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The Basics, New Ideas & Applications Build digital electronics from the ground up—and take it all the way to practical circuits you can use. This book guides you through the core principles of digital technology with a strongly hands-on approach. You’ll begin with the essentials: signals, devices for working with them, and what "logic 0" and "logic 1" mean in real hardware. Simple demonstration setups made from easy-to-find parts (LEDs, diodes, resistors, switches) help you see how logic behaves, making the theory click before you move on. From there, you’ll explore a wide range of logic elements and how they’re implemented, including classic logic families such as TTL and CMOS. The fundamentals section covers the building blocks of digital systems: flip-flops, Schmitt triggers, registers, counters and dividers, encoders/ decoders, multiplexers/demultiplexers, plus A/D and D/A conversion and timing circuits. Next, the book invites you into "new ideas" in digital electronics—universal logic elements, unconventional approaches (including thyristor-based and fractional logic), and creative logic functions that can inspire original designs. Finally, a large, well-organized collection of application circuits turns knowledge into projects: electronic switches and selectors, pulse generators, PWM regulators, frequency multipliers/dividers, phase shifters, and digital filters. Study it deeply, and you’ll gain not only understanding—but the ability to design and debug digital circuits independently.

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Build Your Own Vintage Radio Broadcaster The Elektor AM Transmitter Kit allows streaming audio to vintage AM radio receivers. Based on a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller module, the AM Transmitter can transmit on 32 frequencies in the AM band, from 500 kHz up to 1.6 MHz in 32 steps of approx. 35 kHz. The frequency is selected with a potentiometer and shown on a 0.96" OLED display. A pushbutton allows toggles the transmitting mode between On and Off. The range of the transmitter depends on the antenna. The onboard antenna provides a range of a few centimeters, requiring the AM Transmitter to be placed close to or inside the radio. An external loop antenna (not included) can be connected to increase the range. The Elektor AM Transmitter Kit comes as a kit of parts that you must solder to the board yourself. Features The board is compatible with a Hammond 1593N enclosure (not included).A 5 VDC power supply with micro-USB connector (e.g., an old phone charger) is needed to power the kit (not included). Current consumption is 100 mA. The Arduino software (requiring Earle Philhower’s RP2040 Boards Package) for the Elektor AM Transmitter Kit plus more information is available at the Elektor Labs page of this project. Component List Resistors R1, R4 = 100 Ω R2, R3, R8 = 10 kΩ R5, R6, R9, R10, R11 = 1 kΩ R7 = optional (not included) P1 = potentiometer 100 kΩ, linear Capacitors C1 = 22 µF 16V C2, C4 = 10 nF C3 = 150 pF Miscellaneous K1 = 4×1 pin socket K2, K3 = 3.5 mm socket Raspberry Pi Pico pushbutton, angle mount 0.96" monochrome I²C OLED display PCB 150292-1

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With 20+ Practical Projects in Logic and Circuit Design This book is a practical guide to digital electronics, covering the essential components of modern digital systems: number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra, combinational and sequential logic, and more. Through more than 20 structured projects, you’ll design and build digital systems using real-world components such as logic gates, multiplexers, decoders, flip-flops, counters, and shift registers. The projects range from basic LED logic circuits to digital locks, display systems, traffic light controllers, and timing-based designs. Selected projects introduce the use of tools such as CircuitVerse for circuit simulation, while several designs make use of 74HC-series logic devices, commonly used in digital hardware prototyping. Inside, you’ll find: Clear coverage of number systems and binary arithmetic Logic gate fundamentals and universal gate implementations Step-by-step projects using flip-flops, counters, and registers Real-world design with 74HC-series logic chips Techniques for designing combinational and sequential systems This book takes a design-first, application-driven approach to digital electronics—built around working circuits, tested logic, and hands-on experimentation.

