satisfaction of doing something useful, both economically and ecologically, and the pleasure of building yourself. In this special issue, you'll find a wide selection of Elektor assemblies, from solar panel controllers to solar water heaters and solar panel orientation systems. The issue also contains practical information on solar panel installation and the technology behind them. Finally, there are a number of articles on the subject of balcony power plants, from how to install them to how to connect them to the Internet... Contents BASICS Dimensioning Photovoltaic Panel ArraysAn introduction to photovoltaic energy and the commonest techniques,followed by simplified calculation models and setup guidelines. Light Sensor TechnologyMeasuring daylight using LEDs. Solar Power Made SimpleSolar charging with and without a controller. Cable Cross-sections and Energy Losses in Solar SystemsKey considerations on the minimum values to respect for electricalcurrent in solar panel cabling. Solar ModulesEverything you always wanted to know about solar panels... Ideal Diode ControllerDiode Circuits with Low Power Dissipation. TIPS Tracking for Solar Modules zBot Solar/Battery Power Supply Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator Solar Cell Voltage Regulator Solar-Powered Night Light Alternative Solar Battery Charger PROJECTS Energy LoggerMeasuring and Recording Power Consumption. Tiny Solar SupplySunlight In, 3.3 V Out. A Do-It-Yourself DTURead Data from Small Inverters by μC. Solar ChargerPortable energy for people on the move. Solar Thermal Energy RegulatorMaximum power point tracking explored. 2-amp Maximum Power Tracking ChargerSolar Power To The Max. Computer-driven HeliostatFollow the sun or the stars. Garden LightingUsing solar cells. Solar Panel Voltage Converter for IoT DevicesYes we CAN exploit indoor lighting. Travel ChargerFree power in the mountains. Solar Cell Battery Charger/MonitorWith protection against deep discharge. Solar-powered Battery ChargerPIC12C671 avoids overcharging and deep charging. Converters for Photovoltaic PanelsContributed by TME (Transfer MultisortElektronik). Solar Charging RegulatorFor panels up to 53 watts. Solar-Powered ChargerFor lead-acid batteries. CAN Bus + Arduino for Solar PV Cell MonitoringDetect and locate serviceable panels in large arrays. Balcony Power Plant 2.0The latest: solar panels, installation and inverters

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Build your own AI microcontroller applications from scratch The MAX78000FTHR from Maxim Integrated is a small development board based on the MAX78000 MCU. The main usage of this board is in artificial intelligence applications (AI) which generally require large amounts of processing power and memory. It marries an Arm Cortex-M4 processor with a floating-point unit (FPU), convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator, and RISC-V core into a single device. It is designed for ultra-low power consumption, making it ideal for many portable AI-based applications. This book is project-based and aims to teach the basic features of the MAX78000FTHR. It demonstrates how it can be used in various classical and AI-based projects. Each project is described in detail and complete program listings are provided. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their applications. This book covers the following features of the MAX78000FTHR microcontroller development board: Onboard LEDs and buttons External LEDs and buttons Using analog-to-digital converters I²C projects SPI projects UART projects External interrupts and timer interrupts Using the onboard microphone Using the onboard camera Convolutional Neural Network

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Program and Build Raspberry Pi 5 Based Ham Station Utilities with the RTL-SDR The RTL-SDR devices (V3 and V4) have gained popularity among radio amateurs because of their very low cost and rich features. A basic system may consist of a USB based RTL-SDR device (dongle) with a suitable antenna, a Raspberry Pi 5 computer, a USB based external audio input-output adapter, and software installed on the Raspberry Pi 5 computer. With such a modest setup, it is possible to receive signals from around 24 MHz to over 1.7 GHz. This book is aimed at amateur radio enthusiasts and electronic engineering students, as well as at anyone interested in learning to use the Raspberry Pi 5 to build electronic projects. The book is suitable for both beginners through experienced readers. Some knowledge of the Python programming language is required to understand and eventually modify the projects given in the book. A block diagram, a circuit diagram, and a complete Python program listing is given for each project, alongside a comprehensive description. The following popular RTL-SDR programs are discussed in detail, aided by step-by-step installation guides for practical use on a Raspberry Pi 5: SimpleFM GQRX SDR++ CubicSDR RTL-SDR Server Dump1090 FLDIGI Quick RTL_433 aldo xcwcp GPredict TWCLOCK CQRLOG klog Morse2Ascii PyQSO Welle.io Ham Clock CHIRP xastir qsstv flrig XyGrib FreeDV Qtel (EchoLink) XDX (DX-Cluster) WSJT-X The application of the Python programming language on the latest Raspberry Pi 5 platform precludes the use of the programs in the book from working on older versions of Raspberry Pi computers.

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