From Detector to Software Defined RadioRadio frequency (RF) technology is one of the areas which still allows putting your own ideas into practice. Countless circuit variants with special objectives allow space for meaningful experiments and projects. Many things simply aren’t available off the shelf. Crystal detector radios without their own power source, simple tube receivers with a touch of nostalgia, the first reception attempts at Software Defined Radio, special receivers for amateur radio, all this can be realized with little effort and as a perfect introduction to RF electronics.For a long time, radio construction was the first step into electronics. Meanwhile, there are other ways, especially via computers, microcontrollers, and digital technology. However, the analog roots of electronics are often neglected. Elementary radio technology and easy-to-do experiments are particularly well suited as a learning field for electronics because you can start with the simplest basics here.But the connection to modern digital technology is also obvious, for example, when it comes to modern tuning methods such as PLL and DDS or modern DSP radios.This book aims to give an overview and present a collection of simple RF projects. The author would like to support you to develop your own ideas, to design your own receivers and to test them.
A Reference and User Guide for the Arduino Uno Hardware and Firmware A manual providing up-to-date hardware information for the popular Arduino Uno, the easy to use open-source electronics platform used by hobbyists, makers, hackers, experimenters, educators and professionals. Get all the information you need on the hardware and firmware found on Arduino Uno boards in this handy reference and user guide. Ideal for the workbench or desktop Contains all of the Arduino Uno hardware information in one place Covers Arduino / Genuino Uno revision 3 and earlier boards Easily find hardware technical specifications with explanations Pin reference chapter with interfacing examples Diagrams and illustrations for easy reference to alternate pin functions and hardware connections Learn to back up and restore the firmware on the board or load new firmware Basic fault finding and repair procedures for Arduino Uno boards Power supply circuits simplified and explained Mechanical dimensions split into five easy to reference diagrams Contains circuit diagrams, parts list and board layout reference to locate components easily
Make your project dreams come true: an odometer for the hamster wheel, a fully automatic control of your ant farm with web interface, or the Sandwich-O-Mat – a machine that toasts and grills sandwiches of your choice. With the Arduino and the DIY or Maker movement, not only did entry into microcontroller programming become child's play, but a second development also took place: Resourceful developers brought small boards – so-called shields or modules – to the market, which greatly simplified the use of additional hardware. The small modules contain all the important electronic parts to be connected to the microcontroller with a few plug-in cables, eliminating the need for a fiddly and time-consuming assembly on the plug-in board. In addition, it is also possible to handle tiny components that do not have any connecting legs (so-called SMDs). Projects Discussed Arduino seeks connection BMP and introduction to libraries, I²C Learn I/O basics with the multi-purpose shield I²C LCD adapter and DOT matrix displays LCD keypad shield Level converter W5100: Internet connection I/O expansion shield Relays and solid-state relays The multi-function shield: A universal control unit Connecting an SD card reader via SPI Keys and 7-segment displays 16-bit ADC MCP4725 DAC 16-way PWM servo driver MP3 player GPS data logger using an SD card Touch sensor Joystick SHT31: Temperature and humidity VEML6070 UV-A sensor VL53L0X time-of-flight Ultrasonic distance meter MAX7219-based LED DOT matrix display DS3231 RTC Port expander MCP23017 433 MHz radio MPU-650 gyroscope ADXL345 accelerometer WS2812 RGB LEDs Power supply MQ-xx gas sensors CO2 gas sensor ACS712 current sensor INA219 current sensor L298 motor driver MFRC522 RFID 28BYJ-48 stepper motor TMC2209 silent step stick X9C10x digital potentiometer ST7735 in a color TFT display e-Paper display Bluetooth Geiger counter SIM800L GSM module I²C multiplexer Controller Area Network
This is the second edition of a book aimed at engineers, scientists and hobbyists who want to interface PCs with hardware projects using graphical user interfaces. Desktop and web based applications are covered. The programming language used is Python 3 which is one of the most popular languages around: speed of programming being a key feature. The book has been revised and updated with emphasis on getting the user to produce practical designs with ease – a text editor is all that is required to produce Python programs. Hardware interfacing is achieved using an Arduino Uno as a remote slave. A full description and source code of the communication interface is given in the book. The slave provides digital and analogue input and outputs. Multiple Unos can be included in one project with all control code written in Python and running on a PC One project involves a PIC microcontroller with code provided that can be loaded into the PIC using the Uno. The web applications and server are all implemented in Python allowing you to access your electronic hardware over the Internet. The Raspberry Pi computer can be used as your web server. An introductory chapter is provided to get you started with using Linux. The book is written for use with Debian or variations including Mint or Ubuntu. All of the programs in the book are freely available, ready to use and experiment with by way of a download from Elektor.
