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An Introduction to RISC-V RISC-V is an Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) that is both free and open. This means that the RISC-V ISA itself does not require a licensing fee, although individual implementations may do so. The RISC-V ISA is curated by a non-profit foundation with no commercial interest in products or services that use it, and it is possible for anyone to submit contributions to the RISC-V specifications. The RISC-V ISA is suitable for applications ranging from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers. This book will first describe the 32-bit RISC-V ISA, including both the base instruction set as well as the majority of the currently-defined extensions. The book will then describe, in detail, an open-source implementation of the ISA that is intended for embedded control applications. This implementation includes the base instruction set as well as a number of standard extensions. After the description of the CPU design is complete the design is expanded to include memory and some simple I/O. The resulting microcontroller will then be implemented in an affordable FPGA development board (available from Elektor) along with a simple software application so that the reader can investigate the finished design.

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23 projects to bring your microcontroller to life! This book contains 23 special and exciting artificial intelligence machine-learning projects, for microcontroller and PC. Learn how to set up a neural network in a microcontroller, and how to make the network self-learning. Discover how you can breed robots, and how changing a fitness function results in a totally different behavior. Find out how a PC program exposes your weak spots in a game, and ruthlessly exploits them. Build a free-will robot, or have one clean your floor! Example projects from the book: A microcontroller that learns what your favourite color is. A robot wandering about the house looking for someone to play with. A bred robot program that is incapable of crossing a black line. A microcontroller that learns how to play a game until You just can't win anymore. A PC that programs a microcontroller all by itself. Complete with free software that you can download containing: All source code for the microcontroller. All sources of compiled PC programs (MS Windows). JAL programming language, with special editor and extension libraries. Robot breed program. Plus a support webpage with links, errata and FAQ. Several artificial intelligence techniques are discussed and used in projects such as expert system, neural network, subsumption, emerging behavior, genetic algorithm, cellular automata and roulette brains. Every project has clear instructions and pictures so you can start immediately. Suggestions and literature links allow you to go way beyond the scope of the book. Even after you have built all the projects contained within, this book will remain a valuable reference guide to keep next to your PC. A unique book for anyone with an interest in artificial intelligence and machine learning.

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The FNIRSI DLA Series combines high-performance USB 3.0 logic analysis with flexible multi-channel signal capture for debugging and analyzing digital circuits and embedded systems. The series is available in two versions: the DLA-16 Plus with 16 digital channels and the DLA-32 Plus with 32 digital channels. Both models offer sampling rates of up to 1 GSa/s, 4 Gbit of onboard memory, and support for 120+ protocol decoders. With Buffer, Stream, and Roll acquisition modes, they are suitable for both high-speed signal analysis and long-term monitoring. Choose the DLA-16 Plus for higher sampling rates when using all channels, or the DLA-32 Plus when you need more channels and advanced serial and parallel triggering. Features Available with 16 or 32 digital input channels Up to 1 GSa/s sampling rate DLA-16 Plus: up to 500 MSa/s with all 16 channels DLA-32 Plus: up to 250 MSa/s with all 32 channels 4 Gbit onboard memory High-speed USB 3.0 interface Acquisition modes: Buffer, Stream, and Roll Support for 120+ protocol decoders Advanced triggering options 4 PWM outputs with 1 Hz–20 MHz frequency range CSV and BIN data export Specifications DLA-16 Plus DLA-32 Plus Digital Channels 16 32 Max. Sampling Rate 1 GSa/s Sampling Rate (1 Channel) 1 GSa/s Sampling Rate (8 Channels) 1 GSa/s Max. Buffer Sampling 16 CH @ 500 MSa/s 32 CH @ 250 MSa/s Max. Stream Sampling 16 CH @ 125 MSa/s 32 CH @ 50 MSa/s Hardware Memory 4 Gbit Interface USB 3.0 / USB-C Max. USB Transfer Rate 5 Gbit/s Acquisition Modes Buffer / Stream / Roll Protocol Decoders 120+ Custom Protocol Support Yes Trigger Modes Rising Edge, Falling Edge, High, Low, Any Edge Advanced Trigger Standard Triggering Serial and Parallel Parallel Trigger Stages – Up to 16 PWM Outputs 4 PWM Output Voltage 3.3 V PWM Frequency 1 Hz–20 MHz Data Export CSV, BIN Dimensions 90 x 81 x 11.5 mm Included 1x FNIRSI DLA-16/32 Plus Logic Analyzer 4 Sets x 5 Shielded Cables 18x Mini IC Test Hooks (High Configuration Version) 1x USB 3.0 Data Cable 10x IC Test Hooks 1x Transparent Storage Case for Test Hooks 1x Storage Bag 1x Manual Downloads Manual