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35 Touch Develop & MicroPython Projects The BBC micro:bit is a credit sized computer based on a highly popular and high performance ARM processor. The device is designed by a group of 29 partners for use in computer education in the UK and will be given free of charge to every secondary school student in the UK. The device is based on the Cortex-M0 processor and it measures 4 x 5 cm. It includes several important sensors and modules such as an accelerometer, magnetometer, 25 LEDs, 2 programmable push-button switches, Bluetooth connectivity, micro USB socket, 5 ring type connectors, and a 23-pin edge connector. The device can be powered from its micro USB port by connecting it to a PC, or two external AAA type batteries can be used. This book is about the use of the BBC micro:bit computer in practical projects. The BBC micro:bit computer can be programmed using several different programming languages, such as Microsoft Block Editor, Microsoft Touch Develop, MicroPython, and JavaScript. The book makes a brief introduction to the Touch Develop programming language and the MicroPython programming language. It then gives 35 example working and tested projects using these language. Readers who learn to program in Touch Develop and MicroPython should find it very easy to program using the Block Editor or any other languages. The following are given for each project: Title of the project Description of the project Aim of the project Touch Develop and MicroPython program listings Complete program listings are given for each project. In addition, working principles of the projects are described briefly in each section. Readers are encouraged to go through the projects in the order given in the book.

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Projects Using Arduino IDE and the LVGL Graphics Library The ESP32 is probably one of the most popular microcontrollers used by many people, including students, hobbyists, and professional engineers. Its low cost, coupled with rich features makes it a popular device to use in many projects. Recently, a board called the ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display (CYD for short) is available from its manufacturers. The board includes a standard ESP32 microcontroller together with a 320x240 pixel TFT display. Additionally, the board provides several connectors for interfaces such as GPIO, serial port (TX/RX), power and Ground. The inclusion of a TFT display is a real advantage as it enables users to design complex graphics-based projects without resorting to an external LCD or graphics displays. The book describes the basic hardware of the ESP32 CYD board and provides details of its on-board connectors. Many basic, simple, and intermediate-level projects are given in the book based on the ESP32 CYD, using the highly popular Arduino IDE 2.0 integrated development environment. The use of both the basic graphics functions and the use of the popular LVGL graphics library are discussed in the book and projects are given that use both types of approaches. All the projects given in the book have been tested and are working. The block diagram, circuit diagram, and the complete program listings and program descriptions of all the projects are given with explanations. Readers can use the LVGL graphics library to design highly popular eye-catching full-color graphics projects using widgets such as buttons, labels, calendars, keypads, keyboards, message boxes, spinboxes, sliders, charts, tables, menus, bars, switches, drop-down lists, animations, and many more widgets.

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The FNIRSI SG-003A multi-functional Signal Generator a.k.a. Process Meter/Calibrator is a high-precision voltage/current generator and meter. The SG-003A provides highly accurate reference voltages or currents for testing and calibrating other measurement instruments like multimeters and oscilloscopes. Besides voltages and currents, the SG-003A also generates rectangular pulse signals with precisely programmable frequencies and duty cycles. Its converter mode turns the SG-003A into a precision voltage-controlled current source, or current-controlled voltage source, and even a voltage- or current-controlled frequency generator. The SG-003A is a great tool for checking your multimeter’s accuracy and precision, and for testing e.g. LEDs. Features Accuracy (voltage/current) 0.1% ±0.005 Resolution (current) 0.01 mA Frequency 0-10 kHz Resolution 5 digits Output power 24 V Display 2.4" TFT LCD (320 x 240) Dimensions 92 x 72 x 30 mm Weight 165 g Specifications Signal Range Precision Resolution Max load External power supply Active current output 0~24 mA ±(0.1% + 0.005) 0.01 mA 750 Ω Passive current output (XMT) 0~24 mA ±(0.1% + 0.005) 0.01 mA 0~30 V Voltage output 0~24 V ±(0.1% + 0.005) 0.01 V 24 V loop 0~24 mA ±(0.1% + 0.005) 0.01 mA Frequency output 0~9999 Hz ±2% 5 digits Current input 0~24 mA ±(0.1% + 0.005) 0.01 mA Voltage input 0~30 V ±(0.1% + 0.005) 0.01 V Included 1x FNIRSI SG-003A Signal generator 4x Test clips 1x USB charger 1x USB-C cable 1x Manual Downloads Manual Firmware V4.3