Whatever the methods or even then financial means you have to make your circuits work, the power supply should rank high if not Number One in your considerations. The design block simply called “power supply” is hugely underrated both in electronics creation and repair. Yet, the “PSU” has enormous diversity and comes in wildly differing guises like AC/DC, generator, battery (rechargeable or not), PV panel, benchtop, linear or switch-mode, to mention but a few. The output ranges are also staggering like nano-amps to kiloamps and the same for voltages.This special covers the features and design aspects of power supplies.ContentsBasics
Battery ManagementWhat to be aware of when using (Lithium) batteries.
Fixed-Voltage Power Supply using Linear RegulatorsThe best result right after batteries.
Light Energy HarvestingA small solar panel is used in an energy harvesting project to manage and charge four AAA cells.
Mains Powered Adapter DesignBasic circuits and tips for transformers, rectification, filtering and stabilization.
LM317 Soft StartThe high inrush current pulse should be avoided.
Controllable RectifiersSome suggestions to keep the power loss in the linear regulator as low as possible.
Components
Worksheet: The LM117 / LM217 / LM317 Voltage Regulators
SupercapsLow voltage but lots of current… or not?
Reviews
JOY-iT RD6006 Benchtop Power Supply Kit
Siglent SDL1020X Programmable DC Electronic Load
Projects
Balcony Power PlantDIY solar balcony = speedy payback!
DIY LiPo Supercharger KitFrom handcrafted to mass market
Dual-Anode MOSFET ThyristorFaster and less wasteful than the old SCR
Battery JuicerDo not throw away, squeeze!
High-Voltage Power Supply with Curve TracerGenerate voltages up to 400 V and trace characteristics curves for valves and transistors
High Voltage Supply for RIAAFor RIAA tube preamps and other applications.
MicroSupplyA lab power supply for connected devices
Phantom Power Supply using Switched CapacitorsVoltage tripler using three ICs
The SMPS800RE Switch-Mode Supply for the Elektor Fortissimo-100Reliable, light and affordable
Soft Start for PSUBe nice to your power supply – and its load
UniLab 20-30 V, 3 A compact switch-mode lab power supply
Tips
Soft Start for Step-Down Switching Regulators
Low Loss Current Limit
Powerbank Surprise
A Virtual Ground
Battery Maintainer
Battery Pack Discharger
Connecting Voltage Regulators in Parallel
AVR Architecture and Programming An in-depth look at the 8-bit AVR architecture found in ATtiny and ATmega microcontrollers, mainly from a software and programming point of view. Explore the AVR architecture using C and assembly language in Microchip Studio (formerly Atmel Studio) with ATtiny microcontrollers. Learn the details of how AVR microcontrollers work internally, including the internal registers and memory map of ATtiny devices. Program ATtiny microcontrollers using an Atmel-ICE programmer/debugger, or use a cheap hobby programmer, or even an Arduino Uno as a programmer. Most code examples can be run using the Microchip Studio AVR simulator. Learn to write programs for ATtiny microcontrollers in assembly language. See how assembly language is converted to machine code instructions by the assembler program. Find out how programs written in the C programming language end up as assembly language and finally as machine code instructions. Use the Microchip Studio debugger in combination with a hardware USB programmer/debugger to test assembly and C language programs, or use the Microchip Studio AVR simulator. DIP packaged ATtiny microcontrollers are used in this volume for easy use on electronic breadboards, targeting mainly the ATtiny13(A) and ATtiny25/45/85. Learn about instruction timing and clocks in AVR microcontrollers using ATtiny devices. Be on your way to becoming an AVR expert with advanced debugging and programming skills.
Projects with Thonny-IDE, uPyCraft-IDE, and ESP32The 'Python' programming language has enjoyed an enormous upswing in recent years. Not least, various single-board systems such as the Raspberry Pi have contributed to its popularity. But Python has also found widespread use in other fields, such as artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML). It is obvious, therefore, to use Python or the 'MicroPython' variant for use in SoCs (Systems on Chip) as well.Powerful controllers such as the ESP32 from Espressif Systems offer excellent performance as well as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionality at an affordable price. With these features, the Maker scene has been taken by storm. Compared to other controllers, the ESP32 has a significantly larger flash and SRAM memory, as well as a much higher CPU speed. Due to these characteristics, the chip is not only suitable for classic C applications, but also for programming with MicroPython.This book introduces the application of modern one-chip systems. In addition to the technical background, the focus is on MicroPython itself. After the introduction to the language, the programming skills learned are immediately put into practice. The individual projects are suitable for use in the laboratory as well as for everyday applications. So, in addition to the actual learning effect, the focus is also on the joy of building complete and useful devices. By using laboratory breadboards, circuits of all kinds can be realized with little effort, turning the testing and debugging of the 100% homebrew projects into an instructive pleasure.The various applications, such as weather stations, digital voltmeters, ultrasound range finders, RFID card readers or function generators, make the projects presented ideally suited for practical courses or subject and study work in the natural sciences, or in science and technology classes.