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Projekte mit Arduino Uno und Raspberry Pi In diesem Buch werden Anwendungen von Arduino Uno und Raspberry Pi 4 in praxisnahen Projekten auf Basis von CAN-Bus detailliert beschrieben. Durch den Einsatz von entweder Arduino Uno oder Raspberry Pi in Verbindung mit handelsüblichen CAN-Bus-Schnittstellenmodulen werden die Entwicklung, Fehlersuche und Fehlerbeseitigung sowie die Überprüfung von Projekten auf CAN-Bus-Basis erheblich erleichtert. Dieses Buch richtet sich an jeden, der mehr über den CAN-Bus lernen möchte und mit den Grundlagen der Elektronik vertraut ist. Hilfreich ist auch Erfahrung mit den Programmiersprachen C und Python sowie mit der Programmierung von Arduino Uno unter Verwendung seiner IDE und von Raspberry Pi zu haben. Das Buch ist eine nützliche Informationsquelle und ein Nachschlagewerk für jeden, der Antworten auf eine oder mehrere der folgenden Fragen sucht: Welche Bussysteme stehen für die Automobilindustrie zur Verfügung? Was sind die Grundprinzipien des CAN-Bus? Welche Arten von Frames (oder Datenpaketen) stehen in einem CAN-Bussystem zur Verfügung? Wie können Fehler in einem CAN-Bussystem erkannt werden, und wie zuverlässig ist ein CAN-Bussystem? Welche Arten von CAN-Bus-Controllern gibt es? Welches sind die Funktionsprinzipien des MCP2515 CAN-Bus-Controllers? Wie kann ich ein CAN-Bus-Projekt mit Arduino Uno realisieren? Wie kann ich Arduino oder Raspberry Pi CAN-Bus-Projekte mit 2 und 3 Knoten erstellen? Wie kann ich die Daten auf dem CAN-Bus analysieren? Wie kann ich ein CAN-Bus-Projekt mit Raspberry Pi ausführen?

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For Speed, Area, Power, and Reliability This book teaches the fundamentals of FPGA operation, covering basic CMOS transistor theory to designing digital FPGA chips using LUTs, flip-flops, and embedded memories. Ideal for electrical engineers aiming to design large digital chips using FPGA technology. Discover: The inner workings of FPGA architecture and functionality. Hardware Description Languages (HDL) like Verilog and VHDL. The EDA tool flow for converting HDL source into a functional FPGA chip design. Insider tips for reliable, low power, and high performance FPGA designs. Example designs include: Computer-to-FPGA UART serial communication. An open-source Sump3 logic analyzer implementation. A fully functional graphics controller. What you need: Digilent BASYS3 or similar FPGA eval board with an AMD/Xilinx FPGA. Vivado EDA tool suite (available for download from AMD website free of charge). Project source files available from author’s GitHub site.