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Bauen Sie Ihre perfekte Wetterstation oder forschen Sie zusammen mit der ganzen Welt an Umweltdaten. Mit vielen praktischen Projekten für Arduino, Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU, ESP32 und weiteren Developmentboards. Wetterstationen erfreuen sich seit Jahrzehnten großer Beliebtheit. Ob in aktuellen oder längst eingestellten Elektronik-Magazinen – regelmäßig finden sich Beiträge zum Eigenbau einer Wetterstation. Im Laufe der Jahre wurden diese Systeme immer ausgefeilter und können heute nahtlos in das Smart Home integriert werden. Allerdings erfordert dies oft die Bindung an einen (teuren) Markenhersteller, der sämtliche Komponenten abdeckt. Mit Ihrer eigenen Wetterstation können Sie jedoch mühelos mithalten – und sogar Messwerte erfassen, die kommerzielle Geräte nicht bieten. Dabei kommt der Spaß nicht zu kurz: Sie erweitern spielerisch Ihr Wissen über Elektronik, moderne Mikrocontroller-Developmentboards und Programmiersprachen. Schon für weniger als zehn Euro können Sie erste Umweltdaten erfassen und Ihr System Schritt für Schritt mit wachsendem Interesse weiter ausbauen. Aus dem Inhalt: Wind und Wetter auf der Spur Wetterdisplay mit OpenWeatherMap und Vakuum-Fluoreszenzanzeige Flüchtige organische Verbindungen in der Atemluft Mit MQ-Sensoren arbeiten: Kohlenmonoxid messen – geruchlos aber extrem giftig CO2-Ampel mit ThingSpeak-IoT-Anbindung Ein Gießautomat für Ihre Pflanzen Gutes Raumklima: Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit sind wichtige Kriterien Schickes Thermometer mit alter Röhrentechnik Nostalgisches Wetterhäuschen für die ganze Familie Luftdruck und Temperatur genau messen Sonnenbrand-Warngerät DIY-Sensor für die Sonnenscheindauer Das Smartphone zeigt’s an: Nebel oder klare Sicht? Erdbeben erkennen Pegelstände von Gewässern und Behältern pH-Wert von Gewässern bestimmen Radioaktive Strahlung erkennen Mit GPS wissen Sie weltweit, wo ihr Sensor ist Logdateien mit Zeitstempel auf SD-Karten speichern LoRaWAN, The Things Network und ThingSpeak LoRaWAN-Gateway für TTN betreiben Mega-Display mit Wettervorhersage

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Multilingual DIY Kit (incl. 27 RGB LEDs + Raspberry Pi Pico) Bring some engineering magic to your festive season with the Wordy LED Christmas Tree, a unique DIY electronics kit designed by Elektor. This beautifully engineered 3D Christmas tree combines eleven PCBs, a Raspberry Pi Pico, and 27 addressable RGB LEDs to illuminate Christmas greetings in seven languages: Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish. Unlike ordinary LED trees, each word inside the tree has its own light chamber, creating a refined, softly glowing display without sound or flicker. The LEDs are fully WS2812-compatible and driven via the popular Adafruit NeoPixel library, making custom animations and color effects easy to create. Perfect for makers, tinkerers, and festive electronics fans, this kit offers both an enjoyable build and a striking, conversation-worthy decoration. The Wordy Christmas Tree is your perfect holiday maker project! Features Multilingual greetings (7 languages) milled into the front panel 3D construction from 11 interlocking PCBs Powered by Raspberry Pi Pico 27 individually addressable RGB LEDs (pre-mounted) Smooth fade-in and fade-out animations Fully programmable using the Arduino IDE A 5-V power supply (with micro-USB connector) capable of ≥1 A is recommended for maximum brightness (not included) Dimensions (H x W x D): 130 x 115 x 75 mm Included All required PCBs with LEDs and other SMD parts mounted Raspberry Pi Pico (to be soldered & programmed by the user) 3-way pin header (to be soldered by the user) 3-way pin socket (to be soldered by the user) 4x Self-adhesive dome bumpers Project Page Elektor Labs