Contents Projects
PicoVoiceVoice alienation and sound effects with the Raspberry Pi Pico Navigation with Vibration Feedback POV Display Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) with the Raspberry Pi Pico Wi-Fi with the Raspberry Pi Pico
'Hello World' from the Raspberry Pi Pico and RP2040A look at the Raspberry Pi Foundation’s first microcontroller Simple On-Off Temperature Controller with Raspberry Pi HAT
Multitasking with the Raspberry PiShowcase: a traffic lights controller
The Raspberry Pi Ruler GadgetFun with a time-of-flight sensor
Raspberry Pi Buffer Board (Mk. 1)Never blow up the I/O again
FM radio with RDSA top HAT project for the Raspberry Pi
LoRa with the Raspberry Pi PicoFun with MicroPython! Tutorials Qt for the Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi Pico Programmingwith MicroPython and Thonny
Raspberry Pi Full StackRPi and RF24 at the heart of a sensor network Raspberry Pi Bash Command Cheat Sheet Community
Java on the Raspberry PiAn interview with Frank Delporte Reviews Introducing the New Raspberry Pi Pico W, H, and WH
Secure Boot Solution for Raspberry PiRetrofit security at a reasonable price Review: SmartPi – Smart Meter Extension for Raspberry Pi
Review: The Enviro+ Raspberry Pi HATMeasuring environmental data with Raspberry Pi and the HAT Enviro+
Review: Meet the Raspberry Pi 4All new but still good?
Raspberry Pi Gets a Fast 3.5' Touch DisplayMore power at no extra charge Book Launch: Raspberry Pi for Radio Amateurs
Design IoT Projects with Raspberry Pi, Arduino and ESP32 The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a major application area for embedded systems. As a result, more and more people are becoming interested in learning about embedded design and programming. Technical colleges and universities are moving away from legacy 8 and 16-bit microcontrollers and are introducing 32-bit embedded microcontrollers to their curriculums. Many IoT applications demand precision, high processing power, and low power consumption. Produced by IBM, Node-RED is an open-source visual editor for wiring the Internet of Things. Node-RED comes with a large number of nodes to handle a multitude of tasks. The required nodes are selected and joined together to perform a particular task. Node-RED is based on flow type programming where nodes are configured and joined together to form an application program. There are nodes for performing complex tasks, including web access, Twitter, E-mail, HTTP, Bluetooth, MQTT, controlling GPIO ports, etc. One particularly nice aspect of Node-RED is that the programmer does not need to learn how to write complex programs. For example, an email can be sent by simply joining nodes together and writing only a few lines of code. The aim of this book is to teach how Node-RED can be used in projects. The main hardware platform used with most of the projects in this book is Raspberry Pi 4. Chapters are included to show how Node-RED can be also be used with Arduino Uno, ESP32 DevKitC, and the ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller development boards.
Affordable solutions with the ESP8266 and 3D printing If you are looking for a small yet powerful IoT device, you are likely to come across the ESP8266 and compatible products on the market today. One of these, the Wemos/Lolin D1 Mini Pro board strikes a remarkable balance between cost and performance. A small and very affordable prototype board, the D1 Mini Pro stands out with its WiFi functionality and a 16-Mbytes flash memory for easy creation of a flash file system. In addition, there are sufficient input and output pins (only one analog input though) to support PWM, I²C, and One-Wire systems to mention but a few. The book describes the operation, modding, construction, and programming of home appliances including a colorful smart home accessory, a refrigerator/greenhouse controller, an AC powerline monitor, a door lock monitor, and an IKEA Trådfri controller. As a benefit, all firmware developed for these DIY, 'IoT-ized' devices can be updated over-the-air (OTA). For most of the designs in the book, a small printed circuit board (PCB) and an enclosure are presented so readers can have a finished and attractive-looking product. Readers having – or with access to! – a 3D printer can 'print' the suggested enclosures at home or in a shop. Some of the constructions benefit from a Raspberry Pi configured as a gateway or cms server. This is also described in detail with all the necessary configuring. You don’t need to be an expert but the prerequisites to successful replication of the projects include basic skills with PC software including the ability to surf the Internet. In terms of hardware, you should be comfortable with soldering and generally assembling the PCBs presented in the book. All custom software written for the IoT devices, the PCB layouts, and 3D print files described in the book are available for free downloading.