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De werking van veruit de meeste moderne elektronische apparaten is niet slechts op één enkel principe gebaseerd. Vaak staat een of andere computer (doorgaans een microcontroller) centraal. Uit deze fundamentele opzet – een computer die is ingebed in een bepaalde toepassingsschakeling – is de algemene benaming Embedded Systems voortgekomen. De meeste van deze systemen moeten vanuit het niets worden ontwikkeld, en daarbij komt het op elk detail aan. Vindingrijkheid en veelzijdigheid zijn dan een vereiste. De problemen die opgelost moeten worden, vormen niet zelden een ware uitdaging en betreffen niet alleen de analoge en digitale elektronica maar ook de systeemarchitectuur, programmering en programma-organisatie. De delen van deze reeks zijn geschreven voor iedereen – leerling, student of beginnend elektronicus – die zich terdege wil bekwamen in de professionele hardware- en systeemontwikkeling. En ze richten zich tot de allround-elektronicus die geen tijd heeft om specialist op een van de vele deelgebieden te worden maar die weet dat hij met standaard huis-, tuin- en keukenoplossingen niet ver komt. Ze bieden wat studenten en professionele elektronici nodig hebben: een opfrissing en verdieping van de basiskennis, een bron van inspiratie en een schat aan details en spitsvondigheden. Dit deel behandelt de theoretische principes en de basisschakelingen van digitale technieken: signalen, bits en binaire getallen propositielogica en Booleaanse algebra schakelalgebra het vereenvoudigen van schakelingen combinatorische en sequentiële schakelingen parameters halfgeleidertechnologieën signaalwegen geïntegreerde schakelingen impulsen kloksystemen initialisatie combinatorische basisschakelingen latches en flipflops registers adresseerbare geheugens sequentiële basisschakelingen

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For Raspberry Pi, ESP32 and nRF52 with Python, Arduino and Zephyr Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio chips are ubiquitous from Raspberry Pi to light bulbs. BLE is an elaborate technology with a comprehensive specification, but the basics are quite accessible. A progressive and systematic approach will lead you far in mastering this wireless communication technique, which is essential for working in low power scenarios. In this book, you’ll learn how to: Discover BLE devices in the neighborhood by listening to their advertisements. Create your own BLE devices advertising data. Connect to BLE devices such as heart rate monitors and proximity reporters. Create secure connections to BLE devices with encryption and authentication. Understand BLE service and profile specifications and implement them. Reverse engineer a BLE device with a proprietary implementation and control it with your own software. Make your BLE devices use as little power as possible. This book shows you the ropes of BLE programming with Python and the Bleak library on a Raspberry Pi or PC, with C++ and NimBLE-Arduino on Espressif’s ESP32 development boards, and with C on one of the development boards supported by the Zephyr real-time operating system, such as Nordic Semiconductor's nRF52 boards. Starting with a very little amount of theory, you’ll develop code right from the beginning. After you’ve completed this book, you’ll know enough to create your own BLE applications.

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Einführung in die SPS-Programmierung mit dem Open-Source-Projekt auf dem Raspberry Pi und Modbus-Beispiele mit dem Arduino Uno und ESP8266 Die SPS-Programmierung ist heute in der Industrie und in der Hausautomation sehr weit verbreitet. In diesem Buch beschreibt der Autor, wie der Raspberry Pi 4 als SPS eingesetzt werden kann. Angefangen mit der Softwareinstallation auf dem Raspberry Pi und dem SPS-Editor auf dem PC geht es nach einer Beschreibung der Hardware an das Programmieren. Es folgen interessante Beispiele nach IEC 61131-3 in den verschiedenen Programmiersprachen. Ausführlich wird auch erklärt, wie der SPS-Editor benutzt wird und wie die Programme auf den Raspberry Pi geladen und ausgeführt werden. Angefangen mit der Programmierung mit KOP (Kontaktplan) über ST (Structured Control Language) bis zu AS (Special Function Chart) werden alle IEC-Sprachen mit Beispielen behandelt. Diese können auf der Website des Autors heruntergeladen werden. Auch die Vernetzung kommt nicht zu kurz. Der Arduino Uno und der ESP8266 werden als ModbusRTU- bzw. ModbusTCP-Module programmiert, um Zugriff auf externe Peripherie zu erhalten. Damit ist es möglich, Sensoren einzulesen und Verbraucher zu schalten. Interessant dürften auch E/A-Schaltungen sein, die dem 24V-Industriestandard entsprechen. Befehlsübersichten für ST und KOP runden das Buch ab. Nach dem Durcharbeiten des Buches ist der Leser in der Lage, eigene SPS-Steuerungen mit dem Raspberry Pi zu verwirklichen.