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USB-S/PDIF-INTERFACEdigitale audio-uitgang voor computer, laptop, tablet of smartphone MULTITASKING MET DE ESP32 (4)binaire semaforen TIMER VOOR HOOFDTELEFOONVERSTERKER DRAADLOZE TEMPERATUURSENSOR VOOR NIXIE BARGRAPH THERMOMETERmultifunctionele oplossing met ontwerptruc MULTITASKING MET DE RASPBERRY PIvoorbeeld: controller voor verkeerslichten OPEN-NETWERK WEERSTATION MK2deel 2: software DOMOTICA HELEMAAL NIET MOEILIJKmet ESPHome, Home Assistant & MySensors DE GEHEUGEN-BEELDBUISvreemde onderdelen AI VOOR BEGINNERS (3)een eigen neuraal netwerk PIC’S PROGRAMMEREN: VAN DE GROND AFeen sinus in assembler IKEA-HACKeen goedkope IKEA-lamp ‘tunen’ met NeoPixel-LED’s en WLAN LAAT JE HOBBYPROJECT NIET IN EEN HOEKJE VERSTOFFENaanbodzijde-tijdmanagement en spiraalontwikkeling ALLE BEGIN......hoeft niet zo moeilijk te zijn OOST WEST LAB BESTeen blik in het allerheiligste, waar interessante projecten worden geboren DE 8-BIT MICROCONTROLLER – EN DAARNAvraaggesprek met Tam Hanna WIE HET KLEINE NIET EERTuit de ideeënbus van Elektor REVIEW: OWON OW18E BLUETOOTH-MULTIMETER INTERACTIEFcorrecties & updates || vragen & antwoorden UIT HET LEVEN GEGREPENloodvrij solderen en Europese regelneverij VEELBELOVEND PROJECT: NIEUWE LCR-METER 50 HZ...2 MHZprecisie en gebruiksgemak ERROR ANALYSIStips en trucs: FMEA, grote stromen en meer DEVELOPER’S ZONEtips & trucs, vakkunstigheden en andere nuttige informatie REVIEW: SIGLENT SDL1020X-E ELEKTRONISCHE BELASTING HOOGSPANNINGSVOEDING MET KARAKTERISTIEKENSCHRIJVERspanningen tot 400 V instellen en karakteristieken van buizen en transistoren meten HEXADOKU SEPTEMBER/OKTOBER 2020 ANALOGE ELEKTRONICA ONTWERPENcase-study #2 – deel 1: theorie van analoge filters SCHEMA’S TEKENEN

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The ZD-8962B soldering station features an adjustable temperature range of 160°C to 480°C with an output power of 70 W. Equipped with an integrated heating element in the soldering tip, the station reaches the desired operating temperature in just 8 seconds. A large digital display provides real-time monitoring, showing both the preset target and the actual temperature of the iron for precision control. Additionally, the station is ESD-safe, ensuring sensitive electronic components are fully protected from electrostatic discharge during use. Specifications Power 70 W Input voltage 220-240 V AC/50 Hz Output voltage 20 V Temperature range 160°C – 480°C (320°F – 896°F) Heating time ~8 s Display Large, two-line LED display for showing target and actual temperature Special features ESD protection, Sleep mode/energy-saving function, Switch between °C and °F Included ZD-8962B Soldering station unit Soldering iron Soldering tip N12-1 Soldering iron stand with copper brush and sponge Soldering wire stand with lead-free soldering wire (10 g) Power cable (EU) Manual