Design IoT Projects with Raspberry Pi, Arduino and ESP32 The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a major application area for embedded systems. As a result, more and more people are becoming interested in learning about embedded design and programming. Technical colleges and universities are moving away from legacy 8 and 16-bit microcontrollers and are introducing 32-bit embedded microcontrollers to their curriculums. Many IoT applications demand precision, high processing power, and low power consumption. Produced by IBM, Node-RED is an open-source visual editor for wiring the Internet of Things. Node-RED comes with a large number of nodes to handle a multitude of tasks. The required nodes are selected and joined together to perform a particular task. Node-RED is based on flow type programming where nodes are configured and joined together to form an application program. There are nodes for performing complex tasks, including web access, Twitter, E-mail, HTTP, Bluetooth, MQTT, controlling GPIO ports, etc. One particularly nice aspect of Node-RED is that the programmer does not need to learn how to write complex programs. For example, an email can be sent by simply joining nodes together and writing only a few lines of code. The aim of this book is to teach how Node-RED can be used in projects. The main hardware platform used with most of the projects in this book is Raspberry Pi 4. Chapters are included to show how Node-RED can be also be used with Arduino Uno, ESP32 DevKitC, and the ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller development boards.
Hands-on in more than 50 projects STM32 Nucleo family of processors are manufactured by STMicroelectronics. These are low-cost ARM microcontroller development boards. This book is about developing projects using the popular STM32CubeIDE software with the Nucleo-L476RG development board. In the early Chapters of the book the architecture of the Nucleo family is briefly described. The book covers many projects using most features of the Nucleo-L476RG development board where the full software listings for the STM32CubeIDE are given for each project together with extensive descriptions. The projects range from simple flashing LEDs to more complex projects using modules, devices, and libraries such as GPIO, ADC, DAC, I²C, SPI, LCD, DMA, analogue inputs, power management, X-CUBE-MEMS1 library, DEBUGGING, and others. In addition, several projects are given using the popular Nucleo Expansion Boards. These Expansion Boards plug on top of the Nucleo development boards and provide sensors, relays, accelerometers, gyroscopes, Wi-Fi, and many others. Using an expansion board together with the X-CUBE-MEMS1 library simplifies the task of project development considerably. All the projects in the book have been tested and are working. The following sub-headings are given for each project: Project Title, Description, Aim, Block Diagram, Circuit Diagram, and Program Listing for the STM32CubeIDE. In this book you will learn about STM32 microcontroller architecture; the Nucleo-L476RG development board in projects using the STM32CubeIDE integrated software development tool; external and internal interrupts and DMA; DEBUG, a program developed using the STM32CubeIDE; the MCU in Sleep, Stop, and in Standby modes; Nucleo Expansion Boards with the Nucleo development boards. What you need a PC with Internet connection and a USB port; STM32CubeIDE software (available at STMicroelectronics website free of charge) the project source files, available from the book’s webpage hosted by Elektor; Nucleo-L476RG development board; simple electronic devices such as LEDs, temperature sensor, I²C and SPI chips, and a few more; Nucleo Expansion Boards (optional).
Whatever the methods or even then financial means you have to make your circuits work, the power supply should rank high if not Number One in your considerations. The design block simply called “power supply” is hugely underrated both in electronics creation and repair. Yet, the “PSU” has enormous diversity and comes in wildly differing guises like AC/DC, generator, battery (rechargeable or not), PV panel, benchtop, linear or switch-mode, to mention but a few. The output ranges are also staggering like nano-amps to kiloamps and the same for voltages.This special covers the features and design aspects of power supplies.ContentsBasics
Battery ManagementWhat to be aware of when using (Lithium) batteries.
Fixed-Voltage Power Supply using Linear RegulatorsThe best result right after batteries.
Light Energy HarvestingA small solar panel is used in an energy harvesting project to manage and charge four AAA cells.
Mains Powered Adapter DesignBasic circuits and tips for transformers, rectification, filtering and stabilization.
LM317 Soft StartThe high inrush current pulse should be avoided.
Controllable RectifiersSome suggestions to keep the power loss in the linear regulator as low as possible.
Components
Worksheet: The LM117 / LM217 / LM317 Voltage Regulators
SupercapsLow voltage but lots of current… or not?
Reviews
JOY-iT RD6006 Benchtop Power Supply Kit
Siglent SDL1020X Programmable DC Electronic Load
Projects
Balcony Power PlantDIY solar balcony = speedy payback!
DIY LiPo Supercharger KitFrom handcrafted to mass market
Dual-Anode MOSFET ThyristorFaster and less wasteful than the old SCR
Battery JuicerDo not throw away, squeeze!