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PIC-Mikrocontroller (E-book)

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Build Your Own Vintage Radio Broadcaster The Elektor AM Transmitter Kit allows streaming audio to vintage AM radio receivers. Based on a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller module, the AM Transmitter can transmit on 32 frequencies in the AM band, from 500 kHz up to 1.6 MHz in 32 steps of approx. 35 kHz. The frequency is selected with a potentiometer and shown on a 0.96" OLED display. A pushbutton allows toggles the transmitting mode between On and Off. The range of the transmitter depends on the antenna. The onboard antenna provides a range of a few centimeters, requiring the AM Transmitter to be placed close to or inside the radio. An external loop antenna (not included) can be connected to increase the range. The Elektor AM Transmitter Kit comes as a kit of parts that you must solder to the board yourself. Features The board is compatible with a Hammond 1593N enclosure (not included).A 5 VDC power supply with micro-USB connector (e.g., an old phone charger) is needed to power the kit (not included). Current consumption is 100 mA. The Arduino software (requiring Earle Philhower’s RP2040 Boards Package) for the Elektor AM Transmitter Kit plus more information is available at the Elektor Labs page of this project. Component List Resistors R1, R4 = 100 Ω R2, R3, R8 = 10 kΩ R5, R6, R9, R10, R11 = 1 kΩ R7 = optional (not included) P1 = potentiometer 100 kΩ, linear Capacitors C1 = 22 µF 16V C2, C4 = 10 nF C3 = 150 pF Miscellaneous K1 = 4×1 pin socket K2, K3 = 3.5 mm socket Raspberry Pi Pico pushbutton, angle mount 0.96" monochrome I²C OLED display PCB 150292-1

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Analoge schakelingen, sensors en microcontrollers Elektronica is spannend. Het is een hobby die zowel leuk als leerzaam is. Het stelt je in staat om thuis of op het werk nieuwe en nuttige vaardigheden te leren. Een ervaren elektronicus ontwerpt zijn eigen schakelingen, en brengt zijn projecten tot leven. Maar voordat je zover bent, moet je eerst de basis onder de knie krijgen. Daarom brengt dit boek een groot aantal inleidende artikelen samen die in het elektronicatijdschrift Elektor zijn gepubliceerd. Het is je metgezel bij het leerproces in de wereld van de elektronica. Het begint allemaal met analoge elektronica. Je zult de eenvoudigste componenten en circuits ontdekken om te begrijpen hoe ze werken, hoe ze op elkaar inwerken en de mogelijke problemen. De beste manier om vooruitgang te boeken is door echte experimenten uit te voeren, want theorie is niet genoeg. Dit boek begeleid je in een groot aantal praktische projecten voor beginners. Door ze te maken, doe je veel ervaring en kennis op. Het tweede deel van het boek neemt je mee in de wereld van de digitale elektronica. De auteur bespreekt het gebruik van microcontrollers. Taken die voorheen werden uitgevoerd door discrete componenten of conventionele geïntegreerde schakelingen worden nu uitgevoerd door microcontrollers. De programmeertaal BASCOM, maar ook platforms als Arduino, BBC micro:bit en andere, maken dit leerproces veel gemakkelijker. Dit boek beschrijft in detail vele toepassingen van microcontrollers, die betaalbaar zijn voor de beginner. Hier gaan programmeren en solderen hand in hand!

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This book is about advanced programming of the Raspberry Pi computer using the Python programming language. The book explains in simple terms and with examples: How to configure the Raspberry Pi computer; How to install and use the Linux operating system and the desktop; How to write advanced programs using the Python programming language; How to use graphics in our programs; How to develop hardware based projects using the Raspberry Pi. The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi computer and covers the topics of purchasing all the necessary accessories and installing and operating the Linux operating system in command mode. The network interface of the RPi is explained in simple steps, demonstrating how the computer can be accessed remotely from a desktop or a laptop computer. The remaining parts of the book cover the Python programming language in detail, including advanced topics such as operating system calls, multitasking, interprocess synchronization and interprocess communication techniques. The important topic of network programming using UDP and TCP protocols is described with working examples. The Tkinter graphical user interface module (GUI) is described in detail with example widgets and programs. The last part of the book includes hardware projects based on using the advanced programming topics such as multitasking and interprocess communication techniques. All the projects given in the book have been fully tested and are working. Complete program listings of all projects are provided with detailed explanations.

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