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Diese Ausgabe steht allen GOLD- und GREEN-Mitgliedern auf der ElektorMagazine-Website zum Download bereit! Sie sind noch kein Mitglied? Hier klicken! USB-MessadapterStrom und Signalqualität von USB-Anschlüssen testen 4...20 mA Stromausgang für Arduino UnoEine zuverlässige, EMI-unempfindliche Stromschleifenschnittstelle Automatische StaubsaugersteuerungHalten Sie den Arbeitsbereich Ihrer Werkzeuge sauber DDS-Generator mit ATtiny Opamp-Tester V2Neue Platine – nun auch für SMDs geeignet 550-mW-„Lamp“-AudioverstärkerDer warme Klang von Röhren – ganz einfach SicherungswächterSicherung mit Blink-LED überwachen Hochwertiger RIAA-VorverstärkerHolen Sie das Beste aus Ihren Vinyl-Schallplatten heraus! Drahzahlkalibrator für PlattenspielerEin Arduino-basierter Stroboskopgenerator mit 100–120 Hz Infrarot-fernbedienbarer DimmerSteuern Sie Ihre Halogen- oder LED-Stehleuchte mühelos und mit Stil Wie man switch…case mit Strings in C++/Arduino IDE verwendet Magnetfindermit einfachem Hall-Effekt-Sensor Intelligenter Einschaltknopf für Raspberry PiEine Lösung für Raspberry Pi bis zum Modell 4 Essenzielle Maker-TippsProfessionelle Einblicke für den Maker-Alltag Praktische Projekte mit dem 555-TimerGleichstrommotorsteuerung und Reaktionszeitschallungen Einfacher AC-Last-Ein-MonitorEnergie sparen mit einem einfachen Gerät Powerbanks parallel schaltenEine durchgehende Stromversorgung für drei Tage VFO bis 15 MHzMit Raspberry Pi Pico Geigen-Stimmgerät mit ATtiny202 Elektor Classics: Video-Eingangsverstärker für S/W-Fernseher Kapazitätsmesser20 pF bis 600 nF Quasi-analoges Uhrwerk MkIIZwei LED-Ringe für Stunden und Minuten Sie können alles tun, was Sie wollen(mit dem Arduino-Ökosystem an Ihrer Seite) Neon-Würfel mit Glimmlampen Elektor Classics: Video-Verstärker Inspirierende Hardware-Designs für Ihre ESPs Elektor Classics: RTTY-Abgleichanzeige RGB-LEDs mit integrierter SteuerschaltungLicht mit Präzision: ICLEDs setzen Maßstäbe Experiment: Auf dem Weg zu einem Mixed-Signal-Theremin?Moderne Time-of-Flight-Sensoren im Zusammenspiel mit dem zeitlosen XR2206-Analoggenerator ESP32-Audio-Transceiver-Board (Teil 1)SD-Karten-WAV-Player-Demo Infografiken: Schaltungen & Schaltungsdesign 2025 Kleiner Audio-MixerEinfaches und vielseitiges skalierbares Design Intelligenter Treppenlicht-TimerEffiziente Lichtsteuerung zur Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs Machen Sie Ihre Rollläden smartVelux-Hardware steuern mit ESP32 und MQTT Solid-State-FußwärmerEnergieeffizienter Komfort Ist der M5Stamp Fly Quadcopter der nächste Tello? Erhöhung der WLAN-Reichweite des ESP32-C3 SuperMiniEine einfache und wirkungsvolle Antennenmodifikation ZD-8968 Heißluft-LötstationEin preisgünstiges Arbeitstier oder nur heiße Luft? Parksensor-TesterDefekte beim PDC-System am Auto finden

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Learning Embedded Systems with STM32 Nucleo Boards Embedded programming has become more accessible than ever before. Development boards are inexpensive, software tools are easy to install, and the Arduino IDE provides a familiar environment for creating embedded applications. Combined with the STM32 Nucleo family of development boards, it offers an excellent platform for learning how modern microcontrollers interact with the physical world. This book introduces embedded programming using the Arduino environment on STM32 Nucleo boards. You will learn how a microcontroller continuously reads inputs, processes information, and controls outputs in a predictable real-time loop. Through practical examples, you will discover how to control LEDs, read switches and sensors, generate PWM signals, drive motors, and exchange data with other devices, all while becoming familiar with the capabilities of STM32 microcontrollers. Although the STM32 family includes devices with different performance levels, memory sizes, and peripheral sets, they all share the same architectural concepts. Digital and analog I/O, timers, interrupts, PWM, communication interfaces, and low-power operation are fundamental features found throughout the STM32 ecosystem. Understanding these building blocks will enable you to work confidently with a wide range of STM32 devices, from entry-level microcontrollers to more advanced applications. By focusing on practical programming techniques rather than hardware complexity, this book develops skills that remain useful well beyond the examples presented. Whether you are taking your first steps in embedded systems or expanding your experience with STM32 microcontrollers, you will gain a solid understanding of both the Arduino development environment and the principles that underpin embedded software design.

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