High-Voltage Power Supply with Curve TracerGenerate voltages up to 400 V and trace characteristics curves for valves and transistors
High Voltage Supply for RIAAFor RIAA tube preamps and other applications.
MicroSupplyA lab power supply for connected devices
Phantom Power Supply using Switched CapacitorsVoltage tripler using three ICs
The SMPS800RE Switch-Mode Supply for the Elektor Fortissimo-100Reliable, light and affordable
Soft Start for PSUBe nice to your power supply – and its load
UniLab 20-30 V, 3 A compact switch-mode lab power supply
Tips
Soft Start for Step-Down Switching Regulators
Low Loss Current Limit
Powerbank Surprise
A Virtual Ground
Battery Maintainer
Battery Pack Discharger
Connecting Voltage Regulators in Parallel
The MAX78000FTHR from Maxim Integrated is a small development board based on the MAX78000 MCU. The main usage of this board is in artificial intelligence applications (AI) which generally require large amounts of processing power and memory. It marries an Arm Cortex-M4 processor with a floating-point unit (FPU), convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerator, and RISC-V core into a single device. It is designed for ultra-low power consumption, making it ideal for many portable AI-based applications. This book is project-based and aims to teach the basic features of the MAX78000FTHR. It demonstrates how it can be used in various classical and AI-based projects. Each project is described in detail and complete program listings are provided. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their applications. This book covers the following features of the MAX78000FTHR microcontroller development board: Onboard LEDs and buttons External LEDs and buttons Using analog-to-digital converters I²C projects SPI projects UART projects External interrupts and timer interrupts Using the onboard microphone Using the onboard camera Convolutional Neural Network
A Handbook on DIY Nowadays, security problems are rarely properly solved or correctly addressed. Electronic security is only part of the chain in making a system secure. Electronic security is usually addressed as network or software security, neglecting other aspects, but the chain is only as strong as its weakest link. This book is about electronic hardware security, with an emphasis on problems that you can solve on a shoestring DIY budget. It deals mostly with secure communications, cryptosystems, and espionage. You will quickly appreciate that you can’t simply buy a trustworthy and reliable cryptosystem off the shelf. You will then realise that this applies equally to individuals, corporations, and governments. If you want to increase your electronic security awareness in a world already overcrowded with networks of microphones and cameras, this is a book for you. Furthermore, if you want to do something DIY by designing and expanding upon simple electronic systems, please continue reading. Some of the devices described are already published as projects in the Elektor magazine. Some are still ideas yet to be worked out. Complexity is the main enemy of security, so we'll try to keep to simple systems. Every chapter will analyse real-life espionage events or at least several hypothetical scenarios that will hopefully spark your imagination. The final goal is to build a security-conscious mindset (or “to get into a head of a spy”) which is necessary to recognise possible threats beforehand, to design a truly secure system. Don’t bother reading if: you think you and your secrets are 100% safe and secure you think somebody else can effectively handle your security you think conspiracy theories only exist in theory – Telefunken’s masterpiece the “FS-5000 Harpoon” was built on one!
An Ultra-Rapid Programming Course This book serves as the very first step to for novices to learn Python programming. The book is divided into ten chapters. In the first chapter, readers are introduced to the basics of Python. It has the detailed instructions for installation on various platforms such as macOS, Windows, FreeBSD, and Linux. It also covers the other aspects of Python programming such as IDEs and Package Manager. The second chapter is where the readers get an opportunity to have a detailed hands-on with Python programming. It covers a group of built-in data structures popularly known as Python Collections. The third chapter covers the important concepts of strings, functions, and recursion. The fourth chapter focuses on the Object-Oriented Programming with Python. The fifth chapter discusses most commonly used custom data structures such as stack and queue. The sixth chapter spurs the creativity of the readers with Python’s Turtle graphics library. The seventh chapter explores animations and game development using the Pygame library. The eighth chapter covers handling data stored in a variety of file formats. The ninth chapter covers the area of Image processing with Wand library in Python. The tenth and the final chapter presents an array of assorted handy topics in Python. The entire book follows a step-by-step approach. The explanation of the topic is always followed by a detailed code example. The code examples are also explained in suitable detail and they are followed by the output in the form of text or screenshot wherever possible. Readers will become comfortable with Python programming language by closely following the concepts and the code examples in this book. The book also has references to external resources for readers to explore further. A download of the software code, and links to tutorial videos can be found on the Elektor website.
Practical Multitasking Fundamentals Programming embedded systems is difficult because of resource constraints and limited debugging facilities. Why develop your own Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) as well as your application when the proven FreeRTOS software is freely available? Why not start with a validated foundation? Every software developer knows that you must divide a difficult problem into smaller ones to conquer it. Using separate preemptive tasks and FreeRTOS communication mechanisms, a clean separation of functions is achieved within the entire application. This results in safe and maintainable designs. Practicing engineers and students alike can use this book and the ESP32 Arduino environment to wade into FreeRTOS concepts at a comfortable pace. The well-organized text enables you to master each concept before starting the next chapter. Practical breadboard experiments and schematics are included to bring the lessons home. Experience is the best teacher. Each chapter includes exercises to test your knowledge. The coverage of the FreeRTOS Application Programming Interface (API) is complete for the ESP32 Arduino environment. You can apply what you learn to other FreeRTOS environments, including Espressif’s ESP-IDF. The source code is available from GitHub. All of these resources put you in the driver’s seat when it is time to develop your next uber-cool ESP32 project. What you will learn: How preemptive scheduling works within FreeRTOS The Arduino startup “loopTask” Message queues FreeRTOS timers and the IDLE task The semaphore, mutex, and their differences The mailbox and its application Real-time task priorities and its effect Interrupt interaction and use with FreeRTOS Queue sets Notifying tasks with events Event groups Critical sections Task local storage The gatekeeper task
Practical Multitasking Fundamentals Programming embedded systems is difficult because of resource constraints and limited debugging facilities. Why develop your own Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) as well as your application when the proven FreeRTOS software is freely available? Why not start with a validated foundation? Every software developer knows that you must divide a difficult problem into smaller ones to conquer it. Using separate preemptive tasks and FreeRTOS communication mechanisms, a clean separation of functions is achieved within the entire application. This results in safe and maintainable designs. Practicing engineers and students alike can use this book and the ESP32 Arduino environment to wade into FreeRTOS concepts at a comfortable pace. The well-organized text enables you to master each concept before starting the next chapter. Practical breadboard experiments and schematics are included to bring the lessons home. Experience is the best teacher. Each chapter includes exercises to test your knowledge. The coverage of the FreeRTOS Application Programming Interface (API) is complete for the ESP32 Arduino environment. You can apply what you learn to other FreeRTOS environments, including Espressif’s ESP-IDF. The source code is available from GitHub. All of these resources put you in the driver’s seat when it is time to develop your next uber-cool ESP32 project. What you will learn: How preemptive scheduling works within FreeRTOS The Arduino startup “loopTask” Message queues FreeRTOS timers and the IDLE task The semaphore, mutex, and their differences The mailbox and its application Real-time task priorities and its effect Interrupt interaction and use with FreeRTOS Queue sets Notifying tasks with events Event groups Critical sections Task local storage The gatekeeper task
Vacuum-tube (or valve, depending upon which side of the pond you live on) technology spawned the Age of Electronics early in the 20th Century. Until the advent of solid-state electronics near mid-century, hollow-state devices were the only choice. But following the invention of the transistor (after their process fell to reasonable levels), within a couple of decades, the death of vacuum tubes was widely heralded. Yet here we are some five decades later, and hollow-state equipment is enjoying something of a comeback, especially in the music and high-end audio industries.Many issues surround hollow-state audio:
Does it produce—as some claim—better sound? If so, is there science to back up these claims?
How do hollow-state circuits work?
How do you design hollow-state audio circuits?
If hollow-state equipment fails, how do you go about troubleshooting and repairing it?
Can we recreate some of the classic hollow-state audio devices for modern listening rooms and recording studios?
How can we intelligently modify hollow-state amplifiers to our taste?
These and other topics are covered in The State of Hollow State Audio.
With this bundle you can straight away built the over 30 tested and working projects described in the book. This bundle contains:
The Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W GO! Book (normal price: €34.95) Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W (normal price: €22.95) The Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W GO! Book A Fast-Lane Ride From Concept to Project The core of the book explains the use of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W running the Python programming language, always in simple terms and backed by many tested and working example projects. On part of the reader, familiarity with the Python programming language and some experience with one of the Raspberry Pi computers will prove helpful. Although previous electronics experience is not required, some knowledge of basic electronics is beneficial, especially when venturing out to modify the projects for your own applications. Over 30 tested and working hardware-based projects are given in the book, covering the use of Wi-Fi, communication with smartphones and with a Raspberry Pi Pico W computer. Additionally, there are Bluetooth projects including elementary communication with smartphones and with the popular Arduino Uno. Both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are key features of the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W. Some of the topics covered in the book are: Raspberry Pi OS installation on an SD card Python program creation and execution on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W Software-only examples of Python running on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W Hardware-based projects including LCD and Sense HAT interfacing UDP and TCP Wi-Fi based projects for smartphone communication UDP-based project for Raspberry Pi Pico W communication Flask-based webserver project Cloud storage of captured temperature, humidity, and pressure data TFT projects Node-RED projects Interfacing to Alexa MQTT projects Bluetooth-based projects for smartphone and Arduino Uno communications Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W The small Raspberry Pi puts in the quad-core turbo! Features 64-bit quad-core processor VideoCore IV GPU 512 MB LPDDR2 DRAM 802.11b/g/n wireless LAN Bluetooth 4.2 / Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) MicroSD card slot Mini HDMI and USB 2.0 OTG ports Micro USB power HAT-compatible 40-pin header Composite video and reset pins via solder test points CSI camera connector Specifications SoC Broadcom BCM2710A1 CPU 64-bit ARM Cortex-A53 (4x 1 GHz) GPU Broadcom VideoCore VI RAM 512 MB LPDDR2 Wireless LAN 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11b/g/n Bluetooth Bluetooth 4.2, BLE USB 1x micro USB (for data)1x micro USB (for power supply) GPIO HAT-compatible 40-pin GPIO header Video & Audio 1080P HD video & stereo audio via mini-HDMI connector SD card microSD (for operating system and storage) Power 5 VDC / 2.5 A (supplied via micro USB connector) Dimensions 65 x 30 x 5 mm Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W is footprint-compatible with earlier Zero models.
59 Experiments with Arduino IDE and Python The main aim of this book is to teach the Arduino IDE and MicroPython programming languages in ESP32 based projects, using the highly popular ESP32 DevKitC development board. Many simple, basic, and intermediate level projects are provided in the book using the Arduino IDE with ESP32 DevKitC. All projects have been tested and work. Block diagrams, circuit diagrams, and complete program listings of all projects are given with explanations. In addition, several projects are provided for programming the ESP32 DevKitC using MicroPython. The projects provided in this book are designed to teach the following features of the ESP32 processor: GPIOs Touch sensors External interrupts Timer interrupts I²C and I²S SPI PWM ADC DAC UART Hall sensor Temperature sensor Infrared controller Reading and writing to SD card Reading and writing to flash memory RTC timer Chip ID Security and encryption Wi-Fi and network programming Bluetooth BLE programming Communication mobile devices Low power design ESP-IDF programming The projects have been organized with increasing levels of difficulty. Readers are encouraged to tackle the projects in the order given. A specially prepared hardware kit is available from Elektor. With the help of this hardware, it should be easy and fun to build the projects in this book.
The project book, written by well-known Elektor author Dogan Ibrahim, holds many software- and hardware-based projects especially developed for the Arduino Uno Experimenting Kit. The kit comes with an Arduino Uno board, several LEDs, sensors, actuators, and other components. The purpose of the kit is to make a flying start with hardware and software aspects of projects designed around the Arduino Uno microcontroller system. The projects given in this guide are fully evaluated and working and fully employ all the supplied components. A block diagram, a circuit diagram, an extensive program listing, and a complete program description is given for every project in the guide. Included in the kit 1x Arduino Uno Rev3 board
1x RFID reader module 1x DS1302 clock module 1x 5 V stepper motor 1x '2003' stepper motor drive board 5x Green LED 5x Yellow LED 5x Red LED 2x Rocker switch 1x Flame sensor 1x LM35 sensor module 1x Infrared receiver 3x Light-dependent resistors (LDRs) 1x IR remote controller 1x Breadboard 4x Pushbutton (with four caps) 1x Buzzer 1x Piezo sounder 1x Adjustable resistor (potentiometer) 1x 74HC595 shift register 1x 7-segment display 1x 4-digit 7-segment display 1x 8x8 Dot-matrix display 1x 1602 / I²C LCD module 1x DHT11 Temperature and humidity module 1x Relay module 1x Sound module Set of Dupont cables Set of Breadboard cables 1x Water sensor 1x PS2 Joystick 5x 1 k-ohm resistor 5x 10 k-ohm resistor 5x 220-ohm resistor 1x 4x4 keypad module 1x 9g Servo (25 cm) 1x RFID card 1x RGB module 1x 9 V battery DC jack Project book (237 pages) Over 60 Projects in the Book Hardware Projects with LEDs Blinking LED – using the onboard LED Blinking LED – using an external LED LED flashing SOS Alternately-blinking LEDs Chasing LEDs Chasing LEDs 2 Binary counting LEDs Random flashing LEDs – Christmas lights Button controlled LED Controlling the LED flashing rate – external interrupts Reaction timer LED color wand RGB fixed colors Traffic lights Traffic lights with pedestrian crossings Using the 74HC595 shift register – binary up counter Using the 74HC595 shift register – randomly flashing 8 LEDs Using the 74HC595 shift register – chasing LEDs Using the 74HC595 shift register – turn ON a specified LED Using the 74HC595 shift register – turn ON specified LEDs 7-Segment LED Displays 7-Segment 1-digit LED counter 7-Segment 4-digit multiplexed LED display 7-Segment 4-digit multiplexed LED display counter – timer interrupts 7-Segment 4-digit multiplexed LED display counter – eliminating the leading zeroes 7-Segment 4-digit multiplexed LED display – reaction timer Timer interrupt blinking onboard LED Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) Display text on the LCD Scrolling text on the LCD Display custom characters on the LCD LCD based conveyor belt goods counter LCD-based accurate clock using timer interrupts LCD dice Sensors Analog temperature sensor Voltmeter On/Off temperature controller Darkness reminder using a light-dependent resistor (LDR) Tilt detection Water-level sensor Displaying water levels Water level controller Flooding detector with buzzer Sound detection sensor – relay control by hand clapping Flame sensor – fire detection with relay output Temperature and humidity display Generating musical tones with the melody maker The RFID Reader Finding the Tag ID RFID door lock access control with relay The 4x4 Keypad Display the pressed key code on the Serial Monitor Integer calculator with LCD Keypad door security lock with relay The Real-Time Clock (RTC) Module RTC with Serial Monitor RTC with LCD Temperature and humidity display with time stamping The Joystick Reading joystick analog values 8x8 LED Matrix Displaying shapes Motors Test-rotate the servo Servo sweep Joystick-controlled servo Rotate the motor clockwise and then anticlockwise Infrared Receiver and Remote Controller Unit Decoding the IR remote control codes Remote relay activation/deactivation Infrared remote stepper motor control
About the book Espressif's ESP8266 and ESP32 microcontrollers have brought DIY home automation to the masses. However, not everyone is fluent in programming these microcontrollers with Espressif's C/C++ SDK, the Arduino core, or MicroPython. This is where ESPHome comes into its own: with this project, you don’t program your microcontroller but configure it. This book demonstrates how to create your own home automation devices with ESPHome on an ESP32 microcontroller board. You’ll learn how to combine all kinds of electronic components and automate complex behaviours. Your devices can work completely autonomously, and connect over Wi-Fi to your home automation gateways such as Home Assistant or MQTT broker. By the end of this book, you will be able to create your own custom home automation devices the way you want. Thanks to ESPHome and the ESP32, this is within everyone’s grasp. Set up an ESPHome development environment and create maintainable configurations Use buttons and LEDs Sound a buzzer and play melodies Read measurements from various types of sensors Communicate over a short distance with NFC, infrared light, and Bluetooth Low Energy Show information on various types of displays About the board Chipset Espressif-ESP32 240 MHz Xtensa single-/dual-core 32-bit LX6 microprocessor FLASH QSPI flash 16 MB SRAM 520 kB SRAM Button Reset USB to TTL CP2104 Modular interface UART, SPI, SDIO, I²C, LED PWM, TV PWM, I²S, IRGPIO, ADC, capacitor touch sensor, DACLNA pre-amplifier Display IPS ST7789V 1.14 Inch Working voltage 2.7-4.2 V Working current About 67 MA Sleep current About 350 uA Working temperature range -40℃ ~ +85℃ Size & Weight 51.52 x 25.04 x 8.54 mm (7.81 g) Power Supply USB 5 V/1 A Charging current 500 mA Battery 3.7 V lithium battery JST Connector 2-Pin 1.25 mm USB Connector USB-C
ModbusRTU and ModbusTCP examples with the Arduino Uno and ESP8266 Introduction to PLC programming with OpenPLC, the first fully open source Programmable Logic Controller on the Raspberry Pi, and Modbus examples with Arduino Uno and ESP8266 PLC programming is very common in industry and home automation. This book describes how the Raspberry Pi 4 can be used as a Programmable Logic Controller. Before taking you into the programming, the author starts with the software installation on the Raspberry Pi and the PLC editor on the PC, followed by a description of the hardware. You'll then find interesting examples in the different programming languages complying with the IEC 61131-3 standard. This manual also explains in detail how to use the PLC editor and how to load and execute the programs on the Raspberry Pi. All IEC languages are explained with examples, starting with LD (Ladder Diagram) over ST (Structured Control Language) to SFC (Special Function Chart). All examples can be downloaded from the author's website. Networking gets thorough attention too. The Arduino Uno and the ESP8266 are programmed as ModbusRTU or ModbusTCP modules to get access to external peripherals, reading sensors and switching electrical loads. I/O circuits complying with the 24 V industry standard may also be of interest for the reader. The book ends with an overview of commands for ST and LD. After reading the book, the reader will be able to create his own controllers with the Raspberry Pi